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The Impact of Ruminative Processing on the Development of Intrusive Memories

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  22 February 2012

Alishia D. Williams
Affiliation:
The University of New South Wales, Australia.
Michelle L. Moulds*
Affiliation:
The University of New South Wales, Australia. [email protected]
*
*Address for correspondence: Michelle L. Moulds, School of Psychology, The University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW 2052, Australia.
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Abstract

Despite substantial evidence of the detrimental effects of ruminative self-focus, paradoxically (as noted and reviewed by Watkins, 2004) there are clear suggestions that under some circumstances self-focused attention can actually promote well-being and confer benefits. We sought to replicate the findings of Watkins (2004) that adopting an abstract/analytical mode of processing following a negative event results in increased spontaneous intrusions of the event; that is, results in poor emotional processing. In the current study 57 low (BDI-II ≤ 7) and 59 high (BDI-II ≥ 12) dysphoric undergraduate participants viewed a four minute emotion-eliciting video, were randomly assigned to an analytical, experiential, or distraction processing condition, then monitored the frequency of video-related intrusions. Results indicated the effectiveness of the video in inducing moderately distressing intrusions, and suggest that the hypothesised effects of ruminative self-focus on intrusion severity may be dependent upon the self-referential nature of the material to be processed. Results did support previous findings (Williams & Moulds, 2007) that intrusion-related distress is not merely a function of intrusion frequency. Directions for future investigations of the cognitive processes that are important in the maintenance of depressive disorders are discussed.

Type
Standard Papers
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2007

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