Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-l7hp2 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-29T16:40:00.798Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Selective breeding–selective rearing interactions and the ontogeny of aggressive behavior

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  04 February 2010

Kathryn E. Hood
Kathryn E. Hood
Affiliation:
Individual and Family Studies, College of Health and Human Development, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pa. 16802
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.
Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'
Type
Open Peer Commentary
Information
Behavioral and Brain Sciences , Volume 11 , Issue 4 , December 1988 , pp. 636
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1988

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Anastasi, A. (1958) Heredity, environment, and the question “How?” Psychological Review 65:197–208.Google Scholar
Arnold, S. J. (1981) The microevolution of feeding behavior. In: Foraging behavior: Ecological, ethological, and psychological approaches, ed. Kamil, A. C. & Sargent, T. D.. Garland STPM.Google Scholar
Aslin, R. N. (1981) Experiential influences and sensitive periods in perceptual development: A unified model. In: Development of perception, vol. 1, ed. Aslin, R. N., Alberts, J. R. & Petersen, M. R.. Academic Press.Google Scholar
Baker, M. C. & Cunningham, M. A. (1985) The biology of birdsong dialects. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 8:85–133.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baptista, L. F. & Petrinovich, L. (1984) Social interaction, sensitive phases and the song template hypothesis in the white-crowned sparrow. Animal Behaviour 32:172–81.Google Scholar
Baptista, L. F. & Petrinovich, L. (1986) Song development in the white-crowned sparrow: Social factors and sex differences. Animal Behaviour 34:1359–71.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barash, D. (1979) The whisperings within. Harper & Row.Google Scholar
Bateson, P. P. G. (1978) How does behavior develop? Perspectives in Ethology 3:55–66.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bateson, P. P. G. (1984) Sudden changes in ontogeny and phylogeny. In: Behavioral evolution and integrative levels, ed. Greenberg, G. & Tobach, E.. Erlbaum.Google Scholar
Bateson, P. P. G. (1985) Problems and possibilities in fusing developmental and evolutionary thought. In: Evolution and developmental psychology, ed. Butterworth, G., Rutkowska, J. & Scaife, M.. St. Martin's Press.Google Scholar
Bateson, P. P. G. (1987) Biological approaches to the study of behavioural development. International Journal of Behavioral Development 10:1–22.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Beach, F. A. (1955) The descent of instinct. Psychological Reviews 62:401–10.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Becker, P. (1982) The coding of species-specific characteristics in bird sounds. In: Acoustic communication in birds, vol. 1, ed. Kroodsma, D. E. & Miller, E. H.. Academic Press.Google Scholar
Beer, C. G. (1970) Individual recognition by voice in the social behavior of birds. Advances in the Study of Behavior 3:27–74.Google Scholar
Bekoff, M. (1981) Mammalian sibling interactions. Genes, facilitative environments, and the coefficient of familiarity. In: Parental care in mammals, ed. Gubernick, D. J. & Klopfer, P. H.. Plenum Press.Google Scholar
Bekoff, M. (1988) Behavioral development in terrestrial carnivores. In: Carnivore behavior, ecology and evolution, ed. Gittleman, J. L. (in press). Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
Bentley, D. R. (1971) Genetic control of an insect neuronal network. Science 174:1139–40.Google Scholar
Bentley, D. R. (1975) Single gene cricket mutations: Effects on behavior; sensilla, sensory neurons and identified intemeurons. Science 187:760–64.Google Scholar
Bentley, D. R. & Hoy, R. R. (1972) Genetic control of the neuronal network generating cricket (Teleogryllus gryllus) song patterns. Animal Behaviour 20:478–92.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Benzer, S. (1967) Behavioral mutants of Drosophila isolated by countercurrent distribution. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA. 58:1112–19.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bever, T. G. (1982) The nonspecific bases of language. In: Language acquisition: The state of the art, ed. Wanner, E. & Gleitman, L. R.. Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Bischof, H.-J. (1979) A model of imprinting evolved from neurophysiological concepts. Zeitschrift für Tierpsychologie 51:126–39.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Blaich, C. F. & Miller, D. B. (1986) Alarm call responsivity of mallard ducklings (Anas platyrhynchos): IV. Effects of social experience. Journal of Comparative Psychology 100:401–5.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Blaich, C. F., Miller, D. B. & Hicinbothom, G. (in press) Alarm call responsivity of mallard ducklings: 8. Interaction between developmental history and behavioral context. Developmental Psychobiology.Google Scholar
Bottjer, S. W. & Arnold, A. P. (1986) The ontogeny of vocal learning in songbirds. In: Handbook of behavioral neurobiology. Vol. 8: Developmental psychobiology and developmental neurobiology, ed. Blass, E. M.. Plenum Press.Google Scholar
Brandon, R. (1982) The levels of selection. In: Proceedings of the Philosophy of Science Association Meetings, ed. Asquith, P. & Nickles, T.. Philosophy of Science Association.Google Scholar
Brookhart, J. & Hock, E. (1976) The effects of experimental context and experiential background on infants' behavior toward their mothers and a stranger. Child Development 47:333–40.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brown, J. L. (1975) The evolution of behavior. W. W. Norton.Google Scholar
Burghardt, G. M. (1973) Instinct and innate behavior: Toward an ethological psychology. In: The study of behavior: Learning, motivation, emotion, and instinct, ed. Nevin, J. A. & Reynolds, G. S.. Scott, Foresman.Google Scholar
Burghardt, G. M. (1977) Ontogeny of communication. In: How animals communicate, ed. Sebeok, T. A.. Indiana University Press.Google Scholar
Burghardt, G. M. (1988) Precocity, play, and the ectotherm-endotherm transition: Profound reorganization or superficial adaptation? In: Handbook of behavioral neurobiology, vol. 9, ed. Blass, E. M.. Plenum.Google Scholar
Byers, J. A. & Bekoff, M. (1986) What does “kin recognition” mean? Ethology 72:342–45.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cairns, R. B. & Gariépy, J-L. (1988) The ontogeny and phylogeny of social interactions: Ten years later. In: Cenes, development and behavior, ed. Hahn, M., Hewitt, K., Henderson, N. D. & Benno, R.. Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Cairns, R. B., Gariépy, J-L, & Hood, K. E. (1988) Dual genesis and the puzzle of aggressive mediation. In: The evolution of social behavior, ed. Parmigiani, S., Brain, P. T. & Mainardi, D..Google Scholar
Cairns, R. B. & Hood, K. E. (1983) Continuity in social development: A comparative perspective on individual difference prediction. In: Life-span developmental psychology, ed. Baltes, P. B. & Brim, O. G. Jr, Academic Press.Google Scholar
Cairns, R. B., Hood, K. E. & Midlam, F. (1985) On fighting in mice: Is there a sensitive period for isolation effects? Animal Behaviour 33:166–80.Google Scholar
Cairns, R. B., MacCombie, D. J. & Hood, K. E. (1983) A developmental genetic analysis of aggressive behavior in mice: I. Behavioral outcomes. Journal of Comparative Psychology 97:69–89.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Campbell, D. T. (1960) Blind variation and selective retention in creative thought as in other knowledge processes. Psychological Review 67:380–400.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Campbell, D. T. (1974) Evolutionary epistemology. In: The philosophy of Karl Popper, vol. 1, ed. Schlipp, P. A.. Open Court Press.Google Scholar
Carmichael, L. (1925) Heredity and environment: Are they antithetical? Journal of Abnormal Psychology 20:245–60.Google Scholar
Castro, C. A. & Rudy, J. W. (1987) Early-life malnutrition selectively retards the development of distal- but not proximal-cue navigation. Developmental Psychobiology 20:521–37.Google Scholar
Cavalli-Sforza, L. L. & Feldman, M. W. (1981) Cultural transmission and evolution. Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Changeux, J. P. & Danchin, A. (1976) Selective stabilization of developing synapses as a mechanism for the specification of neuronal networks. Nature 264:705–12.Google Scholar
Changeux, J. P. & Dehaene, S. (in press) Neuronal models of cognitive functions. Cognition.Google Scholar
Changeux, J. P., Heidmann, T. & Patte, P. (1984) Learning by selection. In: The biology of learning, ed. Marler, P. & Terrace, H.. Springer-Verlag.Google Scholar
Chomsky, N. (1959) A review of Skinner's Verbal Behavior. Language 35:26–58.Google Scholar
DeCasper, A. J. & Fifer, W. P. (1980) Of human bonding: Newborns prefer their mothers' voices. Science 208:1174–76.Google Scholar
DeCasper, A. J. & Spence, M. J. (1986) Prenatal maternal speech influences newborns' perception of speech sounds. Infant Behavior and Development 9:133–50.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dehaene, S., Changeux, J. P. & Nadal, J. P. (1987) Neural networks that learn temporal sequences by selection. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 87:2727–31.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dittus, W. P. J. & Lemon, R. E. (1969) Effects of song tutoring and acoustic isolation on the song repertoires of cardinals. Animal Behaviour 17:523–33.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dittus, W. P. J. & Lemon, R. E. (1970) Auditory feedback in the singing of cardinals. Ibis 112:544–48.Google Scholar
Dooling, R. & Searcy, M. (1980) Early perceptual selectivity in the swamp sparrow. Developmental Psychobiology 13:499–506.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Edelman, G. M. (1978) The mindful brain. Cortical organization and the group-selective theory of higher brain function. MIT Press.Google Scholar
Edelman, G. M. (1987) Neural Darwinism: The theory of neuronal group selection. Basic Books.Google Scholar
Eibl-Eibesfeldt, I. (1961) The interactions of unlearned behavior patterns and learning in mammals. In: Brain mechanisms and learning, ed. Delafresnaye, J.. Blackwell.Google Scholar
Eimas, P. (1975) Speech perception in early infancy. In: Infant perception: From sensation to cognition, ed. Cohen, L. B. & Salapatek, P.. Academic Press.Google Scholar
Emlen, S. T. (1972) An experimental analysis of the parameters of bird song eliciting species recognition. Behaviour 41:130–71.Google Scholar
Emlen, S. T. (1972a) The ontogenetic development of orientation capabilities. In: Animal orientation and navigation, ed. Caller, S. R., Schmidt-Koenig, K., Jacobs, G. J. & Belleville, R. F.. National Aeronautics and Space Administration.Google Scholar
Ewer, R. F. (1971) Review of Animal behaviour: A synthesis of ethology and comparative psychology, by Hinde, R. A.. Animal Behaviour 19:802–7.Google Scholar
Fogel, A. & Thelen, E. (1987) The development of expressive and communicative action in the first year: Reinterpreting the evidence from a dynamic systems perspective. Developmental Psychobiology 23:747–61.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fox, M. W. (1970) Neurobehavioral development and the genotype environment interaction. Quarterly Review of Biology 45:131–47.Google Scholar
Freedman, D. G. (1974) Human infancy: An evolutionary perspective. Erlbaum (distributed by Wiley, John).Google Scholar
Gariépy, J-L., Hood, K. E. & Caims, R. B. (in press) A developmental genetic analysis of aggressive behavior in mice: III. Behavioral mediation by heightened reactivity or immobility? Journal of Comparative Psychology.Google Scholar
Gish, S. L. & Morton, E. S. (1981) Structural adaptations to local habitat acoustics in Carolina wren song. Zeitschrift für Tierpsychologie 56:74–84.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goldin-Meadow, S. (1982) The resilience of recursion. In: Language acquisition: The state of the art, ed. Wanner, E. & Gleitman, L. R.. Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Gollin, E. S. (1984) Developmental malfunctions: Issues and problems. In: Malformations of development: Biological and psychological sources and consequences, ed. Gollin, E. S.. Academic Press.Google Scholar
Gollin, E. S., Stahl, G. H. & Morgan, E. (1988) On the uses of the concept of normality in developmental biology and psychology. In: Advances in child development and behavior, ed. Reese, H. W.. Academic Press.Google Scholar
Goodman, N. (1984) Of mind and other matters. Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Gottlieb, G. (1971) Development of species identification in birds. University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Gottlieb, G. (1973) Introduction to behavioral embryology. In: Behavioral embryology, vol. 1, ed. Gottlieb, G.. Academic Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gottlieb, G. (1976) The roles of experience in the development of behavior and the nervous system. In: Studies on the development of behavior and the nervous system. Vol. 3: Neural and behavioral specificity, ed. Gottlieb, G.. Academic Press.Google Scholar
Gottlieb, G. (1980a) Development of species identification in ducklings: VI. Specific embryonic experience required to maintain species-typical perception in Peking ducklings. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology 94:579–87.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gottlieb, G. (1980b) Development of species identification in ducklings: VII. Highly specific early experience fosters species-specific perception in wood ducklings. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology 94:1019–27.Google Scholar
Gottlieb, G. (1981) Roles of early experience in species-specific perceptual development. In: Development of perception, vol. 1, ed. Aslin, R. N., Alberts, J. R. & Petersen, M. R.. Academic Press.Google Scholar
Gottlieb, G. (1983) The psychobiological approach to developmental issues. In: Handbook of child psychology. Vol. 2: Infancy and developmental psychobiology, ed. Mussen, P. H.. Wiley.Google Scholar
Gottlieb, G. (1984) Development of species identification in ducklings: XII. Ineffectiveness of auditory self-stimulation in wood ducklings (Aix sponsa). Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology 98:137–41.Google Scholar
Gould, J. L. & Marler, P. (1987) Learning by instinct. Scientific American 256:62–73.Google Scholar
Gould, S. J. (1988) Pussycats and owls. New York Review of Books 35:7–10.Google Scholar
Grouse, F. B., Schrier, B. K., Bennett, E. L., Rosenzweig, M. R. & Nelson, P. G. (1978) Sequence diversity studies of rat brain RNA: Effects of environmental complexity on rat brain RNA diversity. Journal of Neurochemistry 30:191–203.Google Scholar
Güttinger, H. R. (1978) Verwandtschaftsbeziehungen und Gesangsaufbau bei Stieglitz (Carduelis carduelis) und Grünlingsverwandten (Chloris spec.). Journal of Ornithology 119:172–90.Google Scholar
Güttinger, H. R. (1979) The integration of leamt and genetically programmed behaviour: A study of hierarchical organization in songs of canaries, greenfinches and their hybrids. Zeitschrift für Tierpsychologie 49:285–303.Google Scholar
Güttinger, H. R. (1981) Self-differentiation of song organization rules by deaf canaries. Zeitschrift für Tierpsychologie 56:323–40.Google Scholar
Güttinger, H. R. (1985) Consequences of domestication on the song structures in the canary. Behaviour 94:254–78.Google Scholar
Güttinger, H. R., Wolffgramm, J. & Thinn, F. (1978) The relationship between species-specific song programs and individual learning in songbirds: A study of individual variation in songs of canaries, greenfinches and hybrids between the two species. Behaviour 65:241–62.Google Scholar
Hacking, I. (1965) Logic of statistical inference. Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Haken, H. (1977) Synergetics. Springer-Verlag.Google Scholar
Hebb, D. O. (1953) Heredity and environment in mammalian behavior. British Journal of Animal Behavior 1:43–47.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hebb, D. O. (1963) The semiautonomous process: Its nature and nurture. American Journal of Psychology 18:16–27.Google Scholar
Held, R. & Hein, A. (1963) Movement-produced stimulation in the development of visually guided behavior. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology 56:872–76.Google Scholar
Hess, E. (1959) The relationship between motivation and imprinting. In: Nebraska Symposium on Motivation, ed. Jones, M. R.. University of Nebraska Press.Google Scholar
Hinde, R. A. (1982) Ethology: Its nature and relations with other sciences. Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Hirsch, J. (1959) Studies in experimental behavior genetics: II. Individual differences in geotaxis as a function of chromosome variations in synthesized Drosophila populations. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology 52:304–8.Google Scholar
Hirsch, J. (1967a) Behavior-genetic, or “experimental,” analysis: The challenge of science versus the lure of technology. American Psychologist 22:118–30.Google Scholar
Hirsch, J. (1967b) Epilog: Behavior-genetic analysis. In: Behavior-genetic analysis, ed. Hirsch, J.. McGraw-Hill.Google Scholar
Hirsch, J. (1973) Introduction to Loeb, J. (1918) Forced movements, tropisms, and animal conduct. Reprinted by Dover Publications.Google Scholar
Hirsch, J. (1986) Behavior-genetic analysis. In: Readings from the 19th International Ethological Conference: Genetic approaches to behaviour, ed. Medioni, J. & Vaysse, G.. Toulouse, France: Privat.Google Scholar
Hirsch, J. & Boudreau, J. C. (1958) Studies in experimental behavior genetics: I. The heritability of phototaxis in a population of Drosophila melanogaster. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology 51:647–51.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hirsch, J. & Erlenmeyer-Kimling, L. (1961) Sign of taxis as a property of genotype. Science 134:835–36.Google Scholar
Hirsch, J. & McGuire, T. R., eds. (1982) Behavior-genetic analysis. Hutchinson Ross.Google Scholar
Hirsch, J. & Tryon, R. C. (1956) Mass screening and reliable individual measurement in the experimental behavior genetics of lower organisms. Psychological Bulletin 53:402–10.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ho, M. W. & Saunders, P. T. (1979) Beyond neo-Darwinism – an epigenetic approach to evolution. Journal of Theoretical Biology 78:573–91.Google Scholar
Hofer, M. A. & Shair, H. N. (1987) Isolation distress in two-week-old rats: Influence of home cage, social companions, and prior experience with littermates. Developmental Psychobiology 20:465–76.Google Scholar
Holliday, M. & Hirsch, J. (1986) Excitatory conditioning of individual Drosophila melanogaster. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes 12:131–42.Google ScholarPubMed
Hood, K. E. & Caims, R. B. (1988) A developmental-genetic analysis of aggressive behavior in mice. II. Cross-sex inheritance. Behavior Genetics 18:5.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hood, K. E. & Caims, R. B. (submitted) A developmental-genetic analysis of aggressive behavior in mice: IV. Genotype-environment interaction.Google Scholar
Howes-Jones, D. (1984) The vocal behaviour of young warbling vireos. Canadian Journal of Zoology 62:1714–19.Google Scholar
Immelmann, K. (1969) Song development in the zebra finch and other estrildid finches. In: Bird vocalizations, ed. Hinde, R. A.. Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Immelmann, K. (1979) Genetical constraints on early learning: A perspective from sexual imprinting in birds. In: Theoretical advances in behaviour genetics, ed. Royce, J. R.. Sijthof & Noordhof.Google Scholar
Jamieson, I. G. (1986) The functional approach to behavior: Is it useful? American Naturalist 127:195–208.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jensen, D. D. (1961) Operationism and the question “Is this behavior learned or innate?” Behaviour 17:1–8.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jensen, D. D. (1970) Polythetic biopsychology: An alternative to behaviorism. In: Current issues in animal learning: A colloquium, ed. Reynierse, J. H.. University of Nebraska Press.Google Scholar
Jensen, D. D. (1987) Operationism, polytheticism, the biotemporal space, and the empirical integration of ethology, psychology, neuroscience, and sociobiology. Poster, XXth International Ethological Conference, Madison, Wis.Google Scholar
Jerne, N. (1967) Antibodies and learning: Selection versus instruction. In: The neurosciences, ed. Quarton, G. C., Melnechuck, T. & Schmidt, F. O.. Rockefeller University Press.Google Scholar
Johnston, T. D. (1981) Contrasting approaches to a theory of learning. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 4:125–73.Google Scholar
Johnston, T. D. (1982) Learning and the evolution of developmental systems. In: Learning, development and evolution: Essays in evolutionary epistemology, ed. Plotkin, H. C.. John Wiley.Google Scholar
Johnston, T. D. (1984) Development and the origin of behavioral strategies. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 7:108–9.Google Scholar
Johnston, T. D. (1985) Environmental constraints and the natural context of behavior: Grounds for an ecological approach to the study of infant perception. In: Measurement of audition and vision in the first year of postnatal life, ed. Gottlieb, G. & Krasnegor, N. A.. Ablex.Google Scholar
Johnston, T. D. (1987) The persistence of dichotomies in the study of behavioral development. Developmental Review 7:149–82.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Johnston, T. D. & Gottlieb, G. (1981a) Development of visual species identification in ducklings: What is the role of imprinting? Animal Behaviour 29:1081–99.Google Scholar
Johnston, T. D. & Gottlieb, G. (1981b) Visual preferences of imprinted ducklings are altered by the maternal call. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology 95:663–75.Google Scholar
Johnston, T. D. & Gottlieb, G. (1982) The origin of variations: A developmental problem in evolutionary theory. Unpublished manuscript.Google Scholar
Johnston, T. D. & Gottlieb, G. (1985) Effects of social experience on visually imprinted preferences in Peking ducklings. Developmental Psychobiology 18:261–71.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Johnston, T. D. & Gottlieb, G. (in preparation) Phenogenesis: A developmental context for evolutionary theory.Google Scholar
Johnston, T. D. & Turvey, M. T. (1980) An ecological metatheory for theories of learning. In: The psychology of learning and motivation, vol. 14, ed. Bower, G. H.. Academic Press.Google Scholar
Kamil, A. G. (1984) Adaptation and cognition: Knowing what comes naturally. In: Animal cognition, ed. Roitblat, H. L., Bever, T. G. & Terrace, H. S., Erlbaum.Google Scholar
Kelso, J. A. S., Mandell, A. J. & Schlesinger, M. F., eds. (1988) Dynamic patterns in complex systems. World Scientific.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Khayutin, S. N. (1985) Sensory factors in the behavioral ontogeny of altricial birds. Advances in the Study of Behavior 15:105–52.Google Scholar
Khayutin, S. N. & Dmitrieva, L. P. (1987) Functional characteristics of hearing development in altricia) birds. Relation to natural behavior. Sensory systems 1:299–307 (in Russian).Google Scholar
Khayutin, S. N., Grinchenko, Yu. V. & Dmitrieva, L. P. (1978) Role of species song in the organization of nest behavior of pied flycatcher nestlings. Journal of Zoology 57:413–19 (in Russian).Google Scholar
King, A. P. & West, M. J. (1977) Species identification in the North American cowbird: Appropriate responses to abnormal song. Science 195:1002–4.Google Scholar
King, A. P. & West, M. J. (1983) Epigenesis of cowbird song – a joint endeavour of males and females. Nature 305:704.Google Scholar
King, A. P. & West, M. J. (1987) Different outcomes of synergy between song production and song perception in the same subspecies (Molothrus ater ater). Developmental Psychobiology 20:177–87.Google Scholar
King, A. P. & West, M. J. (1988) Searching for the functional origins of song in cowbirds (Molothrus ater ater). Animal Behaviour.Google Scholar
King, A. P., West, M. J. & Eastzer, D. H. (1980) Song structure and song development as potential contributors to reproductive isolation in cowbirds (Molothrus ater). Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology 94:1028–39.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kitcher, P. (1985) Vaulting ambition: Sociobiology and the quest for human nature. MIT Press.Google Scholar
Kitcher, P. (1987) Précis of Vaulting ambition: Sociobiology and the quest for human nature. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 10:61–99.Google Scholar
Konishi, M. (1964) Effects of deafening on song development in two species juncos. Condor 66:85–102.Google Scholar
Konishi, M. (1965a) The role of auditory feedback in the control of vocalization in the white-crowned sparrow. Zeitschrift für Tierpsychologie 22:771–83.Google Scholar
Konishi, M. (1965b) Effects of deafening in American robins and black-headed grosbeaks. Zeitschrift für Tierpsychologie 22:584–99.Google Scholar
Konishi, M. (1978a) Auditory environment and vocal development in birds. In: Perception and experience, ed. Walk, R. D. & Pick, H. L.. Plenum Press.Google Scholar
Konishi, M. (1978b) Ethological aspects of auditory pattern recognition. In: Handbook sensory physiology. Vol. 8: Perception, ed. Held, R., Leibowitz, H. W. & Teuber, H.-L.. Springer-Verlag.Google Scholar
Konishi, M. (1985) Birdsong: From behavior to neuron. Annual Review of Neuroscience 8:125–70.Google Scholar
Konishi, M. & Nottebohm, F. (1969) Experimental studies in the ontogeny avian vocalizations. In: Bird vocalizations, ed. Hinde, R. A.. Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Konner, M. (1982) The tangled wing. Holt, Rinehart & Winston.Google Scholar
Konopka, R. J. (1979) Genetic dissection of the Drosophila circadian system. Federation Proceedings 38:2602–5.Google ScholarPubMed
Kreutzer, M. (1987) Reaction of cirl buntings Emberiza cirlus to playback of an atypical song: The use of own and neighbors' repertoires for song recognition. Journal of Comparative Psychology 101:382–86.Google Scholar
Kroodsma, D. E. (1977) A re-evaluation of song development in the song sparrow. Animal Behaviour 25:390–99.Google Scholar
Kroodsma, D. E. (1982) Learning and the ontogeny of sound signals in birds. In: Acoustic communication in birds, ed. Kroodsma, D. E., Miller, E. H. & Ouellet, H.. Academic Press.Google Scholar
Kroodsma, D. E. (1984) Songs of the alder flycatcher (Empidonax alnorum) and willow flycatcher (Empidonax traillii) are innate. Auk 101:13–24.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kroodsma, D. E. (1985) Development and use of two song forms by the eastern phoebe. Wilson Bulletin 97:21–29.Google Scholar
Kroodsma, D. E. (1985a) Limited dispersal between dialects?: Hypotheses testable in the field. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 8:108–9.Google Scholar
Kroodsma, D. E. (1987) The design of song playback experiments. Paper presented at the national Animal Behaviour Society meeting (June), Williamstown, Mass.Google Scholar
Kroodsma, D. E. & Canady, R. A. (1985) Differences in repertoire size, singing behavior, and associated neuroanatomy among marsh wren populations have a genetic basis. Auk 102:439–46.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kroodsma, D. E. & Pickert, R. (1984a) Repertoire size, auditory templates, and selective vocal learning in songbirds. Animal Behaviour 32:395–99.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kroodsma, D. E. & Pickert, R. (1984b) Sensitive phases for song learning: Effects of social interaction and individual variation. Animal Behaviour 32:389–94.Google Scholar
Kruijt, J. P. (1985) On the development of social attachments in birds. Netherlands Journal of Zoology 35:45–62.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kruijt, J. P., Bossema, I. & Lammers, G. J. (1982) Effects of early experience and male activity on mate choice in mallard females. Behaviour 80:32–43.Google Scholar
Kruijt, J. P., ten Cate, C. J. & Meeuwissen, G. B. (1983) The influence of siblings on the development of sexual preferences of male zebra finches. Developmental Psychobiology 16:233–39.Google Scholar
Kugler, P. N., Kelso, J. A. S. & Turvey, M. T. (1982) On the control and coordination of naturally developing systems. In: The development of movement control and coordination, ed. Kelso, J. A. S. & Clark, J. E.. John Wiley.Google Scholar
Kuhn, T. S. (1961) The structure of scientific revolutions. Chicago University Press.Google Scholar
Kuo, Z.-Y. (1922) How are our instincts acquired? Psychological Review 29:344–65.Google Scholar
Kuo, Z.-Y. (1924) A psychology without heredity. Psychological Review 31:427–48.Google Scholar
Kuo, Z.-Y. (1929) The net result of the anti-heredity movement in psychology. Psychological Review 36:181–99.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kuo, Z.-Y. (1967) The dynamics of behavior development: An epigenetic view. Random House.Google Scholar
Lack, D. (1949) The significance of ecological isolation. In: Genetics, paleontology & evolution, ed. Jepsen, G., Mayr, E. & Simpson, G. G.. Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Lade, B. I. & Thorpe, W. H. (1964) Dove songs as innately coded patterns of specific behaviour. Nature 202:366–68.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lanyon, W. E. (1979) Development of song in the wood thrush (Hylocichla mustelina), with notes on a technique for hand-rearing passerines from the egg. American Museum Novitates 2666:1–27.Google Scholar
Lehrman, D. S. (1953) A critique of Konrad Lorenz's theory of instinctive behavior. Quarterly Review of Biology 28:337–63.Google Scholar
Lehrman, D. S. (1970) Semantic and conceptual issues in the nature-nurture problem. In: Development and evolution of behavior, ed. Aronson, L. R., Tobach, E., Lehrman, D. S. & Rosenblatt, J. S.. W. H. Freeman.Google Scholar
Lehrman, D. S. (1974) Can psychiatrists use ethology? In: Ethology and psychiatry, ed. White, N. F.. University of Toronto Press.Google Scholar
Lemon, R. E. (1975) How birds develop song dialects. Condor 77:385–406.Google Scholar
Lemon, R. E. & Scott, D. M. (1966) On the development of song in young cardinals. Canadian Journal of Zoology 44:191–97.Google Scholar
Lennenberg, E. (1967) Biological foundations of language. John Wiley.Google Scholar
Lerner, R. M. (1978) Nature, nurture, and dynamic interactionism. Human Development 21:1–20.Google Scholar
Lewontin, R. C. (1974) The analysis of variance and the analysis of causes. American Journal of Human Genetics 26:400–411.Google Scholar
Lewontin, R. C., Rose, S. & Kamin, L. J. (1984) Not in our genes: Biology, ideology, and human nature. Pantheon.Google Scholar
Lickliter, R. & Gottlieb, G. (1985) Social interactions with siblings is necessary for visual imprinting of species-specific maternal preferences in ducklings (Anas platyrhynchos). Journal of Comparative Psychology 99:371–79.Google Scholar
Lieberman, P. (1984) The biology and evolution of language. Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Loehle, C. (1987) Hypothesis testing in ecology: Psychological aspects and the importance of theory maturation. Quarterly Review of Biology 62:397–409.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lorenz, K. (1935) Der Kumpan in der Umwelt des Vogels. Journal für Ornithologie 83:137–213, 289–413. [Translated and abridged as: (1937) The companion in the bird's world. Auk 54:245–73.]Google Scholar
Lorenz, K. (1937) Über die Bildung des Instinktbegriffes. Naturwissenschaften 25:289–300, 307–18, 324–31. [Translated as: (1957) The nature of instinct. In: Instinctive behavior, ed. C. H. Schiller. International Universities Press.]Google Scholar
Lorenz, K. (1965) Evolution and modification of behavior. University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Margoliash, D. (1983) Acoustic parameters underlying the response of songspecific neurons in the white-crowned sparrow. Journal of Neuroscience 3:1039–57.Google Scholar
Marler, P. (1963) Inheritance and learning in the development of animal vocalizations. In: Acoustic behavior of animals, ed. Busnel, R. G.. Elsevier.Google Scholar
Marler, P. (1967) Comparative study of song development in sparrows. Proceedings of the XIVth International Ornithological Congress, pp. 231–44.Google Scholar
Marler, P. (1970a) Birdsong and speech development: Could there be parallels? American Scientist 58:669–73.Google Scholar
Marler, P. (1970b) A comparative approach to vocal learning: Song development in white-crowned sparrows. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology Monographs 71 (No. 2, Pt. 2): 1–25.Google Scholar
Marler, P. (1976) Sensory templates in species-specific behavior. In: Simpler networks and behavior, ed. Fentress, J. C.. Sinauer.Google Scholar
Marler, P. (1984) Song learning: Innate species differences in the learning process. In: The biology of learning, Dahlem Konferenzen, ed. Marler, P. & Terrace, H. S.. Springer-Verlag.Google Scholar
Marler, P. & Peters, S. (1977) Selective vocal learning in a sparrow. Science 198:519–21.Google Scholar
Marler, P. & Peters, S. (1980) Birdsong and speech: Evidence for special processing. In: Perspectives on the study of speech, ed. Eimas, P. & Miller, J.. Erlbaum.Google Scholar
Marler, P. & Peters, S. (1981) Sparrows learn adult song and more from memory. Science 213:780–82.Google Scholar
Marler, P. & Peters, S. (1982a) Subsong and plastic song: Their role in the vocal learning process. In: Acoustic communication in birds, vol. 2, ed. Kroodsma, D. E. & Miller, E. H.. Academic Press.Google Scholar
Marler, P. & Peters, S. (1982b) Developmental overproduction and selective attrition: New processes in the epigenesis of birdsong. Developmental Psychobiology 15:369–78.Google Scholar
Marler, P. & Peters, S. (1988) The role of song phonology and syntax in vocal learning preferences in the song sparrow, Melospiza melodia. Ethology 77:125–49.Google Scholar
Marler, P. & Pickert, R. (1984) Species-universal microstructure in the learned song the swamp sparrow (Melospiza melodia). Animal Behaviour 32:673–89.Google Scholar
Marler, P. & Sherman, V. (1983) Song structure without auditory feedback: Emendations of the auditory template hypothesis. Journal of Neuroscience 3:517–31.Google Scholar
Marler, P. & Sherman, V. (1985) Innate differences in singing behaviour of sparrows reared in isolation from adult conspecific song. Animal Behaviour 33:57–71.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Marler, P. & Tamura, M. (1962) Song “dialects” in three populations of white-crowned sparrows. Condor 64:368–77.Google Scholar
Marler, P. & Tamura, M. (1964) Culturally transmitted patterns of vocal behavior in sparrows. Science 146:1483–6.Google Scholar
Mayr, E. (1974) Behavior programs and evolutionary strategies. American Scientist 62:650–59.Google Scholar
McClintock, M. K. (1987) A functional approach to the behavioral endocrinology of rodents. In: Psychobiology of reproductive behavior: An evolutionary perspective, ed. Crews, D.. Prentice-Hall.Google Scholar
McGregor, P. K. & Krebs, J. R. (1982) Song types in a population of great tits (Parus major): Their distribution, abundance, and acquisition by individuals. Behaviour 79:126–52.Google Scholar
Miller, D. B. (1988) Development of instinctive behavior: An epigenetic and ecological approach. In: Handbook of behavioral neurobiology. Vol. 9: Developmental psychobiology and behavioral ecology, ed. Blass, E. M.. Plenum Press.Google Scholar
Miller, R. W. (1987) Fact and method: Explanation, confirmation and reality in the natural and social sciences. Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Millington, S. J. & Price, T. D. (1985) Song inheritance and mating patterns in Darwin's finches. Auk 102:342–46.Google Scholar
Mitchell, S. D. (1987) Competing units of selection? A case of symbiosis. Philosophy of Science 54:351–67.Google Scholar
Morton, E. S. (1975) Ecological sources of selection on avian sounds. American Naturalist 108:17–34.Google Scholar
Morton, E. S. (1982) Grading, discreteness, redundancy, and motivation-structural rules. In: Acoustic communication in birds, vol. 1, ed. Kroodsma, D. E. & Miller, E. H.. Academic Press.Google Scholar
Morton, E. S. (1986) Predictions from the ranging hypothesis for the evolution of long distance signals in birds. Behaviour 99:65–86.Google Scholar
Morton, E. S., Gish, S. L. & van der Voort, M. (1986) On the learning of degraded and undegraded songs in the Carolina wren. Animal Behaviour 34:815–20.Google Scholar
Moses, P. B. & Chua, N.-H. (1988) Light switches for plant genes. Scientific American 256(4):88–93.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Muller, R. F. & Smith, D. G. (1978) Parent-offspring interactions in zebra finches. Auk 95:485–95.Google Scholar
Mulligan, J. A. (1966) Singing behavior and its development in the song sparrow, Melospiza melodia. University of California, Berkeley, Publications in Zoology 81:1–76.Google Scholar
Mundinger, P. (1982) Microgeographic and macrogeographic variation in the acquired vocalizations of birds. In: Acoustic communication in birds, vol. 2, ed. Kroodsma, D. E. & Miller, E. H.. Academic Press.Google Scholar
Murray, B. G. Jr, (1986) The influence of philosophy on the interpretation of interspecific aggression. Condor 88:543.Google Scholar
Murray, J. D. (1988) How the leopard gets its spots. Scientific American 258(3):80–87.Google Scholar
Nicolis, G. & Prigogine, I. (1977) Self-organization in nonequilibrium systems: From dissipative structures to order through fluctuations. Wiley Interscience.Google Scholar
Nottebohm, F. (1968) Auditory experience and song development in the chaffinch, Fringilla coelebs. Ibis 110:549–68.Google Scholar
Nottebohm, F. (1975) A zoologist's view of some language phenomena with particular emphasis on vocal learning. In: Foundations of language development, vol. 1, ed. Lenneberg, E. H. & Lenneberg, E.. Academic Press.Google Scholar
Nottebohm, F. (1981) A brain for all seasons: Cyclical anatomical changes in song control nuclei in the canary brain. Science 214:1368–70.Google Scholar
Nottebohm, F. (1985) Neuronal replacement in adulthood. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 457:143–61.Google Scholar
Oppenheim, R. W. (1982) Preformation and epigenesis in the origin of the nervous system and behavior. In: Perspectives in ethology. Vol. 5: Ontogeny, ed. Bateson, P. P. G. & Klopfer, P. H.. Plenum Press.Google Scholar
Ottinger, D. R. & Tanabae, G. (1969) Maternal food restriction: Effects on offspring behavior and development. Developmental Psychobiology 2:7–9.Google Scholar
Oyama, S. (1978) The sensitive period and comprehension of speech. Working papers in Bilingualism/Travaux de Recherches sur le Bilinguisme 16:1–17. Reprinted in: NABE Journal 3(1):25–39 (1978) and in: Child-adult differences in second language acquisition, ed. S. D. Krashen, R. C. Scarcella & M. H. Long (1982). Newbury House.Google Scholar
Oyama, S. (1981) What does the phenoeopy copy? Psychological Reports 48:571–81.Google Scholar
Oyama, S. (1982) A reformulation of the idea of maturation. In: Perspectives in ethology. Vol. 5: Ontogeny, ed. Bateson, P. P. G. & Klopfer, P. H.. Plenum Press.Google Scholar
Oyama, S. (1985) The ontogeny of information: Developmental systems and evolution. Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Oyama, S. (1988a) Reply to Robert Plomin's review of The ontogeny of information. Developmental Psychobiology 21:97–100.Google Scholar
Oyama, S. (1988b) Populations and phenotypes: A review of Development, genetics, and psychology. Developmental Psychobiology 21:101–5.Google Scholar
Oyama, S. (1988c) Stasis, development and heredity. In: Process and metaphors in the new evolutionary paradigm, ed. Ho, M.-W. & Fox, S.. Wiley.Google Scholar
Oyama, S. (in press) Transmission and construction: Levels and the problem of heredity. In: Critical analyses of evolutionary theories of social behavior: Genetics and levels, ed. Greenberg, G. & Tobach, E.. Shapolsky Publishers.Google Scholar
Payne, R. B. (1981) Song learning and social interaction in indigo buntings. Animal Behaviour 29:688–97.Google Scholar
Penfield, W. & Roberts, L. (1959) Speech and brain mechanisms. Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Pepperberg, I. (1985) Social modeling theory: A possible framework for understanding avian vocal learning. Auk 102:854–64.Google Scholar
Pepperberg, I. (1988) The importance of social interaction and observation in the acquisition of communicative competence: Possible parallels between avian and human learning. In: Social learning: Psychological and biological perspectives, ed. Zentall, T. R. & Galef, B. G.. Erlbaum.Google Scholar
Peters, S. S., Searcy, W. A. & Marler, P. (1980) Species song discrimination in choice experiments with territorial male swamp and song sparrows. Animal Behaviour 28:393–404.Google Scholar
Petrinovich, L. (1988) The role of social factors in white-crowned sparrow song development. In: Social learning: Psychological and biological perspectives, ed. Zentall, T. R. & Ozlef, B. G. Jr, Erlbaum.Google Scholar
Petrinovich, L. P. & Baptista, L. (1987) Song development in the white crowned sparrow: Modification of learned song. Animal Behaviour 35:961–74.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pfaff, D. W. (1980) Estrogens and brain functions. Springer-Verlag.Google Scholar
Platt, J. R. (1964) Strong inference. Science 146:347–53.Google Scholar
Plomin, R. (1988a) A stake in the heart: A review of The ontogeny of information. Developmental Psychobiology 21:93–95.Google Scholar
Plomin, R. (1988b) Reply to Susan Oyama's review of Development, genetics, and psychology. Developmental Psychobiology 21:107–12.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Popper, K. (1959) The logic of scientific discovery. Basic Books.Google Scholar
Poulson, H. (1954) On the song of the linnet (Carduelis cannabina L.). Dansk Ornithologisk Forenings Tidsskrift 48:32–37.Google Scholar
Price, P. H. (1979) Developmental determinants of structure in zebra finch song. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology 93:260–77.Google Scholar
Quinn, J. F. & Dunham, A. E. (1983) On hypothesis testing in ecology and evolution. American Naturalist 122:602–17.Google Scholar
Quinn, W. G. & Greenspan, R. J. (1984) Learning and courtship in Drosophila: Two stories with mutants. Annual Review of Neuroscience 7:67–93.Google Scholar
Ricker, J. & Hirsch, J. (1985) Evolution of an instinct under long-term divergent selection for geotaxis in domesticated populations of Drosophila melanogaster. Journal of Comparative Psychology 99:380–90.Google Scholar
Ricker, J. & Hirsch, J. (1988a) Genetic changes occurring over 500 generations in lines of Drosophila melanogaster selected divergently for geotaxis. Behavior Genetics 18:13–25.Google Scholar
Ricker, J. & Hirsch, J. (1988b) Reversal of genetic homeostasis in laboratory populations of Drosophila melanogaster under long-term selection for geotaxis and estimates of gene correlates: Evolution of behavior-genetic system. Journal of Comparative Psychology 102:203–14.Google Scholar
Ricker, J., Hirsch, J., Holliday, M. & Vargo, M. (1986) An examination of claims for classical conditioning as a phenotype in the genetic analysis of Diptera. In: Perspectives in behavior genetics, ed. Fuller, J. L. & Simmel, E. C.. Erlbaum.Google Scholar
Rosen, D. E. & Buth, D. G. (1980) Empirical evolutionary research versus neo-Darwinian speculation. Systematic Zoology 29:300–308.Google Scholar
Rosenberg, A. (1985) The structure of biological science. Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Rothenbuhler, W. C. (1967) Genetic and evolutionary considerations of social behavior of honeybees and some related insects. In: Behavior-genetic analysis, ed. Hirsch, J.. McGraw-Hill.Google Scholar
Rothstein, S. I., Yokel, D. A. & Fleischer, R. C. (1988) The agonistic and sexual functions of vocalizations of male brown-headed cowbirds, Molothrus ater. Animal Behaviour 36:73–86.Google Scholar
Rowley, I. & Chapman, G. (1986) Cross-fostering, imprinting and learning in two sympatric species of cockatoo. Behaviour 96:1–16.Google Scholar
Scheller, R. H. & Axel, R. (1984) How genes control an innate behavior. Scientific American 250(3):54–62.Google Scholar
Scheller, R. H., Jackson, J. F., McAllister, L. B., Rothman, B. S., Mayeri, S. & Axel, R. (1983) A single gene encodes multiple neuropeptides mediating a stereotyped behavior. Cell 32(1):7–22.Google Scholar
Schleidt, W. M. (1985) Learning and the description of the environment. In: Issues in the ecological study of learning, ed. Johnston, T. D. & Pietrewicz, A. T.. Erlbaum.Google Scholar
Schneirla, T. C. (1957) The concept of development in comparative psychology. In: The concept of development: An issue in the study of human behavior, ed. Harris, D. B.. University of Minnesota Press.Google Scholar
Schneirla, T. C. (1965) Aspects of stimulation and organization in approach/withdrawal processes underlying vertebrate behavioral development. Advances in the Study of Behavior 1:1–74.Google Scholar
Schneirla, T. C. (1966) Behavioral development and comparative psychology. Quarterly Review of Biology 41:283–302.Google Scholar
Schöner, G. & Kelso, J. A. S. (1988) Dynamic pattern generation in behavioral and neural systems. Science 239:1513–20.Google Scholar
Schutz, F. (1965) Sexuelle Prägung bei Anatiden. Zeitschrift für Tierpsychologie 22:50–103.Google Scholar
Searcy, W. A. & Marler, P. (1981) A test for responsiveness to song structure and programming in female sparrows. Science 213:926–28.Google Scholar
Searcy, W. A. & Marler, P. (1987) Response of sparrows to songs of deaf and isolation-reared males: Further evidence for innate auditory templates. Developmental Psychobiology 20:509–19.Google Scholar
Searcy, W. A., Marler, P. & Peters, S. (1985) Songs of isolation-reared sparrows function in communication, but are significantly less effective than learned song. Behavioral Ecology and Sodobiology 17:223–29.Google Scholar
Segerstrale, U. (1986) Colleagues in conflict: An “in vivo” analysis of the sociobiology controversy. Biology and Philosophy 1:53–87.Google Scholar
Shatz, M. (1982) On mechanisms of language acquisition. In: Language acquisition: The state of the art, ed. Wanner, E. & Gleitman, L. R.. Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Shepherd, J. M. (1983) Neurobiotogia. Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Shiovitz, K. A. (1975) The process of species-specific song recognition by the indigo bunting, Passerina cyanea, and its relationship to the organization of avian acoustical behavior. Behaviour 55:128–79.Google Scholar
Sidman, R. L., Green, M. C. & Appel, S. H. (1965) Catalog of the neurological mutants of the mouse. Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Silvern, L. E. (1984) Emotional-behavioral disorders: A failure of system functions. In: Malformations of development: Biological and psychological sources and consequences, ed. Gollin, E. S.. Academic Press.Google Scholar
Skinner, B. F. (1957) Verbal behavior. Appleton-Century-Crofts.Google Scholar
Skinner, B. F. (1981) Selection by consequences. Science 213:501–4.Google Scholar
Slater, P. J. B., Eales, L. A. & Clayton, N. S. (1988) Song learning in zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata): Progress and prospects. Advances in the Study of Behavior 18:1–34.Google Scholar
Smotherman, W. P. & Robinson, S. R. (1986) Environmental determinants of behaviour in the rat fetus. Animal Behaviour 34:1859–73.Google Scholar
Sober, E. (1980) Holism, individualism, and the units of selection. In: Proceedings of the Philosophy of Science Association Meetings, ed. Asquith, P. & Giere, R.. Philosophy of Science Association.Google Scholar
Sober, E. (1984) The nature of selection: Evolutionary theory in philosophical focus. MIT Press.Google Scholar
Sokal, R. & Sneath, P. (1963) Principles of numerical taxonomy. W. H. Freeman.Google Scholar
Sommerhoff, G. (1950) Analytical biology. Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Sonnemann, P. & Sjölander, S. (1979) Effects of crossfostering on the sexual imprinting of the female zebra finch. Zeitschrift für Tierpsychologie 45:337–48.Google Scholar
Spitler-Nabors, K. J. & Baker, M. C. (1987) Sexual display response of female white-crowned sparrows to normal, isolate and modified conspecific songs. Animal Behaviour 35:380–86.Google Scholar
Stent, G. (1981) Strength and weakness of the genetic approach to the development of the nervous system. In: Studies in developmental neurobiology, ed. Cowan, W. M.. Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
ten Cate, C. (1982) Behavioural differences between zebra finch and Bengalese finch (foster)parents raising zebra finch offspring. Behaviour 81:152–72.Google Scholar
ten Cate, C. (1984) The influence of social relations on the development of species recognition in zebrafinch males. Behaviour 91:262–85.Google Scholar
ten Cate, C. (1985) Differences in the interactions between zebra finch and Bengalese finch parents with conspecific versus heterospecific young. Zeitschrift für Tierpsychologie 67:58–68.Google Scholar
ten Cate, C. (1985a) On sex differences in sexual imprinting. Animal Behaviour 33:1310–17.Google Scholar
ten Cate, C. (1988) Behavioural development: Towards understanding processes. In: Perspectives in ethology. Vol. 8: Whither ethology?, ed. Bateson, P. P. G. & Klopfer, P. H.. Plenum Press.Google Scholar
ten Cate, C. & Mug, G. (1984) The development of mate choice in female zebra finches. Behaviour 90:125–50.Google Scholar
Thelen, E. (1986) Treadmill-elicited stepping in seven-month-old infants. Child Development 57:1498–1506.Google Scholar
Thelen, E. (in press a) Self-organization in developmental processes: Can systems approaches work? In: Systems in development: The Minnesota Symposium in Child Psychology, vol. 22, ed. Gunnar, M.. Erlbaum.Google Scholar
Thelen, E. (in press b) On the nature of developing motor systems and the transition from prenatal to postnatal life. In: Behavior of the fetus, ed. Smotherman, W. P. & Robinson, S. R.. Telford Press.Google Scholar
Thelen, E., Kelso, J. A. S. & Fogel, A. (1987) Self-organizing systems and infant motor development. Developmental Review 7:39–65.Google Scholar
Thompson, W. L. & Rice, J. O. (1970) Calls of the indigo bunting, Passerina cyanea. Zeitschrift für Tierpsychologie 27:35–46.Google Scholar
Thorpe, W. H. (1958) The learning of song patterns by birds, with especial reference to the song of the chaffinch, Fringilla coelebs. Ibis 100:535–70.Google Scholar
Thorpe, W. H. (1964) The isolate song of two species of Emberiza. Ibis 106:115–18.Google Scholar
Tinbergen, N. (1951) The study of instinct. Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Toulmin, S. (1967) Neuroscience and human understanding. In: The neurosdences: A study program, ed. Quarton, G. C., Melnechuk, T. & Schmitt, F. O.. The Rockefeller University Press.Google Scholar
Uexküll, J. von (1909/1985) Environment [Umwelt] and inner world of animals. In: Foundations of comparative ethology, ed. Burghardt, C. M.. Van Nostrand Reinhold.Google Scholar
Uexküll, J. von (1926) Theoretical biology. Harcourt Brace.Google Scholar
Vestal, B. M. & Schnell, G. D. (1986) Influence of environmental complexity and space on social interactions of mice (Mus musculus and Peromyscus leucopus). Journal of Comparative Psychology 100:143–54.Google Scholar
Vince, M. A. (1979) Postnatal effects of prenatal sound stimulation in the guinea pig. Animal Behaviour 27:908–18.Google Scholar
Wallen, K. (1982) Influence of female hormonal state on rhesus sexual behavior varies with space for social interaction. Science 217:375–77.Google Scholar
Wallman, J. (1979) A minimal visual restriction experiment: Preventing chicks from seeing their feet affects later responses to mealworms. Developmental Psychobiology 12:391–97.Google Scholar
Wanner, E. & Cleitman, L. R., eds. (1982) Language acquisition: The state of the art. Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Waser, M. S. & Marler, P. (1977) Song learning in canaries. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology 91:1–7.Google Scholar
Werker, J. F. & Tees, R. C. (1984) Cross-language speech perception: Evidence for perceptual reorganization during the first year of life. Infant Behavior and Development 7:49–63.Google Scholar
Werner, E. E. & Gilliam, J. F. (1984) The ontogenetic niche and species interactions in size-structured populations. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 15:393–425.Google Scholar
West, M. J. & King, A. P. (1980) Enriching cowbird song by social deprivation. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology 94:263–70.Google Scholar
West, M. J. & King, A. P. (1985a) Learning by performing: An ecological theme for the study of vocal learning. In: Issues in the ecological study of learning, ed. Johnston, T. D. & Pietrewicz, A. T.. Erlbaum.Google Scholar
West, M. J. & King, A. P. (1985b) Studying dialects in songbirds: Finding the common ground. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 8:117–18.Google Scholar
West, M. J. & King, A. P. (1987) Settling nature and nurture into an ontogenetic niche. Developmental Psychobiology 20:549–62.Google Scholar
West, M. J. & King, A. P. (1987a) Coming to terms with the everyday language of comparative psychology. Nebraska Symposium on Motivation, ed. Leger, D.. University of Nebraska Press.Google Scholar
West, M. J. & King, A. P. (1988) Vocalizations of juvenile cowbirds evoke copulatory responses from females. Developmental Psychobiology.Google Scholar
West, M. J., King, A. P. & Eastzer, D. H. (1981a) The cowbird: Reflections on development from an unlikely source. American Scientist 69:57–66.Google Scholar
West, M. J., King, A. P. & Eastzer, D. H. (1981b) Validating the female bioassay of cowbird song: Relating differences in song potency to mating success. Animal Behaviour 29:490–501.Google Scholar
West, M. J., King, A. P., Eastzer, D. H. & Staddon, J. E. R. (1979) A bioassay of isolate cowbird song. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology 93:124–33.Google Scholar
Whitney, J. F. (1986) Effect of medial preoptic lesions on sexual behavior of female rats is determined by test situation. Behavioral Neuroscience 100:230–35.Google Scholar
Whitsett, J. M. & Vandenbergh, J. G. (1978) Hormonal influences on brain and behavioral development. In: Studies on the development of behavior and the nervous system. Vol. 4: Early influences, ed. Gottlieb, G.. Academic Press.Google Scholar
Wilkinson, R. (1980) Calls of nestling chaffinches, Fringilla coelebs: The use of two sound sources. Zeitschrift für Tierpsychologie 54:346–56.Google Scholar
Williams, G. C. (1966) Adaptation and natural selection. Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Yates, F. E., ed. (1987) Self-organizing systems: The emergence of order. Plenum Press.Google Scholar