Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-gvvz8 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-22T14:06:55.206Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Neurocognitive process constraints on analogy: What changes to allow children to reason like adults?

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  29 July 2008

Robert G. Morrison  and
Soohyun Cho
Robert G. Morrison
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208-2710
Soohyun Cho
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1563. [email protected]://[email protected]://shcho.bol.ucla.edu
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Analogy employs a neurocognitive working-memory (WM) system to activate and bind relational representations, integrate multiple relations, and suppress distracting information. Analogy experiments exploring these processes have used a variety of methodologies including dual tasks, neuropsychology, and functional neuroimaging, as well as experiments with children and older adults. Collectively, these experiments provide a rich set of results useful in evaluating any model of analogy and its development.

Type
Open Peer Commentary
Information
Behavioral and Brain Sciences , Volume 31 , Issue 4 , August 2008 , pp. 391 - 392
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2008

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Bunge, S. A., Wendelken, C., Badre, D. & Wagner, A. D. (2005) Analogical reasoning and prefrontal cortex: Evidence for separable retrieval and integration mechanisms. Cerebral Cortex 15:239–49.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cho, S., Holyoak, K. J. & Cannon, T. D. (2007a) Analogical reasoning in working memory: Resources shared among relational integration, interference resolution, and maintenance. Memory and Cognition 35:1445–55.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cho, S., Moody, T. D., Cannon, T. D., Poldrack, R. A., Knowlton, B. J. & Holyoak, K. J. (2007b) Neural substrates for resolving interference from semantic association in verbal analogical reasoning. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Society for NeuroscienceSan Diego, California, November 3–7, 2007.Google Scholar
Cho, S., Moody, T. D., Poldrack, R. A., Cannon, T. D., Knowlton, B. J. & Holyoak, K. J. (2007c) Neural bases of analogical reasoning: Event-related fMRI yields evidence of prefrontal substrate for relational integration and interference resolution. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Society for Cognitive NeuroscienceNew York. May 5–8, 2007.Google Scholar
Christoff, K., Prabhakaran, V., Dorfman, J., Zhao, Z., Kroger, J. K., Holyoak, K. J. & Gabrieli, J. D. E. (2001) Rostrolateral prefrontal cortex involvement in relational integration during reasoning. Neuroimage 14:1136–49.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Diamond, A. (2002) Normal development of prefrontal cortex from birth to young adulthood: Cognitive functions, anatomy, and biochemistry. In: Principles of frontal lobe function, ed. Stuss, D. T. & Knight, R. T., pp. 466–503. Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Doumas, L. A. A., Hummel, J. E. & Sandhofer, C. M. (2008) A theory of the discovery and prediction of relational concepts. Psychological Review 115:1–43.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hummel, J. E. & Holyoak, K. J. (1997) Distributed representations of structure: A theory of analogical access and mapping. Psychological Review 104(3): 427–66.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hummel, J. E. & Holyoak, K. J. (2003) A symbolic-connectionist theory of relational inference and generalization. Psychological Review 110:220–63.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kroger, J. K., Sabb, F. W., Fales, C. L., Bookheimer, S. Y., Cohen, M. S. & Holyoak, K. J. (2002) Recruitment of anterior dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in human reasoning: A parametric study of relational complexity. Cerebral Cortex 12:477–85.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Morrison, R. G. (2005) Thinking in working memory. In: Cambridge handbook of thinking and reasoning, ed. Holyoak, K. J. & Morrison, R. G., pp. 457–73. Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Morrison, R. G., Doumas, L. A. A. & Richland, L. E. (2006) The development of analogical reasoning in children: A computational account. In: Proceedings of the Twenty-eighth Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society. McNamara, D. & Trafton, G., pp. 603–608. Erlbaum.Google Scholar
Morrison, R. G., Doumas, L. A. A. & Richland, L. E. (2007) Inhibition vs. relational knowledge constraints in children's analogical reasoning: A symbolic-connectionist approach. Poster presented at the Fifth Biennial Meeting of the Cognitive Development SocietySanta Fe, New Mexico, October 26–27, 2007.Google Scholar
Morrison, R. G., Holyoak, K. J. & Truong, B. (2001) Working memory modularity in analogical reasoning. In: Proceedings of the Twenty-fourth Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society, ed. Schunn, C. D. & Gray, W., pp. 663–68. Erlbaum.Google Scholar
Morrison, R. G., Krawczyk, D., Holyoak, K. J., Hummel, J. E., Chow, T., Miller, B. & Knowlton, B. J. (2004) A neurocomputational model of analogical reasoning and its breakdown in frontotemporal dementia. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 16:260–71.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Richland, L. E., Morrison, R. G. & Holyoak, K. J. (2006) Children's development of analogical reasoning: Insights from scene analogy problems. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology 94:249–73.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Spellman, B. A., Holyoak, K. J. & Morrison, R. G. (2001) Analogical priming via semantic relations. Memory and Cognition 29:383–93.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sternberg, R. J. (1977b) Intelligence, information processing, and analogical reasoning: The componential analysis of human abilities. Erlbaum.Google Scholar
Viskontas, I. V., Morrison, R. G., Holyoak, K. J., Hummel, J. E. & Knowlton, B. J. (2004) Relational integration, inhibition, and analogical reasoning in older adults. Psychology and Aging 19:581–91.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Waltz, J. A., Knowlton, B. J., Holyoak, K. J., Boone, K. B., Mishkin, F. S., de Menezes Santos, M., Thomas, C.R. & Miller, B.L. (1999) A system for relational reasoning in human prefrontal cortex. Psychological Science 10:119–25.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Waltz, J. A., Lau, A., Grewal, S. K. & Holyoak, K. J. (2000). The role of working memory in analogical mapping. Memory and Cognition 28:1205–12.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wright, S. B., Matlen, B. J., Baym, C. L., Ferrer, E. & Bunge, S. A. (in press) Neural correlates of fluid reasoning in children and adults. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience.Google Scholar