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“Mindscoping” pain and suffering

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 August 2003

Jaak Panksepp  and
Marcia Smith Pasqualini
Jaak Panksepp
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH 43403 [email protected]
Marcia Smith Pasqualini
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, Centre for the Study of Emotions, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 2DY, United [email protected]
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Abstract

No adequate evidence exists for the evolution of facial pain expression and detection mechanisms, as opposed to social-learning processes. Although brain affective/emotional processes, and resulting whole body action patterns, have surely evolved, we should also aspire to monitor human suffering by direct neural measures rather than by more indirect indices.

Type
Brief Report
Information
Behavioral and Brain Sciences , Volume 25 , Issue 4 , August 2002 , pp. 468 - 469
Copyright
© 2002 Cambridge University Press

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