Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-dzt6s Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-22T14:44:33.124Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Dual-processing explains base-rate neglect, but which dual-process theory and how?

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  29 October 2007

Jonathan St. B. T. Evans  and
Shira Elqayam
Jonathan St. B. T. Evans
Affiliation:
Centre for Thinking and Language, School of Psychology, University of Plymouth, Plymouth PL4 8AA, United [email protected]
Shira Elqayam
Affiliation:
School of Applied Social Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, De Montfort University, Leicester LE1 9BH, United Kingdom. [email protected]://www.plymouth.ac.uk/pages/dynamic.asp?page=staffdetails&id=jevans&size=l
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

We agree that current evolutionary accounts of base-rate neglect are unparsimonious, but we dispute the authors' account of the effect in terms of parallel associative and rule-based processes. We also question their assumption that cueing of nested set relations facilitates performance due to recruitment of explicit reasoning processes. In our account, such reasoning is always involved, but usually unsuccessful.

Type
Open Peer Commentary
Information
Behavioral and Brain Sciences , Volume 30 , Issue 3 , June 2007 , pp. 261 - 262
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2007

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Cosmides, L. & Tooby, J. (1996) Are humans good intuitive statisticians after all? Rethinking some conclusions from the literature on judgment under uncertainty. Cognition 58:1–73.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Elqayam, S. (2007) Normative rationality and the is-ought fallacy. In: May, 23–27, 2007Proceedings of Second European Cognitive Science Society ConferenceDelphi, GreeceErlbaum, Vosniadou, S., Kayser, D. & Protopapas, A., pp. 294–99.Google Scholar
Evans, J. St. B. T. (2006) The heuristic-analytic theory of reasoning: Extension and evaluation. Psychonomic Bulletin and Review 13:378–95.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Evans, J. St. B. T. (2007) Hypothetical thinking: Dual process in reasoning and judgement. Psychology Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Evans, J. St. B. T., Handley, S. J., Over, D. E. & Perham, N. (2002) Background beliefs in Bayesian inference. Memory & Cognition 30:179–90.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Evans, J. St. B. T., Handley, S. J., Perham, N., Over, D. E. & Thompson, V. A. (2000) Frequency versus probability formats in statistical word problems. Cognition 77:197–213.Google Scholar
Kahneman, D. & Frederick, S. (2002) Representativeness revisited: Attribute substitution in intuitive judgment. In: Heuristics and biases: The psychology of intuitive judgment, ed. Gilovich, T., Griffin, D. & Kahneman, D., pp. 49–81. Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kahneman, D. & Frederick, S. (1973) On the psychology of prediction. Psychological Review 80:237–51.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Newstead, S. E., Handley, S. J., Harley, C., Wright, H. & Farelly, D. (2004) Individual differences in deductive reasoning. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 57A:33–60.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Reber, A. S. (1993) Implicit learning and tacit knowledge. Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Sloman, S. A. (1996a) The empirical case for two systems of reasoning. Psychological Bulletin 119:3–22.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smith, E. R. & DeCoster, J. (2000) Dual-process models in social and cognitive psychology: Conceptual integration and links to underlying memory systems. Personality and Social Psychology Review 4:108–31.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stanovich, K. E. (1999) Who is rational? Studies of individual differences in reasoning. Erlbaum.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stanovich, K. E. (2006) Is it time for a tri-process theory. Distinguishing the reflective and the algorithmic mind. In: In two minds: Dual process theories of reasoning and rationality, ed. Evans, J. St. B. T. & Frankish, K.. Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Stanovich, K. E. (1998b) Who uses base rates and P(D/¬H)? An analysis of individual differences. Memory and Cognition 28:161–79.Google Scholar
Sun, R., Slusarz, P. & Terry, C. (2005) The interaction of the explicit and the implicit in skill learning: A dual-process approach. Psychological Review 112:159–92.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed