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Dopamine, schizophrenia, mania, and depression: Toward a unified hypothesis of cortico-striatopallido-thalamic function

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  04 February 2010

Neal R. Swerdlow  and
George F. Koob
Neal R. Swerdlow
Affiliation:
Mercy Hospital and Medical Center, 4077 Fifth Ave., San Diego, Calif. 92103
George F. Koob
Affiliation:
Division of Preclinical Neuroscience and Endocrinology, Scripps Clinic and Research Foundation, La Jolla, Calif. 92037 (Reprint requests should be sent to G. F. Koob.)
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Abstract

Considerable evidence from preclinical and clinical investigations implicates disturbances of brain dopamine (DA) function in the pathophysiology of several psychiatric and neurologic disorders. We describe a neural model that may help organize theseindependent experimental observations. Cortical regions classically associated with the limbic system interact with infracortical structures, including the nucleus accumbens, ventral pallidum, and dorsomedial nucleus of the thalamus. In our model, overactivity in forebrain DA systems results in the loss of lateral inhibitory interactions in the nucleus accumbens, causing disinhibition of pallidothalamic efferents; this in turn causes rapid changes and a loss of focused corticothalamic activity in cortical regions controlling cognitive and emotional processes. These effects might be manifested clinically by some symptoms of psychoses. Underactivity of forebrain DA results in excess lateral inhibition in the nucleus accumbens, causing tonic inhibition of pallidothalamic efferents; this perpetuates tonic corticothalamic activity and prevents the initiation of new activity in other critical cortical regions. These effects might be manifested clinically by some symptoms of depression. This model parallels existing explanations for the etiology of several movement disorders, and may lead to testable inferences regarding the neural substrates of specific psychopathologies.

Keywords

antidepressantsdepressiondopaminedyskinesialimbic systemlithiummaniamovement disorderneurolepticsparkinsonismschizophrenia
Type
Target Article
Information
Behavioral and Brain Sciences , Volume 10 , Issue 2 , June 1987 , pp. 197 - 208
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1987

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