Anderson, J. A. (1977) Neural models with cognitive implications. In: Basic processes in reading, ed. LaBerge, D. & Samuels, S. J., pp. 27–90. Erlbaum. [RM]Google Scholar

Anderson, J. R. (1976) Language, memory and thought. Erlbaum. [JWH]Google Scholar

Anderson, J. R. (1978) Arguments concerning representations for mental imagery. Psychological Review 85:249–77. [MM, taDP]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Anderson, J. R. (1982a) Representational types: A tricode proposal. Technical Report # ONR-82–1. Carnegie-Mellon University. [JRA]Google Scholar

Anderson, J. R. (1982b) A proposal for the evolution of the human cognitive architecture. Carnegie-Mellon University. [JRA]Google Scholar

Anderson, J. R. (1983) The architecture of cognition. Harvard University Press. [JBA]Google Scholar

Baer, D. M. (1982) How to plan for generalization. H & H Enterprises. [DMB]Google Scholar

Barnett, C. D., Ellis, N. R. & Pryer, M. W. (1959) Stimulus pretraining and the delayed reaction in defectives. American journal of Mental Deficiency 64:104–11. [JB]Google ScholarPubMed

Bennett, J. (1971) Locke, Berkeley, Hume: Central themes. Oxford University Press. [JB]Google Scholar

Bennett, J. (1976) Linguistic behaviour. Cambridge University Press. [JB]Google Scholar

Bever, T. G. (1970) The cognitive basis for linguistic structures. In: Cognition and the development of language, ed. Hays, J. R.. John Wiley & Sons. [LH]Google Scholar

Bickerton, D. (1981) Roots of language. Karoma. [DB]Google Scholar

Block, N. (1981) Imagery. MIT Press. [NB]Google Scholar

Bower, G. H. (1970) Analysis of a mnemonic device. American Scientist 58:496–510. [taDP]Google Scholar

Brownowski, J. & Bellugi, U. (1970) Language, name, and concept. Science 168:669–73. [MM]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Carrier, J. K. (1973) Application of functional analysis and non-speech response mode to teaching language. Report 7. Kansas Center for Research in Mental Retardation aisd Human Development, Parsons. [taDP]Google Scholar

Carter, D. E. & Werner, T. J. (1978) Complex learning and information processing by pigeons: A critical analysis. Journal Experimental Analysis of Behacior 29:565–601. [taDP]Google Scholar

Chomsky, N. (1980) Rules and representations. Columbia Uisiversity Press. [DB]Google Scholar

Church, J. (1961) Language and the discovery of reality. Vintage Books. [DB]Google Scholar

Clark, H. H. (1969) Linguistic processes in deductive reasoning. Psychological Review 76:387–404. [taDP]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Conrad, R. (1959) Errors of immediate memory. British Journal of Psychology 50:349–59. [taDP]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Cooper, L. A. (1975) Mental rotation of random two-dimensional shapes. Cognitive Psychology 7:20–43. [taDP]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Cowey, A. & Weiskrantz, L. (1976) Auditory sequence discrimination in Macaca mulatta: The role of the superior temporal cortex. Neuropsychologia 14:1–10. [SHH]Google Scholar

D'Amato, M. H. & Salmon, D. P. (1982) Tune discrimination in monkeys (Cebus apella) and in rats. Animal Learning and Behavior 10:126–34. [SHH]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Deich, H. F. & Hodges, P. M. (1975) Learning from Sarah. Human Behavior, 05 1975, pp. 40–42. [taDP]Google Scholar

Denenberg, V. H. (1981) Hemispheric laterality in animals and the effects of early experience. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 4:1–49. [VHD]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Dennis, W. (1960) Causes of retardation among institutional children: Iran. Journal of Genetic Psychology 96:47–59. [VHD]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

De Villiers, J. & Naughton, J. M. (1974) Teaching a symbol language to autistic children. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 42:111–17.Google Scholar

Dewson, J. H. III, (1977) Preliminary evidence of hemispheric asymmetry of auditory function in monkeys. In: Lateralization in the nervous system, ed. Harnad, S., Doty, R. W., Goldstein, L., Jaynes, J. & Krauthamer, C., pp. 63–71. Academic Press. [VHD]Google Scholar

Dewson, J. H., (1978) Some behavioral effects of removal of superior temporal cortex in the monkey. In: Recent advances in prinatology, vol. 1: Behaviour, ed. Chivers, D. & Herbert, J., pp. 763–68. Academic Press. [VHD]Google Scholar

Fodor, J. (1975) The language of thought. Crowell. [NB]Google Scholar

Fodor, J. (1977) Some reflection on L. S. Vygotsky's Thought and language Cognition 1:83–85. [taDP]Google Scholar

Fountain, S. B. & Hulse, S. H. (1981) Extrapolation of serial stimulus patterns by rats. Animal Learning and Behavior 9:381–84. [SHH]Google Scholar

Freyd, J. J. (1982a) Perceiving the dynamics of a static form. Submitted for publication. [JJF]Google Scholar

Freyd, J. J. (1982b) The mental representation of movement when viewing static stimuli. Submitted for publication. [JJF]Google Scholar

Freyd, J. J. & Finke, R. A. (1982) Representational momentum. Submitted for publication. [JJF]Google Scholar

Gardner, B. T. & Gardner, R. A. (1974) Comparing the early utterances of child and chimpanzee. In: Minnesota symposium on child psychology, vol. 8, ed. Pick, A.. University of Minnesota Press. [LH]Google Scholar

Gardner, B. T. (1980) Two comparative psychologists look at language acquisition. In: Children's language, ed. Nelson, K., pp. 331–69. Gardner Press. [LH]Google Scholar

Gardner, B. A. & Gardner, B. T. (1969) Teaching sign language to a chimpanzee. Science 165:664–72. [LH, AK-S]Google Scholar

Gardner, B. A. & Gardner, B. T. (1978) Comparative psychology and language acquisition. Annals of the New York Academy of Science 309:33–77. [DB, LH]Google Scholar

Gelb, I. J. (1952) A study of writing: The foundations of grammatology. University of Chicago Press. [taDP]Google Scholar

Gelman, R., Bullock, M. & Meck, E. (1980) Preschoolers' understanding of simple object transformations. Child Development 51:691–99. [taDP]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Gibson, J. J. (1966) The problem of temporal order in stimulation and perception. Journal of Psychology 62:141–49. [JJF]Google Scholar

Gillan, D. J. (1981) Reasoning in the chimpanzee. 2. Transitive inference. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes 7:150–64. [taDP]Google Scholar

Gillan, D. J., Premack, D. & Woodruff, G. (1981) Reasoning in the chimpanzee 1. Analogical reasoning. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes 7:1–17. [taDP]Google Scholar

Glucksberg, S. & Weisberg, R. W. (1966) Verbal behavior and problem solving: Some effects of labeling in a functional fixedness problem. Journal of Experimental Psychology 71:659–64. [DB]Google Scholar

Grant, D. S. (1982) Prospective versus retrospective coding of samples of stimuli, responses, and reinforcers in delayed matching with pigeons. Learning and Motication 13:265–80. [HLR]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Griffin, D. R. (1976) The question of animal awareness. Rockefeller University Press. [DB]Google Scholar

Hayes-Roth, B. & Hayes-Roth, F. (1975) Plasticity in memorial networks. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior 14:506–22. [JWH]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Hayes-Roth, B. (1979) A cognitive model of planning. Cognitive Science 3:275–310. [JRA]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Herrnstein, R. J. (1979) Acquisition, generalization, and discrimination reversal of a natural concept. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes 5:116–29. [taDP]Google Scholar

Herrnstein, H. & Loveland, D. (1964) Complex visual concept in the pigeon. Science 175. [NB]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Honig, W. K. (1965) Discrimination, generalization, and transfer on the basis of stimulus differences. In: Stimulus generalization, ed. Mostofsky, D. J.. Stanford University Press. [taDP]Google Scholar

Hughes, J. (1975) Acquisition of a nonvocal language by aphasic children. Cognition 3:41–55. [taDP]Google Scholar

Hulse, S. H., Cynx, J. & Humpal, J. (in press) Cognitive processing of pitch and rhythm structures by birds. In Animal cognition, ed. Roitblat, H. L., Bever, T. C. & Terrace, H. S.. Eribaum. [SHH]Google Scholar

Hulse, S. H. & Dorsky, N. P. (1977) Structural complexity as a determinant of serial pattern learning. Learning and Motivation 8:488–506. [SHH]Google Scholar

Hulse, S. H. (1979) Serial pattern learning by rats: Transfer of a formally defined stimulus relationslsip and the significance of nonreinforcement. Animal Learning and Behavior 7:211–20. [SHH]Google Scholar

Hulse, S. H. & O'Leary, D. K. (1982) Serial pattern learning: Teaching an alphabet to rats. Journal of Experintental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes 8:260–73. [SHH]Google Scholar

Hunt, J. McV., Mohandessi, K., Ghodssi, M. & Akiyama, M. (1976) The psychological development of orphanage-reared infants: Interventions with outcomes (Tehran). Genetic Psychology Monographs 94:177–226. [VHD]Google Scholar

Hutehinson, J. W. (1981) Network representations of psychological relations. Unpublished dissertation. [JWH]Google Scholar

Huttenlocher, J. (1968) Constructing spatial images: A strategy in reasoning. Psychological Review 75:550–60. [taDP]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Johansson, C. (1975) Visual motion perception. Scientific American 232:76–88. [JJF]Google Scholar

Jones, M. R. (1978) Auditory patterns: Studies in the perception of structure. In: Handbook of perception, vol. 8, ed. Carterette, E. C. & Friedman, M. P., pp. 255–88. Academic Press. [SHH]Google Scholar

Karmiloff-Smith, A. (1982) Modifications in children's representational systems and levels of accessing knowledge. In: Knowledge and representation, ed. de Gelder, B.. Routledge & Kegan Paul. [AK-S]Google Scholar

Kesner, R. P. & Novak, J. M. (1981) Memory for lists of items us rats: Role of the hippocampus. Society for Neuroscience Abstracts 7:237. [taDP]Google Scholar

Köhler, W. (1925) Mentality of apes. Harcourt. [taDP]Google Scholar

Kosslyn, S. M. (1973) Scanning visual images: Some structural implications. Perception and Psychophysics 14:90–94. [taDP]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Kosslyn, S. M., Pinker, S., Smith, C. E. & Shwartz, C. (1979) On the demystification of mental imagery. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 2:535–48. [taDP]Google Scholar

Ladygiua-Kohts, N. N. (1935) Infant ape and human child. Moscow: Museum Darwinianum. [taDP]Google Scholar

Lawrence, D. H. & De Rivera, J. (1954) Evidence for relational transposition. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology 47:465–71. [taDP]Google Scholar

Lawrence, D. H. & Mason, W. A. (1955) Systematic behavior during discrimination reversal and change of dimension. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology 48:267–71. [taDP]Google Scholar

Mackintosh, N. J. (1962) The effect of overtraining on a reversal and a nonreversal shift. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology 55:555–59. [taDP]Google Scholar

Maier, N. R. F. (1929) Reasoning in white rats. Comparative Psychology Monographs 6:1–93. [taDP]Google Scholar

Marschark, M. & Yuille, J. (in press) Concerning the role of insagery in cognition and memory. International Review of Mental Imagery. [MM]Google Scholar

McClure, M., Gillan, D. J., Woodruff, G., Thompson, R. & Premack, D.Comparison of “natural reasoning” in children and chimpanzees. In preparation. [taDP]Google Scholar

McCulloch, W. S. (1965) Embodiments of mind. MIT Press. [SFW]Google Scholar

Meyer, D. R. (1971) The habits and concepts of monkeys. In: Cognitive processes in nonhuman primates, ed. Jarrard, L. E., pp. 85–102. Academic Press. [TRZ]Google Scholar

Morris, C. (1938) Foundations of the theory of signs. University of Chicago Press. [MM]Google Scholar

Murdock, B. B. Jr, (1979) Convolution and correlation in perception and memory. In: Perspectives on memory research, ed. Nilsson, L.-G., pp. 105–19. Erlbaum. [RM]Google Scholar

Osgood, C. E. (1953) Method and theory in experimental psychology. Oxford University Press. [SFW]Google Scholar

Paivio, A. (1971) Imagery and cerbal processes. Holt, Rinchart & Winston. [JWH]Google Scholar

Paivio, A. (1975) Perceptual comparisons through the mind's eye. Memory and Cognition 3:635–48. [taDP]Google Scholar

Palmer, S. E. (1977) Fundamental aspects of cognitive representation. In: Cognition and categorization, ed. Rosch, E. & Lloyd, B. B., pp. 262–303. Erlbaum. [RM]Google Scholar

Passingham, R. (1982) The human primate. W. H. Freeman. [SFW]Google Scholar

Peterson, G. B. & Trapold, M. A. (1980) Effects of altering outcome expectancies on pigeon's delayed conditional discrimination performance. Learning and Motivation 11:267–88. [HLR]Google Scholar

Piaget, J. (1952) The origins of intelligence in children. International University Press. [taDP]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Posner, M. I. (1975) Psychobiology of attention. In: Handbook of psychobiology, ed. Gazzaniga, M. & Blakemore, C.. Academic Press. [taDP]Google Scholar

Premack, D. (1971) Language in chimpanzee? Science 172:808–22. [LH, taDP]Google Scholar

Premack, D. (1975) Putting a face together. Science 188:228–36. [taDP]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Premack, D. (1976) Intelligence in ape and man. Erlbaum. [taDP, WAR]Google Scholar

Premack, D. (1978) On the abstractness of human concepts: Why it would be difficult to talk to a pigeon. In: Cognitive processes in animal behavior, ed. Hulse, S. H., Fowler, H. & Honig, W. K.. Erlbaum. [taDP]Google Scholar

Premack, D. (1980) Characteristics of an upgraded mind. In Michaelis, W. (Ed.) Bericht über den 32. Kongress der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Psychologie in Zürich 1:49–70. [taDP]Google Scholar

Premack, D. (1982) Judgment its children and chimpanzees: Studies in consciousness? Paper presented at Cognitive Science Society, Ann Arbor, Michigan. [taDP]Google Scholar

Premack, D. (in press) Upgrading an ape's mind. In: Language, thought, and behavior, ed. Bever, T. G., Carrol, J. M. & Miller, L. A.. MIT Press. [taDP]Google Scholar

Premack, D. & McClure, M. (in preparation) Nonverbal analogies in children and chimpanzee. [taDP]Google Scholar

Premack, D. & Premack, A. J. (in press) The Mind of an ape. Norton. [taDP]Google Scholar

Premack, D. & Woodruff, G. (in preparation a) Analysis of causal action in chimpanzees. [taDP]Google Scholar

Premack, D. & Woodruff, G. (in preparation b) Judgment of order in chimnpanzee. [taDP]Google Scholar

Pribram, K. H. (1977) Some comments on the nature of the perceived universe. In: Perceiving, acting, and knowing: Towards an ecological psychology, ed. Shaw, R. & Bransford, J., pp. 83–101. Erlbaum. [RM]Google Scholar

Pylyshyn, Z. W. (1973) What the mind's eye tells the mind's brain: A critique of mental imagery. Psychological Bulletin 80:1–24. [MM, taDP]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Pylyshyn, Z. W. (1980) Computation and cognition: Issues in the foundation of cognitive science. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 3:111–32. [taDP]Google Scholar

Pylyshyn, Z. W. (1981) The imagery debate: Analogue media versus tacit knowledge. Psychological Review 88:16–45. [JWH]Google Scholar

Quine, W. V. (1960) Word and object. MIT Press. [JB]Google Scholar

Restle, F. (1970) Theory of serial pattern learning: Structural trees. Psychological Review 77:481–95. [SHH]Google Scholar

Roberts, S. (1982) Cross-modal use of an internal clock. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes 8:2–22. [taDP]Google Scholar

Roitblat, H. L. (1980) Codes and coding processes in pigeon short-term memory. Animal Learning and Behavior 8:341–51. [HLR]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Roitblat, H. L. (1982) The meaning of representation its animal memory. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 5:353–72. [HLR]Google Scholar

Sands, S. F. & Wright, A. A. (1980a) Primate memory: Retention of serial list items by a rhesus monkey. Science 209:938–40. [WAR]Google Scholar

Sands, S. F. & Wright, A. A. (1980b) Serial probe recognitions Performance by a rhesus monkey and a human with 10- and 20-item lists. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes 6:386–96. [WAR]Google Scholar

Savage-Rumbaugh, E. S., Rumbaugh, D. M. & Boysen, S. (1980) Do apes use language? American Scientist 68:49–61. [WAR[Google Scholar

Scribner, S. & Cole, M. (1981) Psychology of literacy. Harvard University Press. [LH]Google Scholar

Sebeok, T. A. & Umiker-Sebeok, J., eds. (1980) Speaking of apes. Plenum Press. [DB]Google Scholar

Shepard, R. N. (1975) Form, formation, and transformation of internal representations. In: Information processing and cognition: The Loyola symposium, ed. Solso, R., pp. 87–122. Erlbaum. [JJF, taDP]Google Scholar

Shepard, R. N. (1978) The mental image. American Psychologist 37:123–37. [taDP[Google Scholar

Shepard, R. N. (1981) Psychophysical complementarity. In: Perceptual organization, ed. Kubovy, M. & Pomerantz, J. B., pp. 279–341. Erlbaum. [JJF, JWH]Google Scholar

Shepard, R. N. & Chipman, S. (1970) Second-order isomorphism of internal representations: Shapes of states. Cognitive Psychology 1:1–17 [JJF]Google Scholar

Shepard, R. N. & Metzler, J. (1971) Mental rotation of three-dimensional objects. Science 171:701–3. [taDP]Google Scholar

Shepp, B. E. & Eimas, P. D. (1964) Intradimensional and extradimensional shifts in the rat. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology 57:357–61. [taDP]Google Scholar

Simon, H. A. (1975) The functional equivalence of problem solving skills. Cognitive Psychology 7:268–88. [JRA]Google Scholar

Skinner, B. F. (1950) Are theories of learning necessary? Psychological Review 57:193–216. [taDP]Google Scholar

Skinner, B. F. (1957) Verbal Behavior. Appleton-Century-Crofts. [DMB, MM]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Spiker, C. C. (1956) Stimulus pretraining and subsequent performance in the delayed reaction experiments. Journal of Experimental Psychology 51: 107–11. [DB]Google Scholar

Straub, R. O., Seidenberg, M. S., Bever, T. G. & Terrace, H. S. (1979) Serial learning in the pigeon. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior 32:137–48. [taDP]Google Scholar

Terrace, H. S. (1979) Nim. Knopf. [DB]Google Scholar

Terrace, H. S. (1979) Is problem-solving language? Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior 31:161–75. [WAR]Google Scholar

Terrace, H. S., Petitto, L. A., Saunders, R. J. & Bever, T. G. (1979) Can an ape create a sentence? Science 206:891–900. [DB, WAR]Google Scholar

Tolman, E. C. (1932) Purposive behavior in animals and men. Appleton-Century. [taDP]Google Scholar

Tversky, A. (1977) Features of similarity. Psychological Review 84:327–53. [RM]Google Scholar

Uzgiris, I. C. & Hunt, J. McV. (1975) Assessment in infancy: Ordinal scales of psychological development. University of Illinois Press. [VHD]Google Scholar

Velettri-Glass, A., Gazzaniga, M. & Premack, D. (1973) Artificial language training in global aphasics. Neuropsychologia 11:95–103. [taDP]Google Scholar

Walker, S. F. (1982) Animal thought. Routledge and Kegan Paul. [SFW]Google Scholar

Warner, S. A. & Griggs, R. A. (1980) Processing partially ordered information. Journal of Experimental Psychology: human Learning and Memory 6:741–53. [JWH]Google Scholar

Weissman, R. G., Wasserman, E. A., Dodd, P. W. D. & Larew, M. B. (1980) Representation and retention of two-event sequences in pigeons. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes 6:312–25. [taDP]Google Scholar

Woodruff, G. & Premack, D. (1981) Primitive mathimatical concepts in the chimpanzee: Proportionality and numerosity. Nature 293:568–70. [taDP]Google Scholar

Wright, A. A. & Cumming, W. A. (1971) Color naming functions for the pigeon. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior 15:7–17. [HLR]Google Scholar

Wright, A. A. (1982) Monkey and pigeon serial probe recognition performance: Effects of item pool size on proactive interference and item-specific associations. Paper presented at the Harry Frank Guggenheim Conference on Animal Cognition, Columbia University, June, 1982. [WAR]Google Scholar

Wright, A. A., Santiago, H. C., Sands, S. F. & Urcuioli, P. J. (in press) Pigeon and monkey serial probe recognition: Acquisition, strategies, and serial position effects. In: Animal cognition, ed. Terrace, H., Bever, T. & Roitblat, H.. Erlbaum. [TRZ]Google Scholar

Yuille, J. & Marschark, M. (1982) Imagery effects on memory: Theoretical interpretations. In: Imagery: Current theory, research, and application, ed. Sheikh, A.. Wiley. [MM]Google Scholar

Zentall, T. R., Edwards, C. A., Moore, B. S. & Hogan, D. E. (1981) Identity: The basis for matching and oddity learning in pigeons. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes 7:70–86. [taDP]Google Scholar

Zentall, T. R. & Hogan, D. E. (1974) Abstract concept learning in the pigeon. Journal of Experimental Psychology 102:393–98.Google Scholar

Zentall, T. R. (1976) Pigeons can learn identity, difference, or both. Science 191:408–9. [TRZ]Google Scholar

Zentall, T. R. (1978) Same/different concept learning in the pigeon: The effect of negative instances and prior adaptation to the transfer stimuli. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior 30:177–86. [TRZ]Google Scholar

Zentall, T. R., Hogan, D. E. & Edwards, C. A. (in press) Cognitive factors in conditional learning by pigeons. In: Animal Cognition, ed. Terrace, H., Bever, T. & Roitblat, H.. Erlbaum. [TRZ]Google Scholar

Zimmer, A. (1982) Do we see what makes our script characteristic or do we only feel it? Modes of sensory control in handwriting. Psychological Research 44:165–74. [JJF]Google Scholar