Hostname: page-component-745bb68f8f-grxwn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-02-04T00:52:50.632Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

What does language acquisition tell us about language evolution?

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 May 2011

Paul Bloom
Paul Bloom
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, Electronic mail: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.
Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'
Type
Open Peer Commentary
Information
Behavioral and Brain Sciences , Volume 14 , Issue 4 , December 1991 , pp. 553 - 554
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1991

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Aksu-Koc, A. A. & Slobin, D. I. (1985) The acquisition of Turkish. In: The crosslinguistic study of language acquisition, vol. 1, ed. Erlbaum, D. I. Slobin. [rPMG, PB]Google Scholar
Alexander, M. P., Naeser, M. A. & Palumbo, C. L. (1987) Correlations of subcortical CT lesion sites and aphasia profiles. Brain 110: 961–91. [PL]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Anderson, J. R. (1985) Development of tool-use to obtain food in a captive group of Macaca tonkeana. journal of Human Evolution 14:637–45. [JRA]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Anderson, J. R. (1990) Use of objects as hammers to open nuts by capuchin monkeys (Cebus apella). Folia Primtologica 54:138–45. [JRA]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Anderson, S., Darnasio, H., Tranel, D. & Damasio, A. (1988) Neuropsychological correlates of bilateral frontal lobe lesions in humans. Society of Neuroscience 14. [JG]Google Scholar
Antinucci, F. (1989) Cognitive structure and development in nonhuman primates. Erlbaum. [DMF, TWD]Google Scholar
Baddeley, A. & Wilson, B. (1988) Frontal amnesia and the dysexecutive syndrome. Brain and Cognition 7. [JG]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Barbas, H. & Mesulani, M. M. (1981) Organization of afferent input to subdivisions of area 8 of the rhesus monkey. Journal of Comparative Neurology 200:407–31. [TWD]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Barbas, H. & Mesulani, M. M. (1985) Cortical afferent input to the principalis region of the rhesus monkey. Neuroscience 15:619–37. [TWD]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barkow, J. H. (1989) Darwin, sex and status: Biological approaches to mind and culture. University of Toronto Press. [KRG]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bates, E. (1976) Language and context: The acquisition of pragmatics. Academic Press. [JCG]Google Scholar
Bates, E. (1979) On the evolution and development of symbols. In: The emergence of symbols: Cognition and communication in infancy, ed. Bates, E.. Academic Press. [aPMG, JCG, RMG, MT]Google Scholar
Bates, E. (1988) Symbols and syntax. Paper presented at the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development symposium, Biobehavioral foundation of language development, Leesburg, Virginia, June. [aPMG]Google Scholar
Bates, E. & Snyder, L. (1987) The cognitive hypothesis in language development. In: Infant performance and experience: New findings with the ordinal scales, ed. Uzgiris, I. C. & Hunt, J. M.. University of Illinois Press. [JCG]Google Scholar
Bates, E. & Thal, D. (1989) Associations and dissociations in language development. Technical Report 89-03. University of California at San Diego, project in cognitive and neural development. [aPMG]Google Scholar
Bates, E., Camaioni, L. & Volterra, V. (1975) The acquisition of performatives prior to speech. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly 21:205–26. [JCG]Google Scholar
Bates, E., Friederici, A. & Wulfeck, B. (1987) Comprehension in aphasia: A cross-linguistic study. Brain and Language 32:19–67. [aPMG]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bates, E., Benigni, L., Bretherton, I., Camaioni, L. & Volterra, V. (1979) Cognition and communication from nine to thirteen months: Correlational findings. In: The emergence of symbols: Cognition and communication in infancy, ed. Bates, E.. Academic Press. [JCG]Google Scholar
Baum, S. R., Blumstein, S. E., Naeser, M. A. & Palumbo, C. L. (1990) Temporal dimensions of consonant and vowel production: An acoustic and CT scan analysis of aphasic speech. Brain and Language 37:327–38. [PL]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Beagles-Roos, J. & Greenfield, P. M. (1979) Development of structure and strategy in two-dimensional pictures. Developmental Psychology 15(5):483–94. [aPMG]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Beck, B. B. (1980) Animal tool behavior. Garland STPM Press. [JRA]Google Scholar
Bellugi, U., Bihrle, A., Trauner, D., Jernigan, T. & Doherty, S. (1990) Neuropsychological, neurological, and neuroanatomical profile of Williams syndrome. American Journal of Medical Genetics, supplement 6:115–25. [rPMG]Google ScholarPubMed
Bellugi, U., Marks, S., Bihrle, A. M. & Sabo, H. (1988) Dissociation between language and cognitive functions in Williams syndrome. In: Language development in exceptional circumstances, ed. Bishop, D. & Mogford, K.. Churchill Livingstone. [AK-S]Google Scholar
Benson, D. F. & Geschwind, N. (1985) Aphasia and related disorders: A clinical approach. In: Principles of behavioral neurology, ed. Mesulam, M. M.. Davis, F. A.. [PL]Google Scholar
Benson, D. F. & Stuss, D. T. (1989) Theories of frontal lobe function. In: Neurology and psychiatry: A meeting of minds, ed. Mueller, J.. Karger, S.. [aPMG]Google Scholar
Bever, T. G., Carrithers, C.Cowart, W. & Townsend, D. J. (in press) Tales of two sites: The quasimodality of language. In: Neurology and language, ed. Galabruda, A.. MIT Press. [PB]Google Scholar
Bickerton, D. (1984) The language bioprogram hypothesis. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 7:173–88. [aPMG]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bickerton, D. (1990) Language and species. University of Chicago Press. [aPMG, DB, TWD]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bickerton, D. (1990) The pace of syntactic acquisition. Proceedings of the 17th Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society. [DB]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Blinkoff, S. M. & Glezner, I. I. (1968) The human brain in figures and tables. Plenum Press. [RWT]Google Scholar
Bloom, L. (1973) One word at a time: The use of single-word utterances before syntax. Mouton. [aPMG]Google Scholar
Bloom, P. (1990a) Syntactic distinctions in child language. Journal of Child Language 17:343–56. [aPMG]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bloom, P. (1990b) Subjectless sentences in child language. Linguistic Inquiry 21:491–504. [PB]Google Scholar
Boehm, C. (1988) Behaviour of chimpanzees at Gombe. Paper presented at NATO Advanced Study Institute and meeting of the Language Origins Society, Cortona, Italy, July. [arPMG]Google Scholar
Boehm, C. (1989) Methods for isolating chimpanzee vocal communication. In: Understanding chimpanzees, ed. Heltne, P. G. V. & Marquandt, L. A.. Harvard University Press. [rPMG]Google Scholar
Boesch, C. & Boesch, H. (1990) Transmission aspects of tool use in wild chimpanzees. Paper presented at the Wenner-Gren Foundation for Anthropological Research International Symposium 110, Tools, language and intelligence: Evolutionary Implications. Cascais, Portugal, March.* [arPMG]Google Scholar
Borer, H. & Wexler, K. (1987) The maturation of syntax. In: Parameter setting, ed. Roeper, T. & Williams, E.. Reibel, D.. [aPMG]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brooks, V. B. (1986) The neural basis of motor control. Oxford University Press. [aPMG]Google Scholar
Brown, R. (1973) A first language: The early stages. Harvard University Press. [aPMG]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brown, R. (1976) Development of a first language in the human species. American Psychologist 28:97–106. [aPMG]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bruner, J. S. (1968) Processes of cognitive growth: Infancy. Clark University Press. [rPMG]Google Scholar
Bruner, J. S. (1975) From communication to language - A psychological perspective. Cognition 3:255–87. [JCG]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bruner, J. S. (1990) Acts of meaning. Harvard University Press. [MT]Google Scholar
Bruner, J. S. & Bruner, B. M. (1968) On voluntary action and its hierar'chical structure. International Journal of Psychology 3(4):239–55. [aPMG]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bryan, W. L. & Harter, N. (1899) Studies on the telegraphic language. Psychological Review 6:345–75. [rPMG]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bullock, M. (1990) Developmental psychology colloquium, University of California, Los Angeles, November. [aPMG]Google Scholar
Byrne, R. & Whiten, A., eds. (1988) Machiavellian intelligence. Oxford University Press. [JCG]Google Scholar
Byrne, R. W. (1990) Review of Teaching sign language (by R. A. Gardner, B. T. Gardner & T. E. Van Cantfort). Animal Behaviour. [RAG]Google Scholar
Calvin, W. H. (1982) Did throwing stones shape hominid brain evolution? Ethology and Sociobiology 3:115–24. [WN]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Calvin, W. H. (1990) The unitary hypothesis: A common neural circuitry for novel manipulations, language, plan-ahead, and insight. Paper presented at the Wenner-Gren Foundation for Anthropological Research International Symposium 110, Tools, language and intelligence: Evolutionary implications. Cascais, Portugal.* [aPMG]Google Scholar
Caplan, D. (1987) Neurolinguistics and linguistic aphasiology: An introduction. Cambridge University Press. [JG]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Caplan, D., Baker, C. & Dehaut, F. (1985) Syntactic determinants of sentence comprehension in aphasia. Cognition 21:117–75. [rPMG]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Caramazza, A. & Miceli, G. (1991) The structure of the lexicon: Functional architecture and lexical representation. In: Morphology, phonology, and aphasia, ed. Nespoulos, J. & Villiard, P.. Springer-Verlag. [JG]Google Scholar
Case, R. (1985) Intellectual development: Birth to adulthood. Academic Press. [JCG]Google Scholar
Cavada, C. & Goldman-Rakic, P. (1989) Posterior parietal cortex in rhesus monkey: II. Evidence for segregated corticocortical networks linking sensory and limbic areas with the frontal lobe. Journal of Comparative Neurology 287:422–45. [TWD]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cheney, D. L. & Seyfarth, R. M. (1990) How monkeys see the world. University of Chicago Press. [MDH, WN]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chevalier-Skolnikoff, S. (1989) Spontaneous tool use and sensorimotor intelligence in Cebus compared with other monkeys and apes. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 12:561–627. [DMF]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chomsky, N. (1957) Syntactic structures. Mouton. [aPMG]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chomsky, N. (1965) Aspects of the theory of syntax. MIT Press. [aPMG]Google Scholar
Chomsky, N. (1967) The formal nature of language. In: Biological foundations of language, ed. Lenneberg, E. H.. Wiley. [RAG]Google Scholar
Chomsky, N. (1972) Language and mind. Harcourt, Brace & World. [aPMG]Google Scholar
Chomsky, N. (1975) Reflections on language. Pantheon. [PL]Google Scholar
Chomsky, N. (1976) On the nature of language. In: Origins and evolution of language and speech, ed. Steklis, H. B., Harnad, S. R. & Lancaster, J.. New York Academy of Sciences. [PL]Google Scholar
Chomsky, N. (1979) Human language and other semiotic systems. Semiotica 31–44. [RAG]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chomsky, N. (1980a) Rules and representations. Columbia University Press. [aPMG, PB]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chomsky, N. (1980b) Initial states and steady states. In: Language and learning: The debate between Jean Piaget and Noam Chomsky, ed. Piattelli-Palmarini, M.. Harvard University Press. [PL]Google Scholar
Chomsky, N. (1986) Knowledge of language: Its nature, origin and use. Prager. [BJ, PL]Google Scholar
Conel, J. L. (1955) The postnatal development of the human cerebral cortex, vol. 5: The cortex of the fifteen-month infant. Harvard University Press. [RWT]Google Scholar
Conel, J. L. (1959) The postnatal development of the human cerebral cortex, vol. 6: The cortex of the twenty-four-month infant. Harvard University Press. [RWT]Google Scholar
Conel, J. L. (1963) The postnatal development of the human cerebral cortex, vol. 7: The cortex of the four-year child. Harvard University Press. [RWT]Google Scholar
Conel, J. L. (1967) The postnatal development of the human cerebral cortex, vol. 8; The cortex of the six-year child. Harvard University Press. [RWT]Google Scholar
Connolly, K. J. (1970) Skill development: problems and plans. In: Mechanisms of motor skill development, ed. Connolly, K. J.. Academic Press. [KJC]Google Scholar
Connolly, K. J. & Dalgleish, M. (1989) The emergence of a tool-using skill in infancy. Developmental Psychology 25(6):894–912. [arPMG, KJC]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Connolly, K. J. & Dalgleish, M. (in press) Individual patterns of tool use by infants. In: Motor development in early and later childhood: Longitudinal approaches, ed. Kalverboer, A. F., Hopkins, B. & Grueze, R. H.. Cambridge University Press. [rPMG, KJC]Google Scholar
Cromer, R. F. (1983) Hierarchical planning disability in the drawings and constructions of a special group of severely aphasic children. Brain and Cognition 2:144–64. [aPMG]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Curtiss, S. (1977) Genie: A psycholinguistic study of a modern-day “wild child.” Academic Press. [aPMG]Google Scholar
Curtiss, S. & Yamada, J. (1981) Selectively intact grammatical development in a retarded child. UCLA Working Papers in Cognitive Linguistics 3:61–91. [arPMG]Google Scholar
Curtiss, S., Yamada, J. & Fromkin, V. (1979) How independent is language? On the question of formal parallels between grammar and action. UCLA Working Papers in Cognitive Linguistics 1:131–57. [arPMG]Google Scholar
Darwin, C. (1859/1964) On the origin of species. Reprinted by Harvard University Press. [RMG, PL]Google Scholar
Davidson, I. (1991) The archaeology of language origins: A review. Antiquity 65. [WN]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Davidson, I. & Noble, W. (1989) The archaeology of perception: Traces of depiction and language. Current Anthropology 30:125–55. [WN]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Davidson, I. & Noble, W. (1990) Tools, humans, and evolution: The relevance of the Upper Palaeolithic. Paper pre-circulated and presented to the Wenner-Green Foundation Symposium, Tools, Language and Intelligence: Evolutionary Implications. Cascais, Portugal, March.* [WN]Google Scholar
Davidson, I. & Solomon, S. (1990) Was OH7 a crocodile victim? In: Problem solving in taphonomy, ed. Solomon, S., Davidson, I. & Watson, D.. Tempus 2, Anthropology Museum, University of Queensland. [WN]Google Scholar
Davis, B. L. & MacNeilage, P. F. (1980) Acquisition of correct vowel production: A quantitative case study. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research 33:16–27. [PFM]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Deacon, T. W. (1984) Connections of the inferior periarcuate area in the brain of Macaca fascicularis: An experimental and comparative investigation of language circuitry and its evolution. Ph.D. thesis, Harvard University. [TWD]Google Scholar
Deacon, T. W. (1988) Human brain evolution II. Embryology and brain allometry. In: Intelligence and evolutionary biology, NATO Advanced Study Institute series, ed. Jerison, H. J. & Jerison, I.. Springer. [PL]Google Scholar
Deacon, T. W. (1989) The neural circuitry underlying primate cells and human language. Human Evolution 5:367–401. [aPMG, TWD]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Deacon, T. W. (1990a) Brain-language coevolution. In: The evolution of human languages, SFI studies in the sciences of complexity, proceedings, vol. 10, ed. Hawkins, J. A. & Gellman, M.. Addison-Wesley. [aPMG, TWD]Google Scholar
Deacon, T. W. (1990b) Rethinking mammalian brain evolution. American Zoologist 30:629–705. [aPMG]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Deacon, T. W. (1990c) The neural circuitry underlying primate calls and human language. In: The origin of language, proceedings of a NATO/Advanced Study Institute, ed. Chiarelli, B. A., Lieberman, P. & Wind, J.. II Sedicesimo. [PL]Google Scholar
Deacon, T. W. (in press) Cortical connection of the inferior arcuate sulcus cortex in the macaque brain. Brain Research. [aPMG]Google Scholar
DeLong, M. R., Georgopoulos, A. P. & Crutcher, M. D. (1983) Cotico-basal ganglia relations and coding of motor performance. In: Neural coding of motor performance. Experimental brain research, Supplement 7, ed. Massion, j., Paillard, J., Schultz, W. & Wiesendanger, M.. Springer. [PL]Google Scholar
Diamond, A. (1991) Neuropsychological insights into the meaning of object concept development. In: The epigenesis of mind: Essays on biology and knowledge, ed. Carey, S. & Gelman, R.. Erlbaum. [aPMG]Google Scholar
Diamond, M. C. (1988) Enriching heredity: The impact of the environment on the anatomy of the brain. Free Press. [aPMG]Google Scholar
Dougherty, J. & Keller, C. (1982) Taskonomy: a practical approach to knowledge structures. American Ethnologist 5:763–774. [TW]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Evarts, E. V. (1973) Motor cortex reflexes associated with learned movement. Science 179:501–503. [PL]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fagot, J. & Vauclair, J. (1988a) Handedness and bimanual coordination in the lowland gorilla. Brain, Behavior and Evolution 32:89–95. [JRA]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fagot, J. & Vauclair, J. (1988b) Handedness and manual specialization in the baboon. Neuropsychologia 26:795–804. [JRA]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Falk, D. (1990) Gender differences in visuospatial skills: Implications for hominid evolution. Paper presented at Symposium 110, Wenner-Gren Foundation for Anthropological Research, Cascais, Portugal, March. [aPMG]Google Scholar
Ferguson, C. A. & Farwell, C. B. (1975) Words and sounds in early language acquisition. Language 51:419–39. [aPMG]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fillmore, Charles J. (1977) The case for case reopened. In: Syntax and semantics, vol. 8: Grammatical relations, ed. Cole, P. & Sadok, J. M.. Academic Press. [LR]Google Scholar
Fischer, K. (1980) A theory of cognitive development: The control and construction of hierarchies of skills. Psychological Review 87:477–531. [DMF]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fischer, K. W. & Hogan, A. E. (1989) The big picture for infant development: Levels and variations. In: Action in social context: Perspectives on early development, ed. J. J. Lockman & N. L. Hazen. Jossey Bass. [aPMG]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fischer, K. W., Kenny, S. L. & Pipp, S. L. (1990) How cognitive processes and environmental conditions organize discontinuities in the development of abstractions. In: Higher stages of human development, ed. Alexander, C. N. & Langer, E. J.. Oxford University Press. [arPMG]Google Scholar
Fodor, J. (1983) Modularity of mind. MIT Press. [aPMG, PL]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fouts, R. S. (1975) Communication with chimpanzees. In: Hominisation und Verhalten, ed. Kurth, G. & Eibl-Eibesfeldt, I.. St. Verlag. [RAG]Google Scholar
Fouts, R. S. & Fouts, D. H. (1989) Loulis in conversation with the cross-fostered chimpanzees. In: Teaching sign language to chimpanzees, ed. R. A. Gardner, B. T. Gardner & T. E. Van Cantfort. SUNY Press. [RAG]Google Scholar
Fouts, R. S., Fouts, D. H. & Van Cantfort, T. E. (1989) The infant Loulis learns signs from cross-fostered chimpanzees. In: Teaching sign language to chimpanzees, ed. Gardner, R. A., Gardner, B. T. & Van Cantfort, T. E.. SUNY Press. [RAG]Google Scholar
Fox, P., Petersen, S., Posner, M. & Raichle, M. (1988) Is Broca's area language-specific? Neurology 38(Supplement 1):172. [aPMG]Google Scholar
Fragaszy, D. M. & Adams-Curtis, L. E. (in press) Generative aspects of manipulation in tufted capuchin monkey (Cebus apella). Journal of Comparative Psychology. [DMF]Google Scholar
Fragaszy, D. M. & Visalberghi, E. (1989) Social influences on the acquisition of tool-using behaviors in capuchin monkeys (Cebus apella). Journal of Comparative Psychology 103:159–70. [DMF]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fujita, K. & Matsuzawa, T. (1990) Delayed figure reconstruction by a chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) and humans (Homo sapiens). Journal of Comparative Psychology 104:345–51. [TM]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fuster, J. M. (1985) The prefrontal cortex, mediator of cross-temporal contingencies. Human Neurobiology 4:169–79. [aPMG]Google ScholarPubMed
Gardner, B. T. & Gardner, R. A. (1988) Film shown at The Origin of Human Language, NATO Advanced Study Institute and 4th Language Origins Society meeting, Cortona, Italy, July. [aPMG]Google Scholar
Gardner, B. T., Gardner, R. A. & Nichols, S. G. (1989) The shapes and uses of signs in a cross-fostering laboratory. In: Teaching sign language to chimpanzees, ed. Gardner, R. A., Gardner, B. T. & Van Cantfort, T. E.. SUNY Press. [rPMG, JRA, RAG]Google Scholar
Gardner, R. A. & Gardner, B. T. (1984) A vocabulary test for chimpanzees. Journal of Comparative Psychology 98:381–404. [RAG]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gardner, R. A. & Gardner, B. T. (1989) A cross-fostering laboratory. In Teaching sign language to chimpanzees, ed. Gardner, R. A., Gardner, B. T. & Van Cantfort, T. E.. SUNY Press. [PMG, RAG]Google Scholar
Gardner, R. A., Gardner, B. T. & Van Cantfort, T. E., eds. (1989) Teaching sign language to chimpanzees. SUNY Press. [RAG]Google Scholar
Garrett, M. (1975) The analysis of sentence production. In: The psychology of learning and motivation, vol. 9, ed. Bower, G.. Academic Press. [PFM]Google Scholar
Gatewood, J. (1985) Actions speak louder than words. In: Directions in cognitive anthropology, ed. Dougherty, J.. University of Illinois Press. [TW]Google Scholar
Geschwind, N. (1971) Aphasia. New England Journal of Medicine 284:654–56. [aPMG]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Geschwind, N. (1972) Language and the brain. Scientific American 226:76–83. [aPMG]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Geschwind, N. (1979) Specializations of the human brain. Scientific American 241(3):180–99. [aPMG]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gesell, A. & Ilg, F. L. (1937) Feeding behavior of infants. Lippincott. [aPMG]Google Scholar
Gibson, K. R. (1983) Comparative neurobehavioral ontogeny and the constructionist approach to the evolution of the brain, object manipulation and language. In: Glossogenetics: The origin and evolution of language, ed. de Grolier, E.. Harwood Academic. [aPMG, KRG]Google Scholar
Gibson, K. R. (1988) Brain size and the evolution of language. In: The genesis of language, ed. Landsberg, M. E.. Mouton de Gruyter. [aPMG, KRG]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gibson, K. R. (1990a) Neurological perspectives on comparative animal and human intelligence: New approaches to the instinct versus learning controversy. In: Language and intelligence in animals, ed. Parker, S. & Gibson, K. R.. Cambridge University Press. [KRG]Google Scholar
Gibson, K. R. (1990b) Tool use, imitation and deception in a captive Cebus monkey. In: Language and intelligence in monkeys and apes, ed. Parker, S. T. & Gibson, K. R.. Cambridge University Press. [KRG]Google Scholar
Gibson, K. R. (1990c) Tool use, language and social behavior in relationship to information processing capacities. Paper presented at the Wenner Gren Foundation for Anthropological Research Symposium 110, Cascais, Portugal.* [arPMG, KRG]Google Scholar
Gibson, K. R. (1991) Tools, language and intelligence: Evolutionary interrelationships. Man 26:602–19. [KRG]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gibson, K. R. & Petersen, A., eds. (1991) Brain maturation and cognitive development: Comparative and cross-cultural perspectives. Aldine de Gruyter. [KRG]Google Scholar
Gleitman, L. R. (1981) Maturational determinants oflanguage growth. Cognition 10:103–14. [aPMG]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gleitman, L. R. (1984) Biological predispositions to learn language. In: The biology of learning, ed. Marler, P. and Terrace, H. S.. Dahlem Konferenzen. Springer-Verlag. [PFM]Google Scholar
Gleitman, L., Gleitman, H., Landau, B. & Wanner, E. (1987) Where learning begins: Initial representations for language learning. In: The Cambridge Linguistic Survey, vol. 2, ed. Newmeyer, E.. Cambridge University Press. [PB]Google Scholar
Goldin-Meadow, S. (1979) Structure in a manual communication system developed without a conventional language model: Language without a helping hand. In: Studies in neurolinguistics, vol. 4, ed. Whitaker, H. A.. Academic Press. [rPMG]Google Scholar
Goldman-Rakic, P. (1987a) Circuitry of primate prefrontal cortex and regulation of behavior by representational memory. In: Handbook of physiology - The nervous system. American Physiological Society. [JG]Google Scholar
Goldman-Rakic, P. (1987b) Development of cortical circuitry and cognitive function. Childhood Development 58:601–22. [RWT]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Goldman-Rakic, P. S. & Schwartz, M. L. (1982) Interdigitation of contralateral and ipsilateral columnar projections to frontal association cortex in primates. Science 216:755–57. [RWT]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Golinkoff, R. M., Hirsh-Pasek, K., Cauley, K. M. & Gordon, L. (1987) The eyes have it: Lexical and syntactic comprehension in a new paradigm. Journal of Child Language 14:23–45. [PB]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gómez, J. C. (1988) Development of manipulation and communication in infant gorillas and chimpanzees. Paper read at the Workshop on the Comparative Study of Cognition and Communication in Apes and Huma Infants. Universidad Autonoma, Madrid. [JCG]Google Scholar
Gómez, J. C. (1990) The emergence of intentional communication as a problem-solving strategy in the gorilla. In: “Language” and intelligence in monkeys and apes: Comparative developmental perspectives, ed. Parker, S. T. & Gibson, K. R.. Cambridge University Press. [JCG]Google Scholar
Gómez, J. C. (1991) Visual behavior as a window for reading the minds of others in primates. In: Natural theories of mind: Evolution, development, and simulation of everyday mindreading, ed. Whiten, A.. Blackwell. [JCG]Google Scholar
Goodall, J. (1986) The chimpanzees of Gombe. Harvard University Press. [arPMG, RAG, PL]Google Scholar
Goodglass, H. & Geschwind, N. (1976) Language disorders (aphasia) In: Handbook of perception, vol. 7, ed. Carterette, E. & Friedman, M.. Academic Press. [aPMG]Google Scholar
Goodson, B. D. & Greenfield, P. M. (1975) The search for structural principles in children's manipulative play. Child Development 46:734–46. [aPMG]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gopnik, M. (1990) Feature blindness: A case study. Language Acquisition 1:139–64. [PB]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gould, S. J. (1977) Ontogeny and phylogeny. Belknap Press/Harvard University Press. [arPMG]Google Scholar
Grafrnan, J. (1989) Plans, actions and mental sets: The role of the frontal lobes. In Integrating theory and practice in clinical neuropsychology, ed Perecman, E.. Erlbaum. [JG]Google Scholar
Greenfield, P. M. (1972) Oral or written language. The consequences for cognitive development in Africa, the United States, and England. Language and Speech 15:169–78. [aPMG]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Greenfield, P. M. (1976) The grammar of action in cognitive development. In: Human brain function, ed. Walter, D. O., Rogers, L. & Finzi-Fried, J. M.. UCLA Brai Information Service/Brain Research Institute. [aPMG]Google Scholar
Greenfield, P. M. (1977) Strukturelle parallelen zwischen sprache und handlung im laufe der entwicklung. In: Piaget and beyond the psychology of the 20th century vol. 7, ed. Steiner, G.. Kindler Verlag. [aPMG]Google Scholar
Greenfield, P. M. (1978) Structural parallels between language and action in development. In: Action, symbol, and gesture: The emergence of language, ed. Lock, A.. Academic Press. [aPMG]Google Scholar
Greenfield, P. M. & Childs, C. P. (1977) Weaving, color terms and pattern representation. Cultural influences and cognitive development among the Zinacantecos of southern Mexico. Inter-American Journal of Psychology 11:23–48. [aPMG]Google Scholar
Greenfield, P. M. & Childs, C. P. (1991) Developmental continuity in biocultural context. In: Context and development, ed. Cohen, R. & Siegel., A.Erlbaum. [aPMG]Google Scholar
Greenfield, P. M. & Hubner, J. (no date) Building a tree structure at three levels of hierarchical complexity. A developmental study. Unpublished paper, University of California at Los Angeles, Department of Psychology. [aPMG]Google Scholar
Greenfield, P. M. & Savage-Rumbaugh, E. S. (1990) Grammatical combination in Pan paniscus. Processes of learning and invention. In: “Language” and intelligence in monkeys and apes: Comparative developmental perspectives, ed. Parker, S. T. & Gibson, K. R.. Cambridge University Press. [arPMG]Google Scholar
Greenfield, P. M. & Savage-Rumbaugh, E. S. (1991) Imitation, grammatical development, and the invention of protogrammar. In: Biological and behavioural determinants of language develpment, ed. Krasnagor, N., Rumbaugh, D. M., Studdert-Kennedy, M., & Scheifelbusch, R. L.. Erlbaum. [arPMG, DB]Google Scholar
Greenfield, P. M. & Savage-Rumbaugh, E. S. (in press) Comparing communicative competence in child and chimp: The pragmatics of repetition. Journal of Child Language [rPMG]Google Scholar
Greenfield, P. M. & Schneider, L. (1977) Building a tree structure. The development of hierarchical complexity and interrupted strategies in children's construction activity. Developmental Psychology 13:299–313. [aPMG]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Greenfield, P. M. & Smith, J. H. (1976) The structure of communication in early language development. Academic Press. [aPMG]Google Scholar
Greenfield, P. M., Brazelton, T. B. & Childs, C. P. (1989) From birth to maturity in Zinacantan: Ontogenesis in cultural context. In: Ethnographic encounters in southern Mesoamerica: Celebratory essays in honor of Evon Z. Vogt, ed. Bricker, V. & Gossen, G.. State University of New York, Institute of Mesoamerican Studies. [aPMG]Google Scholar
Greenfield, P. M., Nelson, K. & Saltzman, E. (1972) The development of rulebound strategies for manipulating seriated cups. A parallel between action and grammar. Cognitive Psychology 3:291–310. [arPMG, DB, TM]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Greenfield, P., Reilly, J., Leaper, C. & Baker, N. (1985) The structural and functional status of single-word utterances and their relationship to early multi-word speech. In: Children's single-word speech, ed. Barrett, M.. Wiley. [aPMG]Google Scholar
Grossman, M. (1980) A central processor for hierarchically structured material: Evidence from Broca's aphasia. Neuropsychologia 18:299–308. [aPMG, TWO]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hailman, J. P., Ficken, M. S. & Ficken, R. W. (1987) Constraints on the structure of combinatorial “chick-a-dee” calls. Ethology 75:62–80. [MDH]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harding, C. G. (1982) Development of the intention to communicate. Human Development 25:140–51. [JCG]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hauser, M. D., Perry, S., Manson, J., Ball, H., Williams, M., Pearson, E. & Berard, J. (1991) It's all in the hands of the beholder: New data on handedness in a free-ranging population of rhesus macaques. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 14(2)342–43. [MDH]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hayes, K. J. & Hayes, C. (1954) Mechanical interest and ability in a home-raised chimpanzee [I6-mm film] Psychological Cinema Register, State College, PA. [RAG]Google Scholar
Heffner, H. E. & Heffner, R. S. (1984) Temporal lobe lesions and the perception of species-specific vocalizations by macaques. Science 226:75–76. [PFM]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Heltne, P. G. & Marquardt, L. A., eds. (1989) Understanding chimpanzees. Harvard University Press. [RAG]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hendler, J. (1987) Integrating marker-passing and problem solving: A spreading activation approach to improved choice in planning. Erlbaum. [JG]Google Scholar
Herman, L. M. (1986) Cognition and language competencies of bottlenosed dolphins. In: Dolphin cognition and behavior: A comparative approach, ed. Schusterman, R. J., Thomas, J. A. & Wood, F. G.. Erlbaum. [BJ]Google Scholar
Herman, L. M. (1987) Receptive competencies of language-trained animals. In: Advances of the study of behavior vol. 17. Academic Press. [BJ]Google Scholar
Herman, L. M., Richards, D. G. & Wolz, J. P. (1984) Comprehension of sentences by bottlenosed dolphins. Cognition 16:129–219. [BJ]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hewes, G. W. (1976) The current status of the gestural theory of language origin. In: Origins and evolution of language and speech 280:482–504, ed. Harnad, S. R., Steklis, H. D. & Lancaster, J.. New York: Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. [rPMG]Google Scholar
Hirsh-Pasek, K. & Golinkoff, R. M. (1991) Language comprehension: A new look at some old themes. In: Biological and behavioral determinants of language development, ed. Krasnegor, N., Rumbaugh, D., Studdert-Kennedy, M. & Schiefelbusch, R.. Erlbaum. [RMG]Google Scholar
Hirsh-Pasek, K. & Golinkoff, R. M. (in press) Skeletal supports for grammatical learning: What the infant brings to the language learning task. In: Advances in infancy research, vol. 7-8, ed. Rovee-Collier, C. & Lipsitt, L.. [aPMG]Google Scholar
Hockett, C. D. (1960) The origin of speech. Scientific American 203:89–96. [aPMG]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hockett, C. F. (1978) In search of Jove's brow. American Speech 53:243–314. [RAG]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hodos, W. (1976) The concept of homology and the evolution of behavior. In: Evolution, brain, and behavior: Persistent problems, ed. Masterton, R. B., Hodos, W. & Jerison, H.. Wiley. [aPMG]Google Scholar
Holdaway, S. (1989) Were there hafted projectile points in the Mousterian? Journal of Field Archaeology 16:79–85. [WN]Google Scholar
Homan, R. W. (1988) The 10-20 electrode system and cerebral location. American Journal of EEG Technology 28:269–79. [aPMG]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hudspeth, W. J. (1985) Developmental neuropsychology: Functional implications of quantitative EEG maturation [abstr.] Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology 7:606. [RWT]Google Scholar
Hudspeth, W. J. & Pribram, K. H. (1990) Stages of brain and cognitive maturation. Journal of Educational Psychology 82:881–84. [RWT]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Humphrey, N. (1976) The social function of intellect. In: Growing points in ethology, ed. Bateson, P. P. G. & Hinde, R.. Cambridge University Press. [JCG]Google Scholar
Humphrey, N. (1986) The inner eye. Faber & Faber. [JCG]Google Scholar
Huttenlocher, P. R. (1979) Synaptic density in human frontal cortex - Developmental changes and effects of aging. Brain Research 163:195–205. [aPMG]Google ScholarPubMed
Hyams, N. M. (1986) Language acquisition and the theory of parameters. D. Reibel. [arPMG]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Illes, J., Metter, E. J., Hanson, W. R. & Iritani, S. (1988) Language production in Parkinson's disease; Acoustic and linguistic considerations. Brain and Language 33:146–60. [PL]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ingram, D. (1978) The role of the syllable in phonological development. In: Syllables and segments, ed. Bell, A. & Hooper, J. B.. North-Holland. [rPMG]Google Scholar
Ingvar, D. H. (1983) Serial aspects of language and speech related to prefrontal cortical activity: A selective review. Human Neurobiology 2:177–89. [TWD]Google ScholarPubMed
Jacobs, B. (1991) A quantitative dendritic analysis of Wernicke's area. Unpub. Ph.D. dissertation, University of California, Los Angeles, [rPMG, BJ]Google Scholar
Jacobson, M. (1978) Developmental neurobiology. Plenum Press. [DMWP]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Janowsky, J. S. & Nass, R. (1987) Early language development in infants with cortical and subcortical perinatal brain injury. Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics 8:3–7. [aPMG]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Johnson, M. H. (1990) Cortical maturation and the development of visual attention in early infancy. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 2:81–95. [AK-S]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Johnson, M. H. (1991) Constraints on cortical plasticity: Implications for neurocognitive development (submitted). [AK-S]Google Scholar
Johnson, M. H. & Karmiloff-Smith, A. (in press) Can neural selectionism be applied to cognitive development and its disorders? New Ideas in Psychology. [AK-S]Google Scholar
Johnson, M. H. & Morton, J. (1991) Biology and cognitive development: The case of face recognition. Blackwells. [AK-S]Google Scholar
Jonas, S. (1981) The supplementary motor area and speech emission. Journal of Communicative Disorders 14:349–73. [PFM]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jurgens, U. (1987) Primate communication: Signalling, vocalization. In: Encyclopedia of neuroscience, vol. 2, ed. Adelman, G.. Birkhauser. [PFM]Google Scholar
Jurgens, U. (1990) Vocal communication in primates. In: Neurobiology of comparative cognition, ed. Kesner, R. P. & Olton, D.. Erlbaum. [MDH]Google Scholar
Jusczyk, P. W. (1986) A review of speech perception work. In: Handbook of perception and performance, ed. Kaufman, L., Thomas, J. & Boff, K.. Wiley. [AK-S]Google Scholar
Karmiloff-Smith, A. (1979) Language development after five. In: Language acquisition, ed. Fletcher, P. & Garman, M.. [aPMG]Google Scholar
Karmiloff-Smith, A. (1986) From metaprocesses to conscious access: Evidence from children's metalinguistic and repair data. Cognition 23:95–147. [AK-S]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Karmiloff-Smith, A. (1991) Beyond modularity: Innate constraints and developmental change. In: Epigenesis of the mind: Essays in biology and knowledge, ed. Carey, S. & Gelman, R.. Erlbaum. [AK-S]Google Scholar
Karmiloff-Smith, A., Johnson, H., Grant, J., Jones, M.-C., Karmiloff, Y.-N., Bartrip, J. & Cuckle, P. (1990) From sentential to discourse functions: Detection and explanation of speech repairs in children and adults (submitted). [AK-S]Google Scholar
Katz, N., Baker, E. & Macnamara, J. (1974) What's in a name? A study of how children learn common and proper names. Child Development 45:469–73. [PB]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kent, R. D. & Bauer, H. R. (1985) Vocalizations of one-year-olds. Journal of Child Language 12:491–526. [PFM]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kimura, D. (1979) Neuromotor mechanisms in the evolution of human communication. In: Neurobiology of social communication in primates, ed. Steklis, I. H. D. & Raleigh, M. J.. Academic Press. [aPMG, PL]Google Scholar
Kimura, D. (1988) Review of what the hands reveal about the brain. Language and Speech 31:375–78. [rPMG]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
King, M. C. & Wilson, A. C. (1975) Evolution at two levels in humans and chimpanzees. Science 188:107–16. [aPMG]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Köhler, W. (1925) The mentality of apes, 2nd ed. (trans. Winter, E.). Harcourt, Brace & Co. [arPMG, RAG]Google Scholar
Köhler, W. (1925b) The mentality of apes. Routledge & Kegan Paul. [JRA]Google Scholar
Kohonen, T., Maekisara, K. & Saramaeki, T. (1984) Phonological maps - Insightful representation of phonological features for speech recognition 182–85. [DMWP]Google Scholar
Kolb, B. & Whishaw, I. Q. (1985) Fundamentals of human neuropsychology, 2nd ed. Freeman. [aPMG]Google Scholar
Konner, M. (1977) Evolution of human behavior development. In: Culture and infancy, ed. Liederman, P. H., Tulkin, S. R. & Rosenfeld, A.. Academic Press. [aPMG]Google Scholar
Koop, B. F., Goodman, M., Xu, P., Chan, K. & Slighton, J. L. (1986) Primate eta-globin DNA sequences and man's place among the great apes. Nature 319:234–38. [TM]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lamendella, J. T. (1976) Relations between the ontogeny and phylogeny of language: A neorecapitulationist view. In: Origins and evolution of language and speech 280:396–412, ed. Hamad, S. R.Steklis, H. D. & Lancaster, J.. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. [aPMG]Google Scholar
Langer, J. (1980) The origins of logic: Six to twelve months. Academic Press. [aPMG]Google Scholar
Lashley, K. S. (1951) The problem of serial order in behavior. In: Cerebral mechanisms in behavior: The Hixon symposium, ed. Jeffress, L. A.. Wiley. [aPMG]Google Scholar
Lenain, T. (1990) La peinture des singes. Paris. [RAG]Google Scholar
Leopold, W. (1939/1949) Speech development of a bilingual child. Northwestern University Press. [DB]Google Scholar
Levy, Y. (1983) The acquisition of Hebrew plurals: The case of the missing gender category. Journal of Child Language 10:107–21. [aPMG]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lieberman, P. (1967) Intonation, perception and language. MIT Press. [PL]Google Scholar
Lieberman, P. (1968) Primate vocalizations and human linguistic ability. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 44:1157–64. [PL]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lieberman, P. (1975) On the origins of language: An introduction to the evolution of speech. Macmillan. [PL]Google Scholar
Lieberman, P. (1984) The biology and evolution of language, Harvard University Press. [aPMG, TWD, RMG, PL, PFM, MT]Google Scholar
Lieberman, P. (1988) A general biological theory and the evolution of human language and thought. Paper presented at NATO Advanced Study Institute and meeting of the Language Origins Society, Cortona, Italy, July. [aPMG]Google Scholar
Lieberman, P. (1989a) Some biological constraints on universal grammar and learnability. In: Teachability of language, ed. Rice, M. & Schiefelbusch, L.. Brookes. [RMG]Google Scholar
Lieberman, P. (1989b) The origins of some aspects of human language and cognition. In: The human revolution: Behavioural and biological perspectives in the origins of modern humans, ed. Mellars, P. & Stringer, C. B.. Edinburgh University Press. [PL]Google Scholar
Lieberman, P. (1990) Rule governed processes and brains. Speech, syntax, and tool making. Paper presented at the Wenner-Gren Foundation for Anthropological Research International Symposium 110, Tools, language and intelligence: Evolutionary implications. Cascais, Portugal. [aPMG]Google Scholar
Lieberman, P. (1991) Uniquely human: The evolution of speech, thought and selfless behavior. Harvard University Press. [arPMG, TWD, PL]Google Scholar
Lieberman, P.Friedman, J. & Feldman, L. S. (1990) Syntax comprehension deficits in Parkinson's disease. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 178:360–65. [PL]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lieberman, P.Kako, E.Friedman, J.Tajchman, G.Jiminez, E. & Feldman, L. S. (submitted) Speech language and cognitive deficits in Parkinson's disease. [PL]Google Scholar
Liepmann, H. (1908) Drei Aufsatze aus dem Apraxiegebiet. Karger. [PL]Google Scholar
Limber, J. (1973) The genesis of complex sentences. In: Cognitive development and the acquisition of meaning, ed. Moore, J.. Academic Press. [DB]Google Scholar
Lock, A. (1980) The guided reinvention of language. Academic Press. [WN]Google Scholar
Lock, A. (1990) The development of language and object manipulation: Evolutionary implications. Paper presented at the Wenner-Gren Foundation for Anthropological Research International Symposium 110, Tools, language and intelligence: Evolutionary implications. Cascais, Portugal.* [aPMG]Google Scholar
Locke, J. L. (1983) Phonological acquisition and change. Academic Press. [PFM]Google Scholar
Luria, A. R. (1966) Higher cortical functions in man. Tavistock. [aPMG]Google Scholar
Macken, M. A. (1977) Developmental reorganization of phonology. Papers and Reports on Child Language Development (Stanford University) 14:1–36. [rPMG]Google Scholar
Macken, M. A. (1979) Developmental reorganization of phonology. A hierarchy of basic units of acquisition. Lingua 49:11–49. [aPMG]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
MacNeilage, P. F. (1987) The evolution of hemispheric specialization for manual function and language. In: Higher brain functions: Recent explorations of the brain's emergent properties, ed. Wise, S. P.. Wiley. [PL, PFM]Google Scholar
MacNeilage, P. F. (1988) Postural origins theory of primate neurobiological asymmetries. Paper presented at the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development symposium, Biobehavioral foundation of language development. Leesburg, Virginia, June. [aPMG]Google Scholar
MacNeilage, P. F. (1991) The postural origins theory of primate neurobiological asymmetries. In: The biological foundations of language development, ed. Krasnegor, N.Rumbaugh, D.Studdert-Kennedy, M. & Shiefelbusch, R.. Erlbaum. [PFM]Google Scholar
MacNeilage, P. F. & Davis, B. L. (1990a) Acquisition of speech production: Frames, then content. In: Attention and performance 13; Motor representation and control, ed. Jeannerod, M.. Erlbaum. [PFM]Google Scholar
MacNeilage, P. F. & Davis, B. L. (1990b) Acquisition of speech production: The achievement of segmental independence. In: Speech production and speech modelling, ed. Hardcastle, W. J. & Marchal, A.. Dordrecht. [PFM]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
MacNeilage, P. F. & Davis, B. L. (1991) Vowel-consonant relations in babbling. Proceedings of the Xllth International Congress of Phonetic Sciences, Aix-en-Provence, August. [PFM]Google Scholar
MacNeilage, P. F.Studdert-Kennedy, M. G. & Lindblom, B. (1985) Planning and production of speech: An overview. Proceedings of the conference on planning and production of speech by normally hearing and deaf people, ed. Lauter, J.. American Speech Hearing and Language Association Reports. [PFM]Google Scholar
MacNeilage, P. F.Studdert-Kennedy, M. G. & Lindblom, B. (1987) Primate handedness reconsidered. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 10:247–303. [aPMG, MDH, PFM]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
MacNeilage, P. F.Studdert-Kennedy, M. G. & Lindblom, B. (1988) Primate handedness: A foot in the door. Continuing commentary. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 11:748–58. [PFM]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Macphail, E. (1987) The comparative psychology of intelligence. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 10:645–95. [KRG]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Marcel, A. & Bisiach, E. (1988) Consciousness in contemporary science. Oxford University Press. [JG]Google Scholar
Markowitsch, H. J. (1988) Anatomical and functional organization of the primate prefrontal cortical system. In: Comparative primate biology, vol. 4, ed. Steklis, H. D. & Erwin, J.. Liss, Arthur D.. [PL]Google Scholar
Marler, P. (1977) The structure of animal communication sounds. In: Recognition of complex acoustic signals, ed. Bullock, T. H.. Springer-Verlag. [MDH]Google Scholar
Martino, A. M. & Strick, P. L. (1987) Corticospinal projections originate from the arcuate premotor. Brain Research 404:307–12. [aPMG]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Martinsen, H. & Von Tetzchner, S. (1988) Development of intentional communication. Paper presented at the Third European Conference on Developmental Psychology, Budapest. [JCG]Google Scholar
Matousek, M. & Petersen, I. (1973) Frequency analysis of the EEG background activity by means of age dependent EEG quotients. In: Automation of clinical electroencephalography, ed. Kellaway, P. & Petersen, I.. Raven Press. [RWT]Google Scholar
Matsuzawa, T. (1985a) Use of numbers by a chimpanzee. Nature 315:57–59. [TM]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Matsuzawa, T. (1985b) Color naming and classification in a chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes). Journal of Human Evolution 14:283–91. [rPMG, TM]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Matsuzawa, T. (1986a) Comparative cognitive development in primatological perspective. Hattatsu (Development) 28:58–70 (in Japanese). [TM]Google Scholar
Matsuzawa, T. (1986b) Pattern construction by a chimpanzee. Paper presented at the workshop, Evolutionary Perspectives on Cognitive Ethology, of the International Primatological Society, Goettingen, Germany, July. [arPMG]Google Scholar
Matsuzawa, T. (1987) Stacking blocks by chimpanzees. Primate Research 3:91–102. [TM]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Matsuzawa, T. (1989) Spontaneous pattern construction in a chimpanzee. In: Understanding chimpanzees, ed. Heltne, P. & Marquardt, L.. Harvard University Press. [TM]Google Scholar
Matsuzawa, T. (1990a) Form perception and visual activity in a chimpanzee. Folia Primatologica 55:24–32. [TM]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Matsuzawa, T. (1990b) Spontaneous sorting in human and chimpanzee. In: Language and intelligence in monkeys and apes: Comparative developmental perspectives, ed. Parker, S. & Gibson, K. R.. Cambridge University Press. [TM]Google Scholar
McGrew, W. (1990) THe intelligent use of tools. Twenty propositions. Paper presented at the Wenner-Gren Foundation for Anthropological Research International Symposium 110, Tools, language and intelligence: Evolutionary implications. Cascais, Portugal.* [aPMG]Google Scholar
McNeill, D. (1971) Sentences as biological systems. In: Hierarchically organized systems in theory and practice, ed. Hafner, P. A.. [KJC]Google Scholar
Mehler, J.Juszcyk, P. W.Lambertz, G.Halstead, N.Bertoncini, J. & Amiel-Tison, C. (1988) A precursor of language acquisition in young infants. Cognition 29:143–78. [AK-S]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Menyuk, P. (1976) Relations between acquisition of phonology and reading. In: Aspects of reading acquisition, ed. Guthrie, J. T.. Johns Hopkins University Press. [rPMG]Google Scholar
Merzenich, M. M. & Kaas, J. H. (1982) Reorganization of mammalian somatosensory cortex following peripheral nerve injury. Trends in Neurosciences 5:434–36. [KRG]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mesarovic, M. D.Macko, D. & Takahara, Y. (1970) Theory of hierarchical multilevel systems. Academic Press. [KJC]Google Scholar
Mesuiam, M. M. (1985) Patterns in behavioral neuroanatomy: Association areas, the limbic system and hemispheric specialization. In: Principles of behavioral neurology, ed. Mesuiam, M. M.Davis, F. A.. [PL]Google Scholar
Metter, E. J.Riege, W. H.Hanson, W. R.Phelps, M. E. & Kuhl, D. E. (1984) Local cerebral metabolic rates of glucose in movement and language disorders from positron tomography. American Journal of Physiology 246:R897–900. [PL]Google ScholarPubMed
Metter, E. J.Kempler, D.Jackson, C.Hanson, W. R.Mazziotta, J. C. & Phelps, M. E. (1989) Cerebral glucose metabolism in Wernicke's, Broca's, and conduction aphasia. Archives of Neurology 46:27–34. [PL]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Metter, E. J.Kempler, D.Jackson, C. A.Hanson, W. R.Reige, W. H.Camras, L. M.Mazziotta, J. C. & Phelps, M. E. (1987) Cerebular glucose metabolism in chronic aphasia. Neurology 37:1599–1606. [PL]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Miller, G. A.Galanter, E. & Pribram, K. H. (1960) Plans and the structure of behavior. Holt. [aPMG]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mitchell, P. & Kent, R. D. (1990) Phonetic variation in multisyllabic babbling. Journal of Child Language 17:247–85. [PFM]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Morris, D. (1962) The biology of art. New York. [RAG]Google Scholar
Moscovitch, M. (1982) Multiple dissociations of function in amnesia. In: Human memory and amnesia, ed. Cermak, L.. Erlbaum. [JG]Google Scholar
Moscowitz, A. (1970) The acquisition of phonology. Ph.D. dissertation, University of California at Berkeley. [rPMG]Google Scholar
Muakkassa, K. F. & Strick, P. L. (1979) Frontal lobe inputs to primate motor cortex: Evidence for four somatotopically organized “premotor” area. Brain Research 177:176–82. [aPMG]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mueller, J., ed. (1989) Neurology and psychiatry: A meeting of minds. Karger. [aPMG]Google Scholar
Naeser, M. A.Alexander, M. P.Helms-Estabrooks, N.Levine, H. L.Laughlin, S. A. & Geschwind, N. (1982) Aphasia with predominantly subcortical lesion sites: Description of three capsular&putaminal aphasia syndromes. Archives of Neurology 39:2–14. [PL]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Neville, H. (1991) Neurobiology of cognitive and language processing: Effects of early experience. In: Brain maturation and cognitive development: Comparative and cross-cultural perspective, ed. Gibson, K. R. & Petersen, A. C.. Aldine de Gruyter. [KRG]Google Scholar
Newmeyer, F. (1990) Functional explanations in language and the origin of language. Language and Communication (in press). [PB]Google Scholar
Newport, E. L. (1988) Constraints on learning and their role in language acquisition: Studies of the acquisition of American Sign Language. Language Sciences 10:147–72. [aPMG]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nishisawa, Y.Skyhj-Olesen, T.Larsen, B. & Lassen, N. A. (1982) Left-right cortical asymmetries of regional cerebral blood flow during listening to words. Journal of Neurophysiology 48:458–66. [TWD]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Noble, W. & Davidson, I. (1989) On depiction and language. Current Anthropology 30:337–42. [WN]Google Scholar
Noble, W. & Davidson, I. (1991) The evolutionary emergence of modern human behaviour: Language and its archaeology. Man: Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute 26:602–32. [WN]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(in press) Tracing the origins of modern human behaviour: Methodological pitfalls. In: The very possibility of meaning, ed. Davis, W.. University of New Mexico Press. [WN]Google Scholar
Nunez, P. (1981) Electric fields of the brain: The neurophysics of EEG. Oxford University Press. [RT]Google Scholar
Oakley, K. P.Andrews, P.Keeley, L. H. & Clark, J. D. (1977) A reappraisal of the Clacton spearpoint. Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 43:13–30. [WN]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ochs Keenan, E. (1977) Why look at planned and unplanned discourse? In: Discourse across space and time, ed. Ochs Keenan, E. & Bennett, T. L.. Southern California Occasional Papers in Linguistics 5. University of Southern California at Los Angeles, Department of Linguistics. [aPMG]Google Scholar
Ojernann, G. A. (1983a) Electrical stimulation and the neurobiology of language. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 6:221–30. [arPMG]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ojernann, G. A. (1983b) Brain organization for language from the perspective of electrical stimulation mapping. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 6:189–230. [rPMG]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
O'Leary, D. D. M. (1987) Remodelling of early axonal projections through the selective elimination of neurons and long axon collaterals, ed. Bock, G. & O'Connor, M.. Wiley. [rPMG]Google Scholar
Oller, D. K. (1980) The emergence of the sounds of speech in infancy. In: Child phonology, vol. 1, ed. Yeni-Komshian, G. H.Kavanaugh, J. F. & Ferguson, C. A.. Academic Press. [PFM]Google Scholar
Olson, A. & Caramazza, A. (in press) The role of cognitive theory in neuropsychological research. In: Handbook of neuropsychology, ed. Boiler, F. & Grafman, J.. Elsevier. [JG]Google Scholar
Parent, A. (1986) Comparative neurobiology of the basal ganglia. Wiley. [PL]Google Scholar
Parker, S. T. (1990) Origins of comparative developmental evolutionary studies of primate mental abilities. In: “Language” and intelligence in monkeys and apes: Comparative developmental perspectives, ed. Parker, S. T. & Gibson, K. R.. Cambridge University Press. [aPMG]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Parker, S. T. & Gibson, K. R. (1979) A developmental model for the evolution of language and intelligence. Brain and Behavioral Sciences 2:367–408. [KG]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pattee, H. H. (1973) Hierarchy theory; The challenge of complex systems. Braziller. [KJC]Google Scholar
Penfield, W. & Roberts, L. (1959) Speech and brain mechanisms. Princeton University Press. [PFM]Google Scholar
Petersen, S. E.Fox, P. T.Posner, M. I.Mintun, M. & Raichle, M. E. (1988) Positron emission tomographic studies of the cortical anatomy of single-word processing. Nature 331:585–89. [TWD]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Petitto, L. A. & Marentette, P. F. (1991a) Babbling in the manual mode: Evidence for the ontogeny of language. Science 251:1493–96. [rPMG]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Petitto, L. A. & Marentette, P. F. (1991b) Paper presented at the Society for Research in Child Development Conferences, Seattle, April. [rPMG]Google Scholar
Petrides, M. (1982) Motor conditional-associative learning after selective prefrontal lesions in the monkey. Behavioral Brain Research 5:407–413. [TWD]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Petrides, M. (1986) The effect of periarcuate lesions in the monkey on the performance of symmetrical and asymmetrical reinforced visual and auditory go, no-go tasks. Journal of Neuroscience 6:2054–63. [TWD]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Petrides, M. & Milner, B. (1982) Deficits on subject-ordered tasks after frontal- and temporal-lobe lesions in man. Neuropsychologia 20(3):249–62. [aPMG]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Piaget, J. (1936) La naissance de ['intelligence chez Venfant. Delachaux. [JCG]Google Scholar
Piaget, J. (1952) The origins of intelligence in children. International Universities Press. [aPMG]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Piattelli-Palmarini, M. (1989) Evolution, selection and cognition: From “learning” to parameter setting in biology and in the study of language. Cognition 31:1–44. [aPMG, TWD]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pinker, S. (1989) Language acquisition. In: Foundations of cognitive science, ed. Posner, M. I.. MIT Press. [BJ]Google Scholar
Pinker, S. & Bloom, P. (1990) Natural language and natural selection. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 13:707–84. [aPMG, RMG, BJ]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Plomin, R. & Ho, H. (1991) Brain, behavior and developmental genetics. In; Brain maturation and cognitive development: Comparative and cross-cultural perspectives, ed. Gibson, K. R. & Petersen, A. C.. Aldine de Gruyter. [KG]Google Scholar
Ploog, D. (1988) Neurobiology and pathology of subhuman vocal communication and human speech. In: Primate vocal communication, ed. Todt, D.Goedeking, P. & Symmes, D.. Springer-Verlag. [arPMG]Google Scholar
Plooij, F. X. (1978) Some basic traits of language in wild chimpanzees. In: Action, gesture, and symbol: The emergence of language, ed. Lock, A.. Academic Press. [aPMG]Google Scholar
Poizner, H.Klima, E. S. & Bellugi, U. (1983) Brain organization for language: Clues from sign aphasia. Journal of Human Neurobiology 2:155–70. [rPMG]Google Scholar
Poizner, H.Klima, E. S. & Bellugi, U. (1987) What the hands reveal about the brain. MIT Press. [arPMG]Google Scholar
Posner, M. I.Petersen, S. E.Fox, P. T. & Raichle, M. E. (1988) Localization of cognitive operations in the human brain. Science 240:1627-31. [TWD]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Powers, D. M. W. (1983) Neurolinguistics and psycholinguistics as a basis for computer acquisition of natural language. Sigart 84:29–34. [DMWP]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Powers, D. M. W. (1991) How far can self-organization go? Results in unsupervised language learning. AAAI Spring Symposium on Machine Learning of Natural Language and Ontology, Stanford, CA, March. [DMWP]Google Scholar
Powers, D. M. W. & Turk, C. C. R. (1989) Machine learning of natural language. Springer-Verlag. [DMWP]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Premack, D. (1975) Putting a face together. Science 188:228–36. [TM]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Premack, D. (1985) “Gavagail” or the future history of the animal language controversy. Cognition 19:207–96. [aPMG]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Premack, D. (1986) Gavagail! MIT Press. [RAG]Google Scholar
Pye, C. (1983) Mayan telegraphese: Intonational determinants of inflectional development in Quiche Mayan. Language 59:583–604. [rPMG, PB]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rabinowicz, T. (1979) The differentiate maturation of the human cerebral cortex. In: Human growth: Neurobiology and nutrition, ed. Falkner, F. V. & Tanner, J.. Plenum Press. [RWf]Google Scholar
Rakic, P. (1985) Limits of neurogenesis in primates. Science 227:1054–56. [RWT]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rakic, P. (1988) Specification of cerebral cortical areas. Science 241:170–76. [RWT]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Reifel, S. & Greenfield, P. M. (1981) Structural development in a symbolic medium: The representational use of block constructions. In: Action and thought. From sensorimotor schemes to symbolic operations, ed. Forman, G.. Academic Press. [aPMG]Google Scholar
Reilly, J. S.Mclntire, M. & Bellugi, U. (1985) Faces: The relationship between language and affect. In: From gesture to language in deaf and hearing children, ed. Volterra, V. & Erting, C.. Springer Verlag. [rPMG]Google Scholar
Reilly, J. S.Mclntire, M. & Bellugi, U. (1987) Baby face: A new perspective on universals in language acquisition. In: Proceedings of the Rochester Conference on Theoretical Issues in Sign Language Research, ed. Siple, P.. [rPMG]Google Scholar
Reynolds, P. C. (1976) Language and skilled activity. In: Origins and evolution of language and speech 280:150–66, ed. , S. R. HamadSteklis, H. D. & Lancaster, J.. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. [aPMG, TWD]Google Scholar
Reynolds, P. C. (1983) Ape constructional ability and the origin of linguistic structure. In: Glossogenetics: The origin and evolution of language, ed. de Grolier, E.. Harwood Academic. [aPMG, TWD, KG]Google Scholar
Rimpau, J. B.Gardner, R. A. & Gardner, B. T. (1989) Expression of person, place, and thing in ASL: Utterances of children and chimpanzees. In: Teaching sign language to chimpanzees, Gardner, R. A.Gardner, B. T. & Van Cantford, T. E.. State University of New York Press. [rPMG, RAG]Google Scholar
Rizzolatti, G. (1987) Functional organization of inferior area 6. In: Motor areas of the cerebral cortex, Ciba Foundation Symposium 132. Wiley. [aPMG, TWD]Google Scholar
Robinson, J. (1984) Syntactic structures in the vocalizations of wedge-capped capuchin monkeys, Cebus olivaceus. Behaviour 90:46–79. [MDH]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Roland, P. E. (1985) Cortical organization of voluntary behavior in man. Human Neurobiology 4:155–67. [aPMG, TWD]Google ScholarPubMed
Roland, P. E.(1987) Metabolic mapping of sensorimotor integration. In: Motor areas of the cerebral cortex, Ciba Foundation Symposium 132. Wiley. [TWD]Google Scholar
Sakura, O. & Matsuzawa, T. (1991) Flexibility of wild chimpanzees nut-cracking behavior using stone hammers and anvils: An experimental analysis. Ethology (in press). [TM]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sarriá, E. (1989) La intención communicative preverbal. Unpub. Ph.D. dissertation, UNED, Madrid. [JCG]Google Scholar
Savage-Rumbaugh, E. S. (1987) A new look at ape language: Comprehension of vocal speech and syntax. Nebraska Symposium on Motivation 25:201–55. [RMG]Google Scholar
Savage-Rumbaugh, E. S. (1991) From Pan to man: The language link. Evolutionary interrelationships between technology, language, and social behavior. Symposium conducted at the meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, Washington, D.C., February. [rPMG]Google Scholar
Savage-Rum baugh, E. S.McDonald, K.Sevcik, R. A.Hopkins, W. D. & Rubert, E. (1986) Spontaneous symbol acquisition and communicative use by pigmy chimpanzees. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 115:211–35. [RAG]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Savage-Rumbaugh, E. S.Sevcik, R. A.Brakke, K. E.Rumbaugh, D. M. & Greenfield, P. M. (1990) Symbols. Their communicative use, comprehension, and combination by bonobos (Pan paniscus) In: Advances in infancy research, vol. 6, ed. Rovee-Collier, C. & Lipsitt, L. P.. Ablex. [aPMG, JRA]Google Scholar
Schaffer, R. H. (1984) The child's entry into a social world. Academic Press. [JCG]Google Scholar
Seidenberg, M. S. & Petitto, L. A. (1979) Signing behavior in apes: A critical review. Cognition 7:177–215. [RAG]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shattuck-Hufhagel, S. (1979) Speech errors as evidence for a serial ordering mechanism in speech production. In; Sentence processing: Psycholinguistic studies presented to Merril Garrett, ed. Cooper, W. E. & Walker, E. C.. Erlbaum. [PFM]Google Scholar
Simon, H. A. (1969) The sciences of the artificial. MIT Press. [PB]Google Scholar
Simonds, R. J. & Scheibel, A. B. (1989) The postnatal development of the motor speech area. A preliminary study. Brain and Language 37:42–58. [arPMG, BJ]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Skinner, B. F. (1957) Verbal behavior. Apple ton-Century-Crofts. [rPMG]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smith, B. L.Brown-Sweeney, & Stoel-Gammon, C. (1989) A quantitative analysis of reduplicated and variegated babbling. A First Language 9:147–53. [PFM]Google Scholar
Smith, N. V. (1973) The acquisition of phonology. A case study. Cambridge University Press. [aPMG]Google Scholar
Snow, C. E.Perlman, R. & Nathan, D. (1988) Why routines are different: Toward a multiple-factors model of the relation between input and language acquisition. In; Children's language, vol. 6, ed. Nelson, K. & Kleeck, A.. Erlbaum. [aPMG]Google Scholar
Stanyon, R.Chiarelli, B.Gottlieb, K. & Patton, W. H. (1986) The phylogenetic and toxonomic status of Pan paniscus: A chromosomal perspective. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 69:489–98. [RAG]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Steklis, H. D. (1988) Primate communication, comparative neurology, and the origin of language reexamined. In: The genesis of language, ed. Landsberg, M. E.. Mouton de Gruyter. [aPMG]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Steklis, H. D. & Hamad, S. R. (1976) From hand to mouth: Some critical stages in the evolution of language. In: Origins and evolution of language and speech 280:445–55, ed. Hamad, S. R.Steklis, H. D. & Lancaster, J.. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. [aPMG]Google ScholarPubMed
Stokoe, W. C.Casterline, D. & Croneberg, C. G. (1965) A dictionary of American Sign Language on linguistic principles. Gallaudet College Press. [RAG]Google Scholar
Studdert-Kennedy, M. (1991) Language development from an evolutionary perspective. In: Biological and behavioral determinants of language development, ed. Krasnegor, N. A.Rumbaugh, D. M.Schiefelbusch, R. L., & Studdert-Kennedy, M.. Erlbaum. [aPMG]Google Scholar
Studdert-Kennedy, M. (1990) This view of language. Behavioral and brain Sciences 13:758–59. [RMG]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stuss, D. T. & Benson, D. F. (1984) Neuropsychological studies of the frontal lobes. Psychological Bulletin 95. [JG]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stuss, D. T. & Benson, D. F. (1986) The frontal lobes. Raven Press. [aPMG, PL]Google Scholar
Sugarman, S. (1973) A description of communicative development in the prelanguage child. Unpub. honor's thesis, Hampshire College. [JCG]Google Scholar
Sugiyama, Y. & Koman, J. (1979) Tool-using and -making behavior in wild chimpanzees at Bossou, Guinea. Primates 20(4):513–24. [aPMG]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sutton, D. & Jurgens, U. (1988) Neural control of vocalization. In: Comparative primate biology, vol. 4, ed. Steklis, H. D. & Erwin, J.. Arthur D. Liss. [PL]Google Scholar
Terrace, H. S. (1979) Nim. Knopf. [RAG]Google Scholar
Terrace, H. S.Petitto, L. A.Sanders, F. J. & Bever, T. G. (1979) Can an ape create a sentence? Science 206:891–900. [rPMG]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Thatcher, R. W. (1989) Nonlinear dynamics of human cerebral development. Paper presented at the International Conference Mechanisms of Mind, Havana, Cuba, February. [RWT]Google Scholar
Thatcher, R. W. (1991a) Maturation of the human frontal lobes: Physiological evidence for staging. Developmental Neuropsychology 7(3):397–419. [RWT]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thatcher, R. W. (1991b) Regional maturation of the human frontal lobes: Birth to 5 years. Brain and Cognition (in press). [RWT]Google Scholar
Thatcher, R. W.Krause, P. & Hrybykl, M. (1986) Corticocortical association fibers and EEG coherence: A two comparative model. Electroencephalographical Clinical Neurophysiology 64:123–43. [RWT]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thatcher, R. W.Walker, R. A. & Guidice, S. (1987) Human cerebral hemispheres develop at different rates and ages. Science 236:1110–13. [aPMG, BJ, RWT]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Thieme, H. & Veil, S. (1985) Neue Untersuchungen zum eemzeitlichen Elefanten-Jagdplatz Lehringen, Ldkr. Verden. Die Kunde N.F. 36:11–58. [WN]Google Scholar
Tomasello, M. (1990) Cultural transmission in the tool use and communicatory signalling of chimpanzees. In: “Language” and intelligence in monkeys and apes, ed. Parker, S. & Gibson, E. R.. Cambridge University Press. [MT]Google Scholar
(in press a) First verbs: A case study of early grammatical development. Cambridge University Press. [MT]Google Scholar
(in press b) Processes of communication in the origins of language. In: Studies in language origins, vol. 2, ed. von Raffler-Engle, W.. John Benjamins. [MT]Google Scholar
Tomasello, M. & Farrar, J. (1984) Cognitive bases of lexical development: Object permanence and relational words. Journal of Child Language 11:477–93. [MT]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tomasello, M. & Farrar, J. (1986) Object permanence and relational words: A lexical training study. Journal of Child Language 13:495–506. [MT]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Torigoe, T. (1985) Comparison of object manipulation among 74 species of nonhuman primates. Primates 26:182–94. [DMF]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Toth, N. & Schick, K. (1990) Early stone technologies and linguistic/cognitive inferences. Paper pre-circulated and presented at the Wenner-Gren Foundation for Anthropological Research International Symposium 110, Tools, language and intelligence: evolutionary implications. Cascais, Portugal, March. [WN]Google Scholar
Trevarthen, C. & Hubley, P. (1978) Secondary inter subjectivity: Confidence, confiding and acts of meaning in the first year. In: Action, gesture and symbol: The emergence of language, ed. Lock, A.. Academic Press. [JCG]Google Scholar
Valian, V. (1986) Syntactic categories in the speech of young children. Developmental Psychology 22:562–79. [aPMG]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Van Cantfort, T. E. & Rimpau, J. B. (1982) Sign language studies with children and chimpanzees. Sign Language Studies 34:15–72. [RAG]Google Scholar
Vihman, M. (1991) Motor control and evolution of phonological patterns: An analysis of syllables at the onset of speech. In: Phonological development, ed. Ferguson, C. A., Menn, L. & Stoel-Gammon, C.. York Press. [PFM]Google Scholar
Vihman, M., Maehen, M., Miller, R., Simmons, H. & Miller, J. (1985) From babbling to speech: A reassessment of the continuity issue. Language 60:397–445. [PFM]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Villa, P. (1983) Terra Amata and the Middle Pleistocene archaeological record of southern France. University of California Press. [WN]Google Scholar
Visalberghi, E. (1990a) Capuchin monkeys. A window into tool use activities by apes and humans. Paper presented at the Wenner-Gren Foundation for Anthropological Research International Symposium 110, Tools, language and intelligence: Evolutionary implications. Cascais, Portugal.* [aPMG]Google Scholar
Visalberghi, E. (1990b) Tool use in Cebus. Folia Primatologica 54:146–54. [JRA, DMF]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Visalberghi, E. & Fragaszy, D. M. (1990) Do monkeys ape? In “Language” and intelligence in monkeys and apes, ed. Parker, S. T. & Gibson, K. R.. Cambridge University Press. [WN]Google Scholar
Visalberghi, E. & Trinca, L. (1989) Tool use in capuchin monkeys: Distinguishing between performing and understanding. Primates 30:511–21. [JRA]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Volterra, V. (1987) From single communicative signal to linguistic combinations in hearing and deaf children. In: Symbolism and knowledge, ed. Montangero, J., Tryphon, A. & Dionnet, S.. Cahier 8. Jean Piaget Archives Foundation. [aPMG]Google Scholar
Waterson, N. (1971) Child phonology: A prosodic view. Journal of Linguistics 7:179–211. [rPMG]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Weist, R. M., Wysocka, H., Witkowska, H., Witkowska-Stadnik, K., Buczowska, E. & Konieczna, E. (1984) The defective tense hypothesis: On the emergence of tense and aspect in child Polish. Journal of Child Language 11:347–74. [rPMG, PB]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Werner, H. (1957) The concept of development from a comparative and organismic point of view. In: The concept of development: An issue in the study of human behavior, ed. Harris, D. B.. University of Minnesota Press. [aPMG]Google Scholar
Westergaard, G. C. (1988) Lion-tailed macaques (Macaca silenps) manufacture and use tools. Journal of Comparative Psychology 102:152–59. [JRA]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Westergaard, G. C. & Fragaszy, D. M. (1985) Effects of manipulatable objects on the activity of captive capuchin monkeys (Cebus apella). Zoo Biology 4:317–27. [JRA]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
White, R. (1989) Production complexity and standardizing in early Aurignacian bead and pendant manufacture. In: The human revolution, ed. Mellars, P. & Stringer, C.. Princeton University Press. [MT]Google Scholar
Wright, R. (1972) Imitative learning of a flaked stone technology - the case of an orangutan. Mankind 8:296–306. [RAG]Google Scholar
Wynn, T. (1990) Layers of thinking in tool behavior. Paper pre-circulated and presented at the Wenner-Gren Foundation for Anthropological Research International Symposium 110, Tools, language and intelligence: Evolutionary implications. Cascais, Portugal, March.* [WN, TW]Google Scholar
Wynn, T. & McGrew, W. C. (1989) An ape's view of the Oldowan. Man: Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute 24:383–98. [WN, TW]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yamada, J. (1981) Evidence for the independence of language and cognition: Case study of a “hyperlinguistic” retarded adolescent. UCLA Working Papers in Cognitive Linguistics 3:121–60. [aPMG]Google Scholar
Zurif, E. (1987) Aphasia. In: Encyclopedia of neuroscience, vol. 2, ed. Adelman, G.. Birkhauser. [PFM]Google Scholar
Zurif, E. B. & Caramazza, A. (1976) Psycholinguistic structures in aphasia: Studies in syntax and semantics. In: Studies in neurolinguistics, vol. 1, ed. Whitaker, H. & Whitaker, H. A.. Academic Press. [aPMG]Google Scholar