Anderson, J. A. (1990) Hybrid computation in cognitive science: Neural networks and symbols. Applied Cognitive Psychology 4:337–47. [GT]10.1002/acp.2350040408Google Scholar

Anderson, J. R. (1983) The architecture of cognition. Harvard University Press. [aMSH]Google Scholar

Anderson, J. R. & Bower, C. H. (1972) Recognition and retrieval processes in free recall. Psychological Review 79:97–123. [arMSH]10.1037/h0033773Google Scholar

Anderson, J. R. & Bower, C. H. (1973) Human associative memory. Winston & Son. [aMSH]Google Scholar

Anderson, J. R. & Milson, R. (1989) Human memory: An adaptive perspective. Psychological Review 96:703–20. [arMSH]10.1037/0033-295X.96.4.703Google Scholar

Bain, J. D. & Humphreys, M. S. (1988) Relational context: Independent cues, meanings or configurations? In: Memory in context: Context in memory, ed. Thomson, D. M. & Davies, G. M.. Wiley & Sons. [GT]Google Scholar

Bain, J. D. & Humphreys, M. S. (1989) Instructional reinstatement of context: The forgotten prerequisite. In: Proceedings of the 24th international congress of psychology, vol. 3, ed. McConkey, K. & Bennett, A.. Elsevier. [aMSH]Google Scholar

Balota, D. A. & Chumbley, J. I. (1984) Are lexical decisions a good measure of lexical access? The role of word frequency in the neglected decision stage. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 10:340–57. [rMSH, AMJ]Google Scholar

Baron, J. (1985) Back to basics. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 8:706. [AMJ]10.1017/S0140525X00045702Google Scholar

Barsalou, L. W. (1987) The instability of graded structure: Implications for the nature of concepts. In: Concepts and conceptual development: Ecological factors in categorization, ed. Neisser, U.. Cambridge University Press. [FvdV]Google Scholar

Bechtel, W. & Richardson, R. C. (1993) Discovering complexity: Decomposition and localization as strategies in scientific research. Princeton University Press. [AMJ]Google Scholar

Becker, C. A. (1980) Semantic context effects in visual word recognition: An analysis of semantic strategies. Memory & Cognition 8:493–512. [aMSH]Google Scholar

Békésy, G. von (1967) Sensory inhibition. Princeton University Press. [DJM]Google Scholar

Bernstein, I. H. & Welch, K. R. (1991) Awareness, false recognition, and the Jacoby-Whitehouse effect. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Ceneral 120:324–28. [arMSH]10.1037/0096-3445.120.3.324Google Scholar

Broadbent, D. E. (1985) A question of levels: Comment on McClelland and Rumelhart. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 114:189–92. [FvdV]10.1037/0096-3445.114.2.189Google Scholar

Butters, N. & Cermak, L. S. (1980) Alcoholic Korsakoff's Syndrome: An information processing approach to amnesia. Academic Press. [MO-B]Google Scholar

Caramazza, A. & Hillis, A. (1990) Levels of representation, coordinate frames, and unilateral neglect. Cognitive Neuropsychology 7:391–445. [AMJ]Google Scholar

Caramazza, A. & Miceli, G. (1990) The structure of graphemic representations. Cognition 37:243–97. [AMJ]Google Scholar

Caramazza, A., Laudanna, A. & Romani, C. (1988) Lexical access and inflectional morphology. Cognition 28:297–332. [AMJ]Google Scholar

Carr, T. H. (1992) Automaticity and cognitive anatomy: Is word recognition “automatic”? American Journal of Psychology 105:201–37. [AMJ]Google Scholar

Chappell, M. & Humphreys, M. S. (1994) An auto-associative neural network for sparse representations: Analysis and application to models of recognition and cued recall. Psychological Review 101:103–28. [arMSH, RAH, AMJ]Google Scholar

Chomsky, N. (1965) Aspects of the theory of syntax. MIT Press. [AMJ]Google Scholar

Cialdini, R. B., Kallgren, C. A. & Reno, R. R. (1991) A focus theory of normative conduct: A theoretical refinement and reevaluation of the roles of norms in human behavior. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology 24:201–34. [YK]Google Scholar

Collins, A. M. & Loftus, E. F. (1975) A spreading activation theory of semantic processing. Psychological Review 82:407–28. [SK]10.1037/0033-295X.82.6.407Google Scholar

Coltheart, M., Curtis, B., Atkins, P. & Haller, M. (1993) Models of reading aloud: Dual-rout approaches and parallel-distributed-processing approaches. Psychological Review 100:589–608. [AMJ]10.1037/0033-295X.100.4.589Google Scholar

Coltheart, M., Davelaar, E., Jonasson, J. T. & Besner, D. (1977) Access to the internal lexicon. In: Attention and performance VI, ed. Dornic, S.. Academic Press. [AMJ]Google Scholar

Content, A., Mousty, P. & Radeau, M. (1990) BRULEX: Une base de donnéies lexicales informatisée pour le Francais écrit et parlé. Année Psychologique 90:551–66. [AMJ]10.3406/psy.1990.29428Google Scholar

Craik, F. I. M. & Lockhart, R. S. (1972) Levels of processing: A framework for memory research. Journal of Verbal Learning and Behavior 11:671–84. [RLG]Google Scholar

Crick, F. (1989) The recent excitement about neural networks. Nature 337:129–32. [IJM]Google Scholar

Crutchfield, J. P. & Mitchell, M. (in press) The evolution of emergent computation. Science. [TC]Google Scholar

Dennett, D. C. (1991) Consciousness explained. Little, Brown and Co. [rMSH, TC]Google Scholar

Dodwell, P. C. (1983) The lie transformation group model of visual perception. Perception and Psychophysics 34:1–16. [TC]10.3758/BF03205890Google Scholar

(1993) From the top down. Canadian Psychology 34:137–51. [DJM]Google Scholar

Dunn, J. C. & Kirsner, K. (1989) Implicit memory: Task or process. In: Implicit memory: Theoretical issues, ed. Lewandowsky, S., Dunn, J. C. & Kirsner, K.. Erlbaum. [rMSH]Google Scholar

Eichenbaum, H., Otto, T., & Cohen, N. J. (1994) Two functional components of the hippocampal memory system. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 17 (3):449–72. [rMSH]Google Scholar

Fazio, R. H. (1986) How do attitudes guide behavior? In: Handbook of motivation and cognition, ed. Sorrentino, R. M. & Higgins, E. T.. Guilford Press. [YK]Google Scholar

Fechner, G. T. (1860/1964) Elemente der Psychophysik, vols. 1 and 2. Leipzig: Breitkopf & Härtel. (Reprinted 1964 E.J. Bonset). [DJM]Google Scholar

Feldman, J. A. & Ballard, D. H. (1982) Connectionist models and their properties. Cognitive Science 6:205–54. [aMSH]Google Scholar

Flexser, A. L. & Tulving, E. (1978) Retrieval independence in recognition and recall. Psychological Review 85:153–71. [aMSH]10.1037/0033-295X.85.3.153Google Scholar

Frauenfelder, U., Baayen, R. H., Hellwig, F. M. & Schreuder, R. (1993) Neighborhood density and frequency across languages and modalities. Journal of Memory and Language 32:781–804. [AMJ]Google Scholar

Gaffan, D. (1974) Recognition impaired and association intact in the memory of monkeys after transection of the fornix. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology 86:1100–1109. [aMSH, MO-B]10.1037/h0037649Google Scholar

Gardiner, J. M. & Java, R. I. (1990) Recollective experience in word and nonword recognition. Memory & Cognition 18:23–30. [rMSH]10.3758/BF03202642Google Scholar

Gibson, J. J. (1979) The ecological approach to visual perception. Houghton Mifflin. [SAS]Google Scholar

Graf, P. & Schacter, D. (1985) Implicit and explicit memory for new associations in normal and amnesic subjects. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 11:501–18. [arMSH]Google Scholar

Graf, P., Squire, L. R. & Mandler, G. (1984) The information that amnesic patients do not forget. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 10:164–78. [aMSH]Google Scholar

Grainger, J. (1992) Orthographic neighborhoods and visual word recognition. In: Orthography, phonology, morphology, and meaning, ed. Frost, R. & Katz, L.. Amsterdam: North-Holland. [AMJ]Google Scholar

Grainger, J. & Jacobs, A. M. (1993a) Masked partial-word priming in visual word recognition: Effects of positional letter frequency. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 19:951–64. [AMJ]Google Scholar

Grainger, J. & Jacobs, A. M. (1993b) Modeling neighborhood effects in lexical decision. Paper presented at the 34th Annual Meeting of The Psychonomic Society, Washington, DC. [AMJ]Google Scholar

Grainger, J. & Jacobs, A. M. (1994) A dual-read out model of word context effects in letter perception: Further investigations of the word superiority effect. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 6. [AMJ]Google Scholar

Grainger, J. & Jacobs, A. M. (submitted) A three-process model of lexical decision and word recognition. [AMJ]Google Scholar

Grainger, J., O'Regan, J. K., Jacobs, A. M. & Segui, J. (1989) On the role of competing word units in visual word recognition: The neighborhood frequency effect. Perception & Psychophysics 45:189–95. [AMJ]Google Scholar

Grainger, J., O'Regan, J. K., Jacobs, A. M. (1992) Neighborhood frequency effects and letter visibility in visual word recognition. Perception & Psychophysics 51:49–56. [AMJ]Google Scholar

Haist, F., Shimamura, A. P. & Squire, L. R. (1992) On the relationship between recall and recognition memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 18:691–702. [SK]Google Scholar

Halford, G. S., Wilson, W. H., Guo, J., Wiles, J. & Stewart, J. E. M. (in press) Connectionist implications for processing capacity limitations in analogies. In: Advances in connectionist and neural computation theory. Vol. 2: Analogical connections, ed. Holyoak, K. J. & Barnden, J.. Able. [aMSH]Google Scholar

Hayman, C. G. & Tulving, E. (1989) Contingent dissociation between recognition and fragment completion: The method of triangulation. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 15:228–40. [SK]Google Scholar

Heath, R. A. (1993) A nonlinear model for human associative memory based on error accumulation. In: Proceedings of the fourth Australian conference on neural networks, ed. Leong, P. & Jabri, M.. University of Sydney Electrical Engineering. [RAH]Google Scholar

Heathcote, A. (1993) Episodic ART: A model of episodic recognition memory. Proceedings of the World Congress on Neural Networks 2:194–97. [RAH]Google Scholar

Helson, H. (1964) Adaptation-level theory: An experimental and systematic approach to behaviour. Harper & Sons. [DJM]Google Scholar

Hintzman, D. L. (1986) Schema abstraction in a multiple trace memory model. Psychological Review 93:429–45. [aMSH]Google Scholar

Hintzman, D. L. (1987) Recognition and recall in MINERVA 2: Analysis of the recognition failure paradigm. In: Modelling cognition, ed. Morris, P.. Wiley. [GT]Google Scholar

Hintzman, D. L. (1990) Human learning and memory connections and dissociations. Annual Revieiv of Psychology 41:103–39. [GT]Google Scholar

Hobbs, M. (1992) RISC/CISC development and test support. Prentice Hall. [RAH]Google Scholar

Hoffman, W. C. & Dodwell, P. C. (1985) Geometric psychology generates the visual Gestalt. Canadian Journal of Psychology 39:491–. [DJM]10.1037/h0080077Google Scholar

Humphreys, M. S. (1976) Relational information and the context effect in recognition memory. Memory & Cognition 4:221–31. [GT]Google Scholar

Humphreys, M. S. & Bain, J. D. (1983) Recognition memory: A cue and information analysis. Memory & Cognition 11:583–600. [rMSH]Google Scholar

Humphreys, M. S. & Bain, J. D. (1992) Episodic and strength components in recognition memory. In: Relating theory and data: Essays in honor of Bennet B. Murdock, ed. Hockley, W. & Lewandowsky, S.. Erlbaum. [rMSH]Google Scholar

Humphreys, M.S., Bain, J. D. & Burt, J. S. (1989a) Episodically unique and generalized memories: Applications to human and animal amnesics. In: Implicit memory: Theoretical issues, ed. Lewandowsky, S., Dunn, J. C. & Kirsner, K.. Erlbaum. [arMSH]Google Scholar

Humphreys, M. S., Bain, J. D. & Pike, R. (1989b) Different ways to cue a coherent memory system: A theory for episodic, semantic and procedural tasks. Psychological Review 96:208–33. [arMSH, KM]Google Scholar

Humphreys, M. S. & Dennis, S. (1994) Going from task descriptions to memory descriptions. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 17 (3):483. [rMSH]Google Scholar

Humphreys, M. S., Wiles, J. & Bain, J. D. (1993) Memory retrieval with two cues: Think of intersecting sets. In: Attention and performance XIV: Synergies in experimental psychology, artificial intelligence, and cognitive neuropsychology – a silver jubilee. MIT Press. [arMSH, MO-B]Google Scholar

Huppert, F. A. & Piercy, M. (1976) Recognition memory in amnesic patients: Effect of temporal context and familiarity of material. Cortex 12:3–20. [SK]10.1016/S0010-9452(76)80024-XGoogle Scholar

Jacobs, A. M. (1987) On localization and saccade programming. Vision Research 27:1953–66. [AMJ]10.1016/0042-6989(87)90060-5Google Scholar

Jacobs, A. M. & Grainger, J. (1992) Testing a semistochastic variant of the interactive activation model in different word recognition experiments. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 18:1174–8. [AMJ]Google Scholar

Jacobs, A. M. & Grainger, J. (1994) Models of visual recognition: Sampling the state of the art. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 6. [AMJ]Google Scholar

Jacobs, A. M., Heller, D. & Nazir, T. A. (1992) Moglithkeiten einer experimentellen Dyslexieforschung auf der Basis der aktuellcn Lesepsychologie. Schweizerische Zeitschrift für Psychologic 51:26–42. [AMJ]Google Scholar

Jacoby, L. L. (1983a) Remembering the data: Analyzing interactive processes in reading. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior 22:485–508. [aMSH]10.1016/S0022-5371(83)90301-8Google Scholar

Jacoby, L. L. (1983b) Perceptual enhancement: Persistent effects of an experience. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 9:21–38. [rMSH]Google Scholar

Jacoby, L. L. (1991) A process dissociation framework: Separating automatic from intentional uses of memory. Journal of Memory and Language 30:513–41. [rMSH]10.1016/0749-596X(91)90025-FGoogle Scholar

Jacoby, L. L. & Dallas, M. (1981) On the relationship between autobiographical memory and perceptual learning. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 110:21–38. [aMSH]Google Scholar

Jacoby, L. L. & Hollingshead, A. (1990) Toward a generate/recognize model of performance on direct and indirect tests of memory. Journal of Memory and Language 29:433–54. [aMSH]10.1016/0749-596X(90)90065-8Google Scholar

Johnston, W. A., Dark, V. J. & Jacoby, L. L. (1985) Perceptual fluency and recognition judgments. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 11:3–11. [SK]Google Scholar

Johnston, W. A., Hawley, K. J. & Elliott, M. G. (1991) Contribution of perceptual fluency to recognition judgments. Journal of Experimental sychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 17:210–23. [SK]Google Scholar

Jones, G. V. (1978) Recognition failure and dual mechanisms in recall. Psychological Review 85:464–69. [GT]Google Scholar

Kanerva, P. (1988) Sparse distributed memory. MIT Press. [TC]Google Scholar

Kashima, Y. & Gallois, C. (1993) The theory of reasoned action and problemfocused research. In: The theory of reasoned action, ed. Terry, D. J., Gallois, C. & McCamish, M.. Pergamon Press. [YK]Google Scholar

Kashima, Y. & Kerekes, A. (1994) A distributed memory model of averaging phenomena in person impression formation. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology. In press. [YK]10.1006/jesp.1994.1021Google Scholar

Kohler, W. (1969) The task of Gestalt psychology. Princeton University Press. [DJM]Google Scholar

Kosslyn, S. M. & Intriligator, J. M. (1992) Is cognitive neuropsychology plausible? The perils of sitting on a one-legged stool. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 4:96–106. [AMJ]Google Scholar

Laming, D. (1986) Sensory analysis. Academic Press. [DJM]Google Scholar

Lindsay, D. S. (1991) CHARMed, but not convinced: Comment on Metcalfe. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Ceneral 120:101–05. [rMSH]10.1037/0096-3445.120.1.101Google Scholar

Link, S. W. (1992) The wave theory of difference and similarity. Erlbaum. [DJM]Google Scholar

Mahut, H., Zola-Morgan, S. M. & Moss, M. (1982) Hippocampal resections impair associative learning and recognition memory in the monkey. The Journal of Neuroscience 2:1214–29. [Mo-B]10.1523/JNEUROSCI.02-09-01214.1982Google Scholar

Mandler, G. (1980) Recognizing: The judgment of previous occurrence. Psychological Review 87:252–71. [aMSH, SK]Google Scholar

Mandler, G. (1991) Your face looks familiar but I can't remember your name: A review of dual-process theory. In: Relating theory and data: Essays on Human Memory in honor of Bennet B. Murdock, ed. Hockey, W. E. & Lewandowsky, S.. Erlbaum. [GT]Google Scholar

Manelis, L. (1974) The effect of meaningfulness in tachistoscopic word perception. Perception b Psychophysics 16:182–92. [rMSH]Google Scholar

Marr, D. (1981) Artificial Intelligence: A personal view. In: Mind design: Philosophy, psychology, artificial intelligence. MIT Press. [rMSH, FvdV]Google Scholar

Marr, D. (1982) Vision: A computational investigation into the human representation and processing of visual information. Freeman. [aMSH, TC, RLG, AMJ, DJM, KM, FvdV]Google Scholar

Marslen-Wilson, W. D. (1987) Functional parallelism in spoken wordrecognition. Cognition 25:71–102. [aMSH]Google Scholar

Martone, M., Becker, J. T., Payne, M. & Butters, N. (1983) Dissociations between skill learning and verbal recognition in amnesia and dementia. Society for Neuroscience Abstracts 9:27. [MO-B]Google Scholar

Massaro, D. W. (1987) Speech perception by ear and eye: A paradigm for psychological inquiry. Erlbaum. [AMJ]Google Scholar

Massaro, D. W., Weldon, M. S. & Kitzis, S. N. (1991) Integration of orthographic and semantic information in memory retrieval, journal of Expertimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 17:277–87. [AMJ]Google Scholar

McClelland, J. L. & Rumelhart, D. E. (1981) An interactive activation model of context effects in letter perception: Part I. An account of basic findings. Psychological Review 88:375–407. [AMJ]Google Scholar

McConkie, C. W., Kerr, P. W., Reddix, M. D., Zola, D. & Jacobs, A. M. (1989) Eye movement: control during reading: II. Frequency of refixating a word. Perception O Psychophysics 46:245–53. [AMJ]10.3758/BF03208086Google Scholar

McCullers, J. C. (1965) Type of associative interference in verbal pairedassociate learning. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior 4:12–16. [aMSH]10.1016/S0022-5371(65)80061-5Google Scholar

Mcdin, D. L. & Sloben, E. J. (1988) Context and structure in conceptual combination. Cognitice Psychology 20:158–90. [SAS]Google Scholar

Mcdnik, S. A. (1962) The associative basis of the creative process. Psychological Review 69:220–32. [rMSH]Google Scholar

Mctcalfe, J. (1990) Composite holographic associative recall model (CHARM) and blended memories in eyewitness testimony. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 119:145–60. [arMSH]10.1037/0096-3445.119.2.145Google Scholar

Mctcalfe-Eich, J. (1982) A composite holographic associative recall model. Psychological Review 89:627–61. [IJM]10.1037/0033-295X.89.6.627Google Scholar

Mctcalfe-Eich, J. (1985) Levels of processing, encoding specificity, elaboration and CHARM. Psychological Review 92:1–38. [GT]10.1037/0033-295X.92.1.1Google Scholar

Mctcalfe-Eich, J. (1991) Recognition failure and the composite memory trace in CHARM. Psychological Review 98:529–53. [GT]Google Scholar

Mishkin, M. (1993) Behaviorism, cognitivism and the neuropsychology of memory. American Scientist 82:30–37. [MO-B]Google Scholar

Monk, A. F. (1985) Co-ordinate systems in visual word recognition. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 37(A):613–25. [AMJ]Google Scholar

Moscovitch, M. (1989) Confabulation and the frontal system: Strategic vs. associative retrieval in neuropsychological theories of memory. In: Varieties of memory and consciousness: Essays in honor of Endel Tulving, ed. Roediger, H. L. & Craik, F. I. M.. Erlbaum. [SK]Google Scholar

Moscovitch, M. (1992) A neuropsychological model of memory and consciousness. In: Neuropsychology of memory, 2d ed, ed. Squire, L. R. & Butters, N.. Guilford. [SK]Google Scholar

Murdock, B. B. (1974) Human memory: Theory and data. Erlbaum. [aMSH]Google Scholar

Murdock, B. B. (1982) A theory for the retrieval and storage of item and associative information. Psychological Review 89:609–26. [aMSH, IJM]Google Scholar

Murnane, K. & Phelps, M. P. (1993) A global activation approach to the effect of changes in environmental context on recognition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 19:882–94. [KM]Google Scholar

Murnane, K. & Phelps, M. P. (1994a) When does a different environmental context make a difference in recognition? A global activation model. Memory & Cognition. In press. [KM]Google Scholar

Murnane, K. & Phelps, M. P. (1994b) The effects of changes in relative cue strength on context-dependent recognition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition. In press. [KM]Google Scholar

Murnane, K. & Shiffrin, R. M. (1991) Interference and the representation of events in memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 17:855–74. [KM]Google Scholar

Murray, D. J. (1993) A perspective for viewing the history of psychophysics. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 16:115–18. [DJM]Google Scholar

Nazir, T. A., Heller, D. & Sussmann, C. (1992) Letter visibility and word recognition: The optimal viewing position in printed words. Perception i: Psychophysics 52:315–28. [AMJ]Google Scholar

Nelson, D. L. & McEvoy, C. L. (1979) Effects of retention interval and modality on sensory and semantic trace information. Memory& Cognition 7:257–62. [aMSH]Google Scholar

Nelson, D. L., Schreiber, T. A. & McEvoy, C. L. (1992) Processing implicit and explicit representations. Psychological Review 99:322–48. [aMSH]Google Scholar

Norman, D. A. (1966) Acquisition and retention in short-term memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology 72:369–81. [aMSH]Google Scholar

Norman, D. A. & Wickclgren, W. A. (1965) Short-term recognition memory for single digits and pairs of digits. Journal of Experimental Psychology 70:479–89. [aMSH]10.1037/h0022544Google Scholar

Norris, D. (1986) Word recognition: Context effects without priming. Cognition 22:93–136. [aMSH]Google Scholar

Norwich, K. H. (1993) Information, sensation and perception. Academic Press. [DJM]Google Scholar

O'Regan, J. K. & Jacobs, A. M. (1992) Optimal viewing position effect in word recognition: A challenge to current theory. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 18:185–97. [AMJ]Google Scholar

O'Regan, J. K., Levy-Schoen, A., Pynte, J. & Brugaill, (1984) Convenient fixation location within isolated words of different length and structure. Journal of Experimental Psychology, Human Perception and Performance 10:250–57. [AMJ]Google Scholar

Oscar-Berman, M. (1984) Comparative neuropsychology and alcoholic Korsakoff's disease. In: Neuropsychology of memory, ed. Squires, L. & Butters, N.. Guilford Press. [MO-B]Google Scholar

Oscar-Berman, M. (1990) Severe brain dysfunction: Alcoholic Korsakoff's syndrome. Alcohol Health and Research World 14:120–29. [MO-B]Google Scholar

Oscar-Berman, M., Pulaski, J. L. & Hutner, N. (in preparation) Association learning and recognition memory in alcoholism and aging. [MO-B]Google Scholar

Paap, K., Newsome, S. L., McDonald, J. E. & Schvaneveldt, R. W. (1982) An activation-verification model for letter and word recognition: The word superiority effect. Psychological Review 89:573–94. [AMJ]Google Scholar

Paller, K. A., Mayes, A. R., McDermott, M., Pickering, A. D. & Meudell, P. R. (1991) Indirect measures of memory in duration judgment task are normal in amnesic patients. Neuropsychologia 29:1007–18. [SK]Google Scholar

Parkin, A. J., Leng, N. R. C. & Hudkin, N. M. (1990) Differential sensitivity to context in diencephalic and temporal lobe amnesia. Cortex 26:373–80. [arMSH, MO-B]10.1016/S0010-9452(13)80087-1Google Scholar

Pike, R. (1984) A comparison of convolution and matrix distributed memory systems. Psychological Review 91:281–94. [rMSH]Google Scholar

Posner, M. I. & Carr, T. H. (1992) Lexical access and the brain: Anatomical constraints on cognitive models of word recognition. American Journal of Psychology 105:1–26. [AMJ]10.2307/1422979Google Scholar

Raaijmakers, J. G. W. & Shiffrin, R. M. (1981) Search of associative memory. Psychological Review 88:93–134. [aMSH, KM]10.1037/0033-295X.88.2.93Google Scholar

Rajaram, S. (1993) Remembering and knowing: Two means of access to the personal past. Memory & Cognition 21:89–102. [SK]Google Scholar

Ratcliff, R. (1990) Connectionist models of recognition memory: Constraints imposed by learning and forgetting functions. Psychological Review 97:285–308. [rMSH, RAH]Google Scholar

Ratcliff, R., Clark, S. E. & Shiffrin, R. M. (1990) The list-strength effect: I. Data and discussion. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 16:163–78. [RAH]Google Scholar

Richardson-Klavehn, A. & Bjork, R. A. (1988) Measures of memory. Annual Review of Psychology 39:475–543. [aMSH]10.1146/annurev.ps.39.020188.002355Google Scholar

Rips, L. J., Shoben, E. J. & Smith, E. E. (1973) Semantic distance and the verification of semantic relations. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior 12:1–20. [SK]Google Scholar

Roberts, F. S. (1979) Measurement theory. Addison-Wesley. [IJM]Google Scholar

Rodet, L. & Tiberghien, G. (1994) Toward a dynamic model of associative semantic memory. Journal of Biological Systems. [GT]Google Scholar

Roediger, H. L. III, Weldon, M. S.. Stadler, M. L. & Riegler, G. L. (1992) Direct comparison of two implicit memory tests: Word fragment and word stem completion. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 18:1251–69. [arMSH]Google Scholar

Rubin, D. C. & Wallace, W. T. (1989) Rhyme and reason: Analysis of dual retrieval cues. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 15:698–709. [aMSH]Google Scholar

Schönemann, P. H. (1987) Some algebraic relations between involutions, convolutions, and correlations, with applications to holographic memories. Biological Cybernetics 56:367–74. [IJM]Google Scholar

Schreiber, A-C., Rousset, S. & Tiberghien, G. (1991) Facenet: A connectionist model of face identification in context. European Journal of Cognitive Psychology 3:177–98. [GT]Google Scholar

Schweikert, R. (1980) Critical-path scheduling of mental processes in a dual task. Science 209:704–6. [RAH]10.1126/science.7394529Google Scholar

Searle, J. R. (1992) The rediscovery of the mind. MIT Press. [rMSH, TC]Google Scholar

Seidenberg, M. S. & McClelland, J. L. (1989) A distributed developmental model of word recognition and naming. Psychological Review 96:523–68. [AMJ]Google Scholar

Shanon, B. (1992) Are connectionist models cognitive? Philosophical Psychology 5:235–55. [GT]10.1080/09515089208573059Google Scholar

Shimamura, A. P., Janowsky, J. S. & Squire, L. R. (1991) What is the role of frontal lobe damage in memory disorders? In: Frontal lobe function and dysfunction, ed. Levin, H. S., Eisenberg, H. M. & Benton, A. L.. Oxford University Press. [SK]Google Scholar

Simon, H. A. (1969/1981) The sciences of the artificial, 2d ed. MIT Press. [DJM]Google Scholar

Sloman, S. A. & Rumelhart, D. E. (1992) Reducing interference in distributed memories through episodic gating. In: From learning theory to cognitive theory: Essays in honor of William K. Estes, vol. I, ed. Healy, A. F., Kosslyn, S. M. & Shiffrin, R. M.. Erlbaum. [aMSH]Google Scholar

Smolensky, P. (1986) Information processing in dynamical systems: Foundations of harmony theory. In: Parallel distributed processing: Explorations in the microstructure of cognition. Vol. I: Foundations, ed. Rumelhart, D. E., McClelland, J. L., and the PDP Research Group. MIT Press. [rMSH]Google Scholar

Shimamura, A. P. & Squire, L. R. (1986) Memory and meta-memory: A study of the feeling-of-knowing phenomenon in amnesic patients. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 12:452–60. [SK]Google Scholar

Squire, L. R., Shimanmra, A. P. & Graf, P. (1985) Independence of recognition memory and priming effects: A neuropsychological analysis. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 11:37–44. [SK]Google Scholar

Srull, T. K. & Wyer, R. S. (1989) Person memory and judgment. Psychological Review 96:58–83. [rMSH]Google Scholar

Sutherland, R. W. & Ruddy, J. W. (1989) Configural association theory: The role of the hippocampal formation in learning, memory, and amnesia. Psychobiology 17:129–44. [aMSH]Google Scholar

Tiberghien, G. (1981) Étude experimentale de I'activité de recherche mnesique dans la reconnaissance à long-terme [Experimental study of search process in long-term recognition]. L'Anndé Psychologique 8:385–408. [GT]Google Scholar

Tiberghien, G. (1982) Étude comparative de cinq modeles de la reconnaissance mnesique à long-termc [A comparative study of five long-term recognition memory models]. CPC: European Bulletin of Cognitive Psychology 2:31–48. [GT]Google Scholar

Tiberghien, G. (1984) Just how does ecphory work? Behavioral and Brain Sciences 7:255–56. [GT]Google Scholar

Tiberghien, G. (1986) Context effects in recognition memory for faces: Some theoretical problems. In: Aspects of face processing, ed. Ellis, H. D., Malcolm, A., Jeeves, R., Newcombe, F. & Young, A.. Dordrecht: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. [GT]Google Scholar

Tiberghien, G. (1989) Face processing and face semantics. In: Handbook of research on face processing, ed. Young, A. W. & Ellis, H. D.. North Holland Publishing. [GT]Google Scholar

Tiberghien, G. (1993) Questions de modelisation et de simulation cognitives [Problems in cognitive models and computer simulation]. In: Intelligence naturelle et intelligence artificiclle [Natural intelligence and artificial intelligence], ed. Le Ny, J-F. Presses Universitaires de France. [GT]Google Scholar

Tiberghien, G., Cauzinille, E. & Mathieu, J. (1979) Pre-decision and conditional search in long-term recognition memory. Acta Psychologica 43:329–43. [GT]Google Scholar

Tulving, E. (1972) Episodic and semantic memory. In: Organization of Memory, ed. Tulving, E. & Donaldson, W.. Academic Press. [aSMH, RLG]Google Scholar

Tulving, E. (1983) Elements of episodic memory. Oxford University Press. [aMSH]Google Scholar

Tulving, E. & Schacter, D. L. (1990) Priming and human memory systems. Science 247:301–96. [aMSH, DJM]Google Scholar

Tulving, E. & Thomson, D. M. (1973) Encoding specificity and retrieval processes in episodic memory. Psychological Review 80:352–73. [aMSH]Google Scholar

Underwood, B. J. (1957) Interference and forgetting. Psychological Review 64:49–60. [aMSH]Google Scholar

Underwood, B. J. (1977) Temporal codes for memories: Issues and problems. Erlbaum. [RLG]Google Scholar

Underwood, B. J. & Humphreys, M. S. (1979) Context change and the role of meaning in word recognition. American Journal of Psychology 96:58–83. [rMSH]Google Scholar

van Gelder, T. (1991) Representation in connectionist models. In: Philosophy and connectionist theory, ed. Ramsey, W., Rumelhart, D. & Stich, S.. Erlbaum. [aMSH]Google Scholar

Warrington, E. K. & Weiskrantz, L. (1970) Amnesic syndrome: Consolidation or retrieval? Nature 228:628–30. [MO-B]10.1038/228628a0Google Scholar

Watkins, M. J. (1981) Human memory and the information processing metaphor. Cognition 10:331–36. [aMSH]Google Scholar

Watkins, M. J. & Gibson, J. M. (1988) On the relations between perceptual priming and recognition memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 14:477–83. [SK]Google Scholar

Weber, E. U. & Murdock, B. B. (1989) Priming in a distributed memory system: Implications for models of implicit memory. In: Implicit memory: Theoretical Issues, ed. Lewandowsky, S., Dunn, J. C. & Kirsner, K.. Erlbaum. [aMSH]Google Scholar

Wiles, J. & Humphreys, M. S. (1993) Using artificial neural networks to model implicit and explicit memory. In: Implicit memory: Sew directions in cognition, development, and neuropsychology, ed. Graf, P. & Masson, M.. Erlbaum. [arMSH]Google Scholar

Wiles, J., Halford, G. S., Stewart, J. E. M., Humphreys, M. S., Bain, J. D. & Wilson, W. H. (1994) Tensor models: A creative basis for memory retrieval and analogical mapping. In: Artificial intelligence and creativity, ed. Dartnall, T.. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht. [aMSH]Google Scholar

Wiles, J., Humphreys, M. S., Bain, J. D. & Dennis, S. J. (1991) Direct memory access using two cues: Finding the intersection of sets in a connectionist model. In: Advances in neural infoniiation processing systems 3, ed. Lippman, R. P., Moody, J. E. & Touretzky, D. S.. Morgan Kaufman. [aMSH]Google Scholar

Wolff, C. (1734/1972) Psychologia rationalis. Reprinted in Christian Wolff: Cesammclte Werke, Part II,. vol. 6, ed. Ecole, J.. Georg Olms. [DJM]Google Scholar