Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-gb8f7 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-23T04:12:03.263Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Unity and diversity of neurelectric and psychophysical functions: The invariance question

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  04 February 2010

Gerald S. Wasserman  and
Lolin T. Wang-Bennett
Gerald S. Wasserman
Affiliation:
aDepartment of Psychological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907 Electronic mail: [email protected]
Lolin T. Wang-Bennett
Affiliation:
Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.
Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'
Type
Open Peer Commentary
Information
Behavioral and Brain Sciences , Volume 12 , Issue 2 , June 1989 , pp. 297 - 298
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1989

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Algom, D. & Cohen-Raz, L. (1984) Visual velocity input-output functions: The integration of distance and duration into subjective velocity. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 10:486–501. [JA]Google Scholar
Algom, D. & Marks, L. E. (1984) Individual differences in loudness processing and loudness scales. Journal of Experimental Psychology (General) 113:571–93. [aLEK, BS]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Allan, L. G. (1979) The perception of time. Perception & Psychophysics 26:340–54. [JA]Google Scholar
Anderson, J. R. (1976) Language, memory, and thought. Erlbaum. [LMW]Google Scholar
Anderson, N. H. (1970) Functional measurement and psychophysical judgment. Psychological Review 77:153–70. [aLEK, WJM]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Anderson, N. H. (1972) Cross-task validation of functional measurement. Perception & Psychophysics 12:389–95. [aLEK, NHA]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Anderson, N. H. (1974) Cross-task validation of functional measurement using judgments of total magnitude. Journal of Experimental Psychology 102:226–33. [aLEK]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Anderson, N. H. (1974a) Algebraic models in perception. In: Handbook of perception, vol. 2: Psychophysical judgment and measurement, ed. Carterette, E. C. & Friedman, M. P.. Academic Press. [DDD]Google Scholar
Anderson, N. H. (1977) Failure of additivity in bisection of length. Perception & Psychophysics 22:213–22. [ECP]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Anderson, N. H. (1981) Foundations of information integration theory. Academic Press. [NHA]Google Scholar
Anderson, N. H. (1982) Methods of information integration theory. Academic Press. [NHA]Google Scholar
Anderson, N. H. (in press) Integration psychophysics. In. Proceedings of the 1987 Fechner Symposium, Leipzig, ed. Geissler, H.-G.. [NHA]Google Scholar
Atkinson, W. H. (1982) A general equation for sensory magnitude. Perception & Psychophysics 31:26–40. [arLEK]Google Scholar
Attneave, F. (1962) Perception and related areas. In: Psychology: A study of a science, vol. 4, ed. Koch, S.. McGraw-Hill. [aLEK]Google Scholar
Attneave, F. (1972) The representation of physical space. In: Coding processes in human memory, ed. Melton, A. W. & Martin, E.. V. H. Winston. [RNS]Google Scholar
Attneave, F. & Olson, R. K. (1971) Pitch as a medium: A new approach to psychophysical scaling. American Journal of Psychology 84:147–66. [RNS]Google Scholar
Auerbach, C. (1971) Interdependence of Stevens' exponents and discriminability measures. Psychological Review 78:556. [aLEK]Google Scholar
Auerbach, C. (1973) A note on cross-modality matching. Quarterly Journal of Psychology 25:492–95. [aLEK]Google Scholar
Baird, J. C. (1970) A cognitive theory of psychophysics, II: Fechner's law and Stevens' law. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology 11:89–102. [aLEK]Google Scholar
Baird, J. C. (1970a) Psychophysical analysis of visual space. Pergamon. [JA]Google Scholar
Baird, J. C. (1975a) Psychophysical study of numbers, IV: Generalized preferred state theory. Psychological Research 38.175–87. [aLEK, JCB]Google Scholar
Baird, J. C. (1975b) Psychophysical study of numbers, V. Preferred state theory of matching functions. Psychological Research 38:189–207. [aLEK, JCB]Google Scholar
Baird, J. C., Green, D. M. & Luce, R. D. (1980) Variability and sequential effects in cross-modality matching of area and loudness. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 6:227–89. [DL]Google Scholar
Baird, J. C., Kreindler, M. & Jones, K. (1971) Generation of multiple ratio scales with a fixed stimulus attribute. Perception & Psychophysics 9:399–403. [rLEK, JCB]Google Scholar
Baird, J. C., Lewis, C. & Romer, D. (1970) Relative frequencies of numerical responses in ratio estimation. Perception & Psychophysics 8:358–62. [JCB]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baird, J. C., Merrill, A. A. & Tannenbaum, J. (1979) Cognitive representation of spatial relations, II: A familiar environment. Journal of Experimental Psychology (General) 108:92–98. [JCB]Google Scholar
Baird, J. C. & Noma, E. (1975) Psychophysical study of numbers, I: Generation of numerical response. Psychological Research 37.281–97. [aLEK]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baird, J. C. & Noma, E. (1978) Fundamentals of scaling and psychophysics. Wiley. [arLEK, MW]Google Scholar
Baird, J. C., Romer, D. & Stein, T. (1970) Test of a cognitive theory of psychophysics: Size discrimination. Perceptual and Motor Skills 30:495–501. [aLEK]Google Scholar
Baird, J. C. & Stein, T. (1970) When power functions fail: A theoretical explanation. Perceptual and Motor Skills 30:415–425. [aLEK]Google Scholar
Baird, J. C. & Szilagyi, P. (1977) Perception of psychophysical experiments, II: Model of scale values. Psychological Research 39:325–43. [JCB]Google Scholar
Baird, J. C., Wagner, M. & Noma, E. (1982) Impossible cognitive spaces. Geographical Analysis 14:204–16. [rLEK, JCB]Google Scholar
Baird, J. C., Weissman, S. M. & McHugo, G. (1977) Perception of psychophysical experiments, I: Scaling of methods. Psychological Research 39:311–23. [JCB]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Banks, W. P. & Coleman, M. J. (1981) Two subjective scales of number. Perception & Psychophysics 29:95–105. [aLEK]Google Scholar
Banks, W. P. & Hill, D. K. (1974) The apparent magnitude of number scaled by random production. Journal of Experimental Psychology (Monograph) 102:353–76. [aLEK]Google Scholar
Barlow, R. B. Jr, Snodderly, D. M. & Swadlow, H. A. (1978) Intensity coding in primate visual system. Experimental Brain Research 31.163–77. [aLEK]Google Scholar
Beck, J. & Shaw, W. A. (1967) Ratio-estimations of loudness intervals. American Journal of Psychology 80:59–65. [aLEK]Google Scholar
Bernoulli, D. (1954/1738) Exposition of a new theory on the measurement of risk. Translated from the Latin by Sommer, L.. Econometrika 22:23–36. [aLEK]Google Scholar
Bimbaum, M. H. (1974) Using contextual effects to derive psychophysical laws. Perception & Psychophysics 15:89–96. [aLEK]Google Scholar
Bimbaum, M. H. (1978) Differences and ratios in psychological measurement. In: Cognitive theory, vol. 3, ed. Castellan, N. J. & Restle, F.. Erlbaum. [MHB]Google Scholar
Bimbaum, M. H. (1980) Comparison of two theories of “ratio” and “difference” judgments. Journal of Experimental Psychology (General) 109:304–19. [aLEK, MHB, ECP]Google Scholar
Bimbaum, M. H. (1982) Controversies in psychological measurement. In: Social attitudes and psychophysical measurement. Erlbaum. [arLEK, MHB]Google Scholar
Bimbaum, M. H. & Elmasian, R. (1977) Loudness “ratios” and “differences” involve the same psychophysical operation. Perception & Psychophysics 22:383–91. [MHB]Google Scholar
Birnbaum, M. H. & Mellers, B. A. (1980) Context effects in category rating and magnitude estimation. Unpublished manuscript. Reported in M. H. Birnbaum (1982) Controversies in psychological measurement. In: Social attitudes and psychophysical measurement, ed. B. Wegener. Erlbaum. [JCB]Google Scholar
Birnbaum, M. H. & Veit, C. T. (1974) Scale-free tests of an additive model for the size-weight illusion. Perception & Psychophysics 16:276–82. [aLEK]Google Scholar
Birnbaum, M. H. & Veit, C. T. (1974a) Scale convergence as a criterion for rescaling: Information integration with difference, ratio, and averaging tasks. Perception & Psychophysics 15:7–15. [MHB]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Blankenship, D. A. & Anderson, N. H. (1976) Subjective duration: A functional measurement analysis. Perception & Psychophysics 20:168–72. [aLEK]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Borg, G., Diamant, H., Strom, L. & Zotterman, Y. (1967) The relation between neural and perceptual intensity: A comparative study on the neural and psychophysical response to taste stimuli. Journal of Physiology 1192:13–20. [GAG]Google Scholar
Borg, G. A. V. & Marks, L. E. (1983) Twelve meanings of the measure constant in psychophysical power functions. Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society 21:73–75 [aLEK]Google Scholar
Boring, E. G. (1950) A history of experimental psychology, 2d ed.Appleton-Century-Crofts. [arLEK]Google Scholar
Boring, E. G. (1963) Eponym as placebo. In: History, psychology, and science: Selected papers, ed. Watson, R. I. & Campbell, D. T.. Wiley. [ES]Google Scholar
Bouman, M. A. (1961) History and present status of quantum theory in vision. In: Sensory communication, ed. Rosenblith, W. A.. MIT Press. [aLEK]Google Scholar
Boynton, R. M. (1984) Psychophysics. In: Visual measurements, vol. 5: Optical radiation, ed. Bartleson, C. J. & Grum, F.. Academic Press. [RMB]Google Scholar
Boynton, R. M. & Whitten, D. N. (1970) Visual adaptation in monkey cones: Recordings of late receptor potentials. Science 170:1423–26. [RMB]Google Scholar
Braida, L. D. & Durlach, N. I. (1972) Intensity perception. II: Resolution in one-interval paradigms. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 51:483–502. [NAM]Google Scholar
Braida, L. D., Durlach, N. I., Lim, J. S., Berliner, J. E., Rabinowitz, W. M. & Purks, S R. (1984) Intensity perception, XIII: Perceptual anchor model of context coding. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 76:722–31. [NAM]Google Scholar
Brentano, F. (1874) Psychologie com empirischen Standpunkt. Duncker & Humblot. [aLEK, ES]Google Scholar
Bridgeman, B. (1986) Relations between the physiology of attention and the physiology of consciousness. Psychological Research 48:259–66. [ES]Google Scholar
Bronowski, I. J. (1959) Science and human values. Harper & Row. [rLEK]Google Scholar
Brysbaert, M. & d'Ydewalle, G. (1984) The subjective average between two brightnesses against different background luminances [in Dutch]. Psychologica Belgica 24:115–27. [MB]Google Scholar
Brysbaert, M. & d'Ydewalle, G. (1988) Some requisites for a general theory of brightness perception, and a first approximation. In: Fechner Day '88, ed. Ross, H. E.. International Society for Psychophysics. [MB]Google Scholar
Brysbaert, M. & d'Ydewalle, G. (in press) The difference between stimulus and background: An explanation of the psychophysical function based on partition scales? International Fechner Symposium, Leipzig, 1987. North-Holland. [MB]Google Scholar
Burgess, A. & Barlow, H. B. (1983) The precision of numerosity discrimination in arrays of random dots. Vision Research 23:811–20. [DL]Google Scholar
Cain, W. S. (1977) Odor magnitude: Coarse vs. fine grain. Perception & Psychophysics 22:545–49. [aLEK]Google Scholar
Campbell, F. W., Nachmias, J. & Jukes, J. (1970) Spatial-frequency discrimination in human vision. Journal of the Optical Society of America 60.555–59. [DL]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Canévet, G., Hellman, R. & Scharf, B. (1986) Group estimation of loudness in sound fields. Acustica 60:277–82. [RPH]Google Scholar
Carlyon, R. P. & Moore, B. C. J. (1984) Intensity discrimination: A severe departure from Weber's law. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 76:1369–76. [rLEK, RPH]Google Scholar
Carlyon, R. P. & Moore, B. C. J. (1986) Continuous versus gated pedestals and the “severe departure” from Weber's law. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 79:453–60. [rLEK, RPH]Google Scholar
Carterette, E. C. & Anderson, N. H. (1979) Bisection of loudness. Perception & Psychophysics 26:265–80. [BS]Google Scholar
Cattell, J. McK. (1893) On errors of observation. American Journal of Psychology 5:285–93. [aLEK]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chandler, J. (1965) Subroutine STEPIT: Program GCPE 66. Indiana University, Quantum Chemistry Program Exchange. [aLEK]Google Scholar
Chomsky, N. (1965) Aspects of the theory of syntax. MIT Press. [RNS]Google Scholar
Cobb, P. W. (1916) The effect on foveal vision of bright surroundings-IV. Journal of Experimental Psychology 1:540–66. [MB]Google Scholar
Comsweet, T. N. & Pinsker, H. M. (1965) Luminance discrimination of brief flashes under various conditions of adaptation. Journal of Physiology 176:294–310. [DL]Google Scholar
Craig, J. C. (1974) Vibrotactile difference thresholds for intensity and the effect of a masking stimulus. Perception & Psychophysics 15:123–27. [DL]Google Scholar
Crozier, W. J. & Holway, A. H. (1937) On the law for minimal discrimination of intensities, I. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 23:23–28. [aLEK]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Curtis, D. W. (1970) Magnitude estimations and category judgments of brightness and brightness intervals: A two-stage interpretation. Journal of Experimental Psychology 83:201–8. [aLEK, SJR]Google Scholar
Curtis, D. W., Attneave, F. & Harrington, T. L. (1968) A test of a two-stage model of magnitude judgment. Perception & Psychophysics 3:25–31. [aLEK]Google Scholar
Curtis, D. W. & Mullin, L. C. (1975) Judgments of average magnitude: Analyses in terms of the functional measurement and two-stage models. Perception & Psychophysics 18:299–308. [aLEK]Google Scholar
Curtis, D W. & JRule, S Rule, S (1977) Judgment of duration relations Simultaneous and sequential presentation Perception & Psychophysics 22:578–84 [aLEK]Google Scholar
Cutting, J. J. E. (1986) Perception with an eye for motion. Wiley. [JA]Google Scholar
Davis, H.Bowers, C. & Hirsh, S. K. (1968) Relations of the human vertex potential to acoustic input: Loudness and masking. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 43:431–38 [aLEK]Google Scholar
Da Silva, J A (1985) Scales for perceived egocentric distance in a large open field: Comparison of three psychophysical methods. American Journal of Psychology 98:119–44. [JA]Google Scholar
Dawson, W. E. & Miller, M E (1978) Inverse attribute functions and the proposed modifications of the power law. Perception & Psychophysics 24:457–65. [arLEK, WJM]Google Scholar
Delboeuf, J. R. L. (1873) Etude psychophysique: Recherches théoriques et expérimentales sur la mesure des sensations et spécialement des sensations de lumière et de fatigue Mémoires couronnés et autres mémoires de I'Academie Royale de Belgique. Brussels: Hayez [MB, DJM, ES]Google Scholar
Dorfman, D D. (1982) RSCORE II. In: Evaluation of diagnostic systems: Methods from signal detection theory, Swets, J. A. & Pickett, R. MAcademic Press [DDD]Google Scholar
Dorfman, D D. & Alf, E. Jr, (1969) Maximum-likelihood estimation of parameters of signal-detection theory and determination of confidence intervals – rating-method data Journal of Mathematical Psychology 6.487–96. [DDD]Google Scholar
Duda, P D. (1975) Tests of the psychological meaning of the power law. Journal of Experimental Psychology Human Perception and Performance 1.188–94. [aLEK]Google Scholar
Durlach, N. I. & Braida, L. D. (1969) Intensity perception, I Preliminary theory of intensity resolution Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 46:372–83. [NAM]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dzhafarov, E N. (1982) Construction of spatial frequency scale by means of a modified method of fractioning [in Russian], Psikhologicheskii Zhurnal 3(1):71–76 [JA]Google Scholar
Ebbinghaus, H. (1890) Uber negative Empfindungswerts. Zeitschrift für Psychologic und Physiologie der Sinnesorgane 1:320–34, 463–85 [RMW]Google Scholar
Eisler, H (1962a) Empirical test of a model relating magnitude and category scales. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology 3:88–96. [aLEK, DL]Google Scholar
Eisler, H (1962b) On the problem of category scales in psychophysics. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology 3:81–87. [arLEK]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Eisler, H (1963a) How prothetic is the continuum of smell? Scandinavian Journal of Psychology 4:29–32. [aLEK]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Eisler, H (1963b) Magnitude scales, category scales, and Fechnerian integration. Psychological Review 70:243–53. [arLEK]Google Scholar
Eisler, H (1965a) The connection between magnitude and discrimination scales and direct and indirect scaling methods. Psychometrika 30.271–89. [aLEK]Google Scholar
Eisler, H (1965b) On psychophysics in general and the general psychophysical differential equation in particular. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology 6:85–102. [aLEK]Google Scholar
Eisler, H (1975) Subjective duration and psychophysics. Psychological Review 82:429–50. [SP]Google Scholar
Eisler, H (1976) Experiments on subjective duration 1865/1975: A collection of power function exponents. Psychological Bulletin 83.1154–71. [JA]Google Scholar
Eisler, H (1982) On the nature of subjective scales Scandinavian Journal of Psychology 23.161–71. [aLEK]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Eisler, H & Montgomery, H. (1974) On theoretical and realizable ideal conditions in psychophysics Magnitude and category scales and their relation. Perception & Psychophysics 16:157–68. [aLEK]Google Scholar
Ekman, G (1956) Discriminal sensitivity on the subjective continuum. Acta Psychologica 12:233–43. [aLEK]Google Scholar
Ekman, G (1959) Weber's law and related functions. Journal of Psychology 47.343–52. [aLEK]Google Scholar
Ekman, G (1964) Is the power law a special case of Fechner's law? Perceptual & Motor Skills 19.730 [aLEK]Google Scholar
Ekman, G. & Akesson, C. (1965) Saltiness, sweetness, and preference: A study of quantitative relations in individual subjects. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology 6:241–53. [ECP]Google Scholar
Ekman, G. & Hosman, B. (1965) Note on subjective scales of number. Perceptual & Motor Skills 21:101–2. [aLEK]Google Scholar
Elmasian, R. & Bimbaum, M. H. (1984) A harmonious note on pitch: Scales of pitch derived from the subtractive model of comparison agree with the musical scale Perception & Psychophysics 36.531–37. [MHB]Google Scholar
Evans, E. F (1981) The dynamic range problem: Place and time coding at the level of cochlear nerve and nucleus. In: Neuronal mechanisms of hearing, ed. Syka, J. & Aitkin, L.. Plenum Press. [RPH]Google Scholar
Eyman, R. K. & Kim, P J. (1970) A model for partitioning judgment error in psychophysics. Psychological Bulletin 74:35–46. [ECP]Google Scholar
Fagot, R. F. (1963) On the psychophysical law and estimation procedures in psychophysical scaling. Psychometrika 28:145–60. [aLEK]Google Scholar
Falmagne, J.-C. (1971) The generalized Fechner problem and discrimination. Journal of Mathematical Psychology 8:22–43. [aLEK]Google Scholar
Falmagne, J.-C. (1974) Foundations of Fechnerian psychophysics. In: Contemporary developments in mathematical psychology, vol. 2: Measurement, psychophysics, and neural information processing, ed. Krantz, D. H., Atkinson, R. C, Luce, R. D. & Suppes, P.. Freeman. [aLEK, JL]Google Scholar
Falmagne, J.-C. (1985) Elements of psychophysical theory. Oxford University Press [aLEK, JL, LMW]Google Scholar
Fechner, G T. (1860) Elemente der Psychophysik, vols. 1 and 2. Breitkopf & Hartel. [aLEK, ES]Google Scholar
Fechner, G T. (1877) In Sachen der Psychophysik. Breitkopf & Hartel. [DJM, ES]Google Scholar
Fechner, G T. (1882) Revision der hauptpuncte der Psychophysik. Breitkopf & Hartel. [ES]Google Scholar
Fechner, G T. (1887) Uber die psychischen Massprincipien und das Weber'sche Gesetz. Philosophische Studien 4:161–230. [DJM, ES]Google Scholar
Fechner, G T. (1966) Elements of psychophysics, vol. 1, trans. Adler, H. E.. Holt, , Rinehart & Winston. [aLEK, ES, LMW]Google Scholar
Fechner, G T. (1987) My own viewpoint on mental measurement. Psychological Research 49 213–20 (translation of excerpts from Fechner 1887). [ES]Google Scholar
Feller, W. (1957) An introduction to probability theory and its applications, 2d ed.Wiley. [WJM]Google Scholar
Felsten, G & Wasserman, G A. (1980) Visual masking Mechanisms and theories. Psychological Bulletin 88.329–53. [GSW]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ferguson, A. et al. (1940) Quantitative estimates of sensory events. Final report of the Committee appointed to consider and report upon the possibility of quantitative estimates of sensory events. Advancement of Science 1 331–49. [rLEK, RMB]Google Scholar
Feynman, R. P (1965) The character of physical law MIT Press. [LMW]Google Scholar
Feynman, R. P (1985) QED: The strange theory of light and matter. Princeton University Press. [LMW]Google Scholar
Fletcher, H. F. (1940) Auditory patterns. Reviews of Modern Physics 12:47–65. [RPH]Google Scholar
Fletcher, H. F. & Munson, W. A. (1933) Loudness. Its definition, measurement, and calculation. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 5:82–108. [RPH]Google Scholar
Florentine, M., Buus, S. & Mason, C. (1987) Level discrimination as a function of level for tones from 0.25 to 16 kHz. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. 81:1528–41. [rLEK, RPH]Google Scholar
Foley, H. J., Cross, D. V., Foley, A. & Reeder, R. R. (1983) Stimulus range, number of categories, and the “virtual” exponent. Perception & Psychophysics 34:505–12. [rLEK, GAG, RT]Google Scholar
Freeman, R. B. (1967) Contrast interpretation of brightness constancy. Psychological Bulletin 67:165–87. [MB]Google Scholar
Galanter, E. (1962) Contemporary psychophysics. In: New directions in psychology, vol. 1, ed. Brown, R., Galanter, E. & Hess, E. H.. Holt. [aLEK]Google Scholar
Galanter, E & Pliner, P. (1974) Cross-modal matching of money against other continua. In: Sensation and measurement. Papers in honor of S. S. Stevens, ed. Moskowitz, H. R., Scharf, B. & Stevens, J. C.. Reidel. [SP]Google Scholar
Garner, W R. (1952) An equal discriminability scale for loudness judgments. Journal of Experimental Psychology 43:232–38. [NAM]Google Scholar
Garner, W R. (1954) A technique and a scale for loudness measurement. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 26.73–88. [aLEK]Google Scholar
Garner, W R. (1958) Advantages of the discriminability criterion for a loudness scale. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 30:1005–12. [aLEK]Google Scholar
Garner, W R. (1962) Uncertainty and structure as psychological concepts. Wiley. [WJM]Google Scholar
Garner, W. R., Hake, H. W. & Eriksen, C. W. (1956) Operationism and the concept of perception. Psychological Review 63:149–59. [aLEK]Google Scholar
Gatti, A. & Dodge, R. (1929) Uber die Unterschiedsempfindlichkeit bei Reizung eines einzelnen, isolierten Tastorgans. Archiv für die gesamte Psychologie 69:405–26. [DL]Google Scholar
Gaydos, H. F. (1958) Sensitivity in the judgment of size by finger-span. American Journal of Psychology 71:557–62. [DL]Google Scholar
Ceissler, H.-G. (1975) Towards a new reconciliation of Stevens' and Helson's approaches to psychophysics: A tentative solution of the Stevens-Greenbaum puzzle. Acta Psychologica 39:417–26. [H-GG]Google Scholar
Ceissler, H.-G. (1980) Perceptual representation of information: Dynamic frames of reference in judgment and recognition. In: Psychological research – Humboldt University, 1960/1980, ed. Klix, F. & Drause, B.. VEB Deutscher Verlag der Wissenschaften. [H-GG]Google Scholar
Ceissler, H.-G. (1983a) Physical correlate theory versus indirect calibration approach. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 6:316-–17. [H-GG]Google Scholar
Ceissler, H.-G. (1983b) The inferential basis of classification. In: Modern issues in perception, ed. Geissler, H.-G.. VEB Deutscher Verlag der Wissenschaften. North-Holland. [H-GG]Google Scholar
Gescheider, G. A. (1976) Psychophysics: Method and theory. Erlbaum. [aLEK. JL]Google Scholar
Gescheider, G. A. (1988) Psychophysical scaling. Annual Review of Psychology 39:169–200. [aLEK. GAG]Google Scholar
Gescheider, G. A. & Collins, A. A. (1987) Absolute magnitude estimation of loudness by adults and children. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. Supplement 1, 82:S25. [GAG]Google Scholar
Gibson, R. H. & Tomko, D L. (1972) The relation between magnitude and category estimates of tactile intensity. Perception & Psychophysics 12:135–38. [rLEK. RT]Google Scholar
Good, I. J. (1972) Correlation for power functions. Biometrics 28:1127–29. [DJW]Google Scholar
Graf, V.Baird, J C. & Glesman, G. (1974) An empirical test of two psychophysical models. Acta Psychologica 38.59–72 [aLEK]Google Scholar
Graham, C. H. (1934) Psychophysics and behavior. Journal of General Psychology 10:299–310. [WJM]Google Scholar
Green, D. M., Luce, R. D. & Duncan, J. E. (1977) Variability and sequential effects in magnitude production and estimation of auditory intensity Perception & Psychophysics 22:450–56. [DL]Google Scholar
Green, D. M. & Swets, J. A. (1966) Signal detection theory and psychophysics Wiley. [arLEK, DDD. NAM, MT]Google Scholar
Gregson, R. A. M & Russell, P. N. (1965) Psychophysical power law exponent value for sucrose intensity. Perceptual & Motor Skills 20:294. [ECP]Google Scholar
Grotenfelt, A. (1888) Das Webersche Gesetz und die psychische Relativitaet (Weber's law and psychological relativity). J. C Frenckell & Sohn. [arLEK]Google Scholar
Guilford, J. P. (1932) A generalized psychophysical law. Psychological Review 39:73–85. [aLEK]Google Scholar
Guttman, N. & Kalish, H. I. (1956) Discnminability and stimulus generalization. Journal of Experimental Psychology 51.79–88. [RNS]Google Scholar
Gybels, J. & Van Hels, J. (1972) Unit activity from mechanoreceptors in human peripheral nerve during intensity documentation of touch. In Neurophysiology studied in man. ed. Somjen, G. G.Excerpta Medica. [GAG]Google Scholar
Hamer, R. D., Verrillo, R. T. & Zwislocki, J. J. (1983) Vibrotactile masking of Pacinian and non-Paciman channels. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 73:1293–1303. [DL]Google Scholar
Hanna, T. E., von Cierke, S. M. & Green, D. M. (1986) Detection and intensity discrimination of a sinusoid. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 80:1335–40. [DL]Google Scholar
Hardin, C. & Birnbaum, M. H. (in press) The malleability of “ratio” judgments of occupational prestige. American Journal of Psychology. [MHB]Google Scholar
Harrington, T. & Merzenich, M. M. (1970) Neural coding in the sense of touch: Human sensations of skin indentation compared with the response of slowly adapting mechanoreceptive afferents innervating the hairy skin of monkeys. Experimental Brain Research 10.251–64. [GAG]Google Scholar
Harris, J. D. (1950) The effect of sensation levels on intensive discrimination of noise. American Journal of Psychology 63.409–21. [DL]Google Scholar
Harris, J. D. (1963) Loudness discrimination. Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders (Monograph Supplement no. 11) [DL]Google Scholar
Heinemann, E. G. (1961) The relation of apparent brightness to the threshold for differences in luminance. Journal of Experimental Psychology 61.389–99 [aLEK, MB]Google Scholar
Heinemann, E. G. (1978) Discriminability and ratio scaling. In: Visual psychophysics and physiology: A volume dedicated to Lornn Riggs. ed. Armington, J. C, Krauskopf, J. & Wooten, B. R.. Academic Press. [aLEK]Google Scholar
Hellman, R. P. (1976) Growth of loudness at 1,000 and 3,000 Hz. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 60:672–79. [RPH]Google Scholar
Hellman, R. P. (1982) Loudness. annoyance, and noisiness produced by single-tone noise complexes. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 72:62–73. [RPH]Google Scholar
Hellman, R. P. (1984) Growth rate of loudness, annoyance, and noisiness as a function of tone location within the noise spectrum. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 75:209–18. [RPH]Google Scholar
Hellman, R. P. & Meiselman, C. H. (1988) Prediction of individual loudness exponents from cross-modality matching. Journal of Speech & Hearing Research 31:605–15. [RPH]Google Scholar
Hellman, R. P., Scharf, B., Teghtsoonian, M. & Teghtsoonian, R. (1987) On the relation between the growth of loudness and the discrimination of intensity for pure tones. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 82:448–53. [RPH]Google Scholar
Hellman, R. P. & Zwislocki, J. J. (1961) Some factors affecting the estimation of loudness. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 33:687–94. [RPH]Google Scholar
Hellman, R. P. & Zwislocki, J. J. (1963) Monaural loudness function at 1.000 cps and interaural summation. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 35:856–65. [RPH]Google Scholar
Hellman, R. P. & Zwislocki, J. J. (1964) Loudness function of a 1,000-cps tone in the presence of a masking noise. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 36:1618–27. [RPH]Google Scholar
Hellman, R. P. & Zwislocki, J. J. (1968) Loudness determination at low sound frequencies Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 43.60–64. [RPH]Google Scholar
Helson, H (1948) Adaptation level as a basis for quantitative theory of frames of reference Psychological Review 55:297–313. [WJM]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Helson, H (1964) Adaptation-level theory: An experimental and systematic approach to behavior Harper & Row. [arLEK, MB]Google Scholar
Henng, E. (1876) Lehre von der Beziehung zwischen Leib und Seele, I: Mittheilung. Über Fechners Psychophysiches Gesetz. Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserliche Akademie der Wissenschaften in Berlin Math-naturw. Kl, 72:310–48. [DJM]Google Scholar
Hess, R. F. & Nordby, K. (1986) Spatial and temporal limits of vision in the achromat. Journal of Physiology 371:365–85 [DL]Google Scholar
Holway, A M & Pratt, C C (1936) The Weber ratio for intensitive discrimination. Psychological Review 43:322–40. [aLEK, MB]Google Scholar
Hood, D. C. & Finkelstein, M. A. (1979) Comparison of changes in sensitivity and sensation: Implications for the response-intensity function of the human photopic system. Journal of Experimental Psychology. Human Perception and Performance 5:391–405. [aLEK, DL]Google Scholar
Houtsma, A. J M., Durlach, N I & Braida, L D. (1980) Intensity perception, XI. Experimental results on the relation of intensity resolution to loudness matching. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 68.807–13 [arLEK, RPH, NAM]Google Scholar
Hovland, C. I. (1938) A note on Guilford's generalized psychophysical law. Psychological Review 45.430–34. [aLEK]Google Scholar
Hurlbert, A. & Poggio, T. (1988) Making machines (and artificial intelligence) see Daedalus 177:213–39. [rLEK]Google Scholar
Indow, T. (1982) An approach to geometry of visual space with no a priori mapping functions Multidimensional mapping according to Riemannian metrics. Journal of Mathematical Psychology 26:204–36. [TI]Google Scholar
Indow, T. & Ida, M. (1977) Scaling of dot numerosity. Perception & Psychophysics 22:265–76. [JA]Google Scholar
Indow, T. & Stevens, S. S. (1966) Scaling of saturation and hue. Perception & Psychophysics 1:253–71. [DL]Google Scholar
International Organization for Standardization (1959) Expression of the physical and subjective magnitudes of sound. ISO/R 131–1959 (E). Geneva. International Organization for Standardization. [RPH]Google Scholar
James, W. (1890) Principles of psychology, vol. 1. Holt. [arLEK]Google Scholar
Jameson, D. & Hurvich, L. M. (1961) Complexities of perceived brightness. Science 133:174–79. [aLEK]Google Scholar
Jesteadt, W, Wier, C. C & Green, D. M. (1977) Intensity discrimination as a function of frequency and sensation level. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 61:169–77. [aLEK, MB]Google Scholar
Johnson, K. O. (1974) Reconstruction of population response to a vibratory stimulus in quickly adapting mechanoreceptive afferent fiber population innervating glabrous skin of the monkey. Journal of Neurophysiology 37:48–72 [GAG]Google Scholar
Johnson, K. O., Darian-Smith, I. & LaMotte, C. (1973) Peripheral neural determinants of temperature discrimination in man: A correlative study of responses to cooling skin. Journal of Neurophysiology 36:347–70. [DL]Google Scholar
Jung, K. (1966) Some problems of measurement in psychophysics. Universitetsforlaget. [RNS]Google Scholar
Keidel, W. D., Keidel, U. O. & Wigand, M. E. (1961) Adaptation. Loss or gain of sensory information? In: Sensory communication, ed. Rosenblith, W. A.. MIT Press. [rLEK]Google Scholar
Keidel, W. D. & Spreng, M. (1965) Neurophysiological evidence for the Stevens power function in man. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 38:191–95. [aLEK]Google Scholar
Knibestöl, M. & Vallbo, A. B. (1980) Intensity of sensation related to activity of slowly adapting mechanoreceptive units in the human hand. Journal of Physiology 300.251–67 [arLEK, GAG, DL]Google Scholar
Koehler, A. (1886) Ueber die hauptsaechlichsten Versuche einer mathematischen Formulirung des psychophysischen Gesetzes von Weber (On the main attempts to provide a mathematical formulation of Weber's psychophysical law). Philosophische Studien 3:572–642. [aLEK]Google Scholar
Krantz, D. H. (1971) Integration of just-noticeable differences. Journal of Mathematical Psychology 8.591–99. [aLEK]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Krantz, D. H. (1972) A theory of magnitude estimation and cross-modality matching. Journal of Mathematical Psychology 9.168–99. [aLEK, TI, RNS]Google Scholar
Krantz, D. H. (1972a) Visual scaling. In. Handbook of sensory physiology, vol. 7/4: Visual psychophysics, ed. Jameson, D. & Hurvich, L.. Springer. [JA]Google Scholar
Krantz, D. H. (1974) Measurement theory and qualitative laws in psychophysics. In: Contemporary developments in mathematical psychology, vol. 2: Measurement, psychophysics, and neural information processing, ed. Krantz, D. H., Atkinson, R. C., Luce, R. D. & Suppes, P.. Freeman. [aLEK]Google Scholar
Krantz, D. H., Luce, R. D., Suppes, P. & Tversky, A. (1971) Foundations of measurement, vol. 1. Academic Press. [JL, BS]Google Scholar
Krantz, D. L. & Campbell, D. T. (1961) Separating perceptual and linguistic effects of context shirts upon absolute judgments. Journal of Experimental Psychology 62:35–42. [ECP]Google Scholar
E, Krueger. L. (1972) Perceived numerosity. Perception & Psychophysics 11.5–9. [JA]Google Scholar
E, Krueger. L. (1984) Perceived numerosity: A comparison of magnitude production, magnitude estimation, and discrimination judgments Perception & Psychophysics 35:536–42 [aLEK. JA, DL]Google Scholar
Kuhn, T S. (1970) The structure of scientific revolutions, 2d ed.University of Chicago Press [rLEK]Google Scholar
Lachs, G.. Al-Shaikh, R., Bi, Q., Saia, R. A. & Teich, M. C. (1984) A neuralcounting model based on physiological characteristics of the peripheral auditory system, V: Application to loudness estimation and intensity discrimination. IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man & Cybernetics SMC 14:819–36. [rLEK, RPH]Google Scholar
Laming, D. (1982) Differential coupling of sensory discriminations inferred from a survey of stable decision models for Weber's Law. British Journal of Mathematical and Statistical Psychology 35:129–61. [ECP]Google Scholar
Laming, D. (1985) Some principles of sensory analysis. Psychological Review 92:462–85. [aLEK, DL]Google Scholar
Laming, D. (1986) Sensory analysis. Academic Press. [arLEK, DL, WJM, ECP, LMW]Google Scholar
Laming, D. (1987) The discrimination of smell and taste compared with other senses. Chemistry and Industry 5 01.12–18. [DL]Google Scholar
Laming, D. (1988) A reexamination of Sensory Analysis Behavioral and Brain Sciences 11:316–39. [rLEK]Google Scholar
Laming, D. (forthcoming) Continuing Commentary. Behavioral and Brain Sciences. [DL]Google Scholar
LaMotte, R. H. (1977) Psychophysical and neurophysiological studies of tactile sensibility In: Clothing comfort: Interaction of thermal, ventilation, construction, and assessment factors, ed. Hollies, N. R & Goldman, R. F.. Ann Arbor Science [rLEK. GAG]Google Scholar
Legge, G. E. (1979) Spatial frequency masking in human vision: Binocular interactions. Journal of the Optical Society of America 69:838–47. [DL]Google Scholar
Legge, G E. & Viemeister, N. F (1988) Sensory analysis in vision and audition. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 11:301–2 [rLEK]Google Scholar
Lehmann, A. (1886) Über die Anwendung der Methode der mittleren Abstufungen auf den Lichtsinn. Philosophische Studien 3.497–533 [DJM]Google Scholar
Leshowitz, B., Taub, H. B. & Raab, D. H. (1968) Visual detection of signals in the presence of continuous and pulsed backgrounds. Perception & Psychophysics 4:207–13. [DL]Google Scholar
Levelt, W. J. M., Riemersma, J. B. & Bunt, A. A. (1972) Binaural additivity of loudness. British Journal of Mathematical and Statistical Psychology 25:51–68. [BS]Google Scholar
Lewis, M. F. (1965) Category judgments as (unctions of flash luminance and duration). Journal of the Optical Society of America 55:1655–60. [aLEK]Google Scholar
Lim, J. S.Rabinowitz, W. M., Braida, L. D. & Durlach, N. I. (1977) Intensity perception, VIII. Loudness comparisons between different types of stimuli. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 62:1256–67. Erratum (1978) 63:1233. [aLEK, NAM]Google Scholar
Lipetz, L. E. (1971) The relation of physiological and psychological aspects of sensory intensity. In: Handbook of sensory physiology, vol. 1, ed. Loewenstein, W. R.. Springer-Verlag. [aLEK]Google Scholar
Luce, R. D. (1959) On the possible psychophysical laws. Psychological Review 66:81–95. [aLEK, SP, DJW]Google Scholar
Luce, R. D. (1972) What sort of measurement is psychophysical measurement? American Psychologist 27:96–106 [arLEK, JA]Google Scholar
Luce, R. D. (1977) Thurstone's discriminal processes fifty years later. Psychometrika 42:461–89. [DDD]Google Scholar
Luce, R. D. & Edwards, W. (1958) The derivation of subjective scales from just noticeable differences. Psychological Review 65:222–37. [aLEK, JL]Google Scholar
Luce, R. D. & Galanter, E. (1963a) Discrimination. Handbook of mathematical psychology, vol. 1, ed Luce, R. D., Bush, R. R. & Galanter, E.. Wiley. [arLEK]Google Scholar
Luce, R. D. & Galanter, E. (1963b) Psychophysical scaling. In: Handbook of mathematical psychology, vol. 1, ed. Luce, R. D, Bush, R. R. & Galanter, E.. Wiley. [arLEK]Google Scholar
Luce, R. D., Green, D. M. & Weber, D. L. (1976) Attention bands in absolute identification. Perception & Psychophysics 20.49–54. [NAM]Google Scholar
Luce, R. D. & C, Krumhansl. (1988) Measurement, scaling, and psychophysics. In: Stevens Handbook of experimental psychology, 2d ed., vol. 1. ed. Atkinson, R., Herrnstein, R., Lindzey, G. & Luce, R. D.. Wiley. [WJM]Google Scholar
Luce, R. D. & Mo, S. S. (1965) Magnitude estimation of heaviness and loudness by individual subjects: A test of a probabilistic response theory. British Journal of Mathematical and Statistical Psychology 18:159–74. [DL]Google Scholar
Luce, R. D. & Narens, L. (1987) Measurement scales on the continuum. Science 236:1527–32. [rLEK, LMW]Google Scholar
Luce, R. D., Nosofsky, R. M., Green, D. M. & Smith, A. (1982) The bow and sequential effects in absolute identification. Perception & Psychophysics 32:397–408. [NAM]Google Scholar
Luce, R D & Tukey, J. W. (1964) Simultaneous conjoint measurement: A new type of fundamental measurement. Journal of Mathematical Psychology 1:1–27. [BS]Google Scholar
MacKay, D. M. (1963) Psychophysics of perceived intensity: A theoretical basis for Fechner's and Stevens' laws. Science 139:1213–16. [aLEK]Google Scholar
Macmillan, N. A. (1987) Beyond the categorical/continuous distinction: A psychophysical approach to processing modes. In: Categorical perception, ed. Hamad, S.. Cambridge University Press. [NAM]Google Scholar
Macmillan, N. A., Braida, L. D. & Goldberg, R. F. (1987) Central and peripheral processes in the perception of speech and nonspeech sounds. In The Psychophysics of speech perception, ed. Schouten, M. E. H.. Martinus Nijhoff. [NAM]Google Scholar
Macmillan, N. A., Goldberg, R. F. & Braida, L. D. (1988) Resolution for speech sounds: Basic sensitivity and context memory on vowel and consonant continua. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 84:1262–80. [NAM]Google Scholar
Macmillan, N. A., Moschetto, C. F., Bialostozky, F. M. & Engel, L. (1974) Size judgment: The presence of a standard increases the exponent of the power law. Perception & Psychophysics 16:340–46. [aLEK]Google Scholar
Mansfield, R. J. W. (1973) Brightness function: Effect of area and duration. Journal of the Optical Society of America 63:913–20. [JA]Google Scholar
Mansfield, R. J. W. (1974) Measurement, invariance, and psychophysics. In: Sensation and measurement, ed. Moskowitz, H. R. et al. Reidel. [JA]Google Scholar
Mansfield, R. J. W. (1976) Visual adaptation: Retinal transduction, brightness and sensitivity. Vision Research 16:679–90. [aLEK]Google Scholar
Mansfield, R. J. W. (1976a) Psychophysics and the neural basis of information processing. In: Advances in psychophysics, ed. Geissler, H.-G. & Zabrodin, Yu. M.. VEB Deutscher Verlag der Wissenschaften. [rLEK, H-GG]Google Scholar
Marks, L. E. (1968) Stimulus range, number of categories, and form of the category-scale. American Journal of Psychology 81:467–79. [ECP, SJR]Google Scholar
Marks, L. E. (1973) Brightness and equivalent intensity of intrinsic light Vision Research 13:371–82. [aLEK]Google Scholar
Marks, L. E. (1974a) On scales of sensation: Prolegomena to any future psychophysics that will be able to come forth as science. Perception & Psychophysics 16:358–76. [aLEK, JA, RPH, DL, SJR, RT, LMW]Google Scholar
Marks, L. E. (1974b) Sensory processes: The new psychophysics. Academic Press [arLEK, BS]Google Scholar
Marks, L. E. (1978) Binaural summation of the loudness of pure tones. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 64:107–13 [RPH, BS]Google Scholar
Marks, L. E. (1979) A theory of loudness and loudness judgments. Psychological Review 86:256–85. [aLEK, SP]Google Scholar
Marks, L. E. (1980) Binaural summation of loudness: Noise and two-tone complexes. Perception & Psychophysics 27:489–98. [RPH]Google Scholar
Marks, L. E. (1986) Context and sensory processes: In search of basic laws. Cahiers de Psychology Cognitive 6:121–36. [JA]Google Scholar
Marks, L. E. & Bartoshuk, L. M. (1979) Ratio scaling of taste intensity by a matching procedure Perception & Psychophysics 26:335–39. [ECP]Google Scholar
Marks, L. E., Szczesiul, R. & Ohlott, P. (1986) On the cross-modal perception of intensity. Journal of Experimental Psychology. Human Perception and Performance 12:517–34. [aLEK]Google Scholar
McBride, R. L. (1983a) A JND-scale/category-scale convergence in taste. Perception & Psychophysics 34:77–83. [aLEK]Google Scholar
McBride, R. L. (1983b) Psychophysics: Could Fechner's assumption be correct? Australian Journal of Psychology 35:85–88. [aLEK]Google Scholar
McBride, R. L. & Anderson, N. H. (in press) Integration psychophysics in the chemical senses. In: Psychological basis of sensory evaluation, ed. McBride, R. L. & MacFie, H.. Elsevier. [NHA]Google Scholar
McBumey, D. H. & Pfaffrnann, C. (1963) Gustatory adaptation to saliva and sodium chloride. Journal of Experimental Psychology 65:523–29. [DL]Google Scholar
McGarvey, H. (1943) Anchoring effects in the absolute judgment of verbal materials. Archives of Psychology 39 (86, whole no. 281). Abstract. [WJM]Google Scholar
McGill, W. J. (1960) The slope of the loudness function: A puzzle. In: Psychological scaling, ed. Messick, S. & Gulliksen, H.. Wiley. [WJM]Google Scholar
McGill, W. J. (1967) Neural counting mechanisms and energy detection in audition. Journal of Mathematical Psychology 4:351–76. [WJM]Google Scholar
McGill, W. J. (1974) The slope of the loudness function: A puzzle. In: Sensation and measurement, ed. Moskowitz, H. R., Scharf, B. & Stevens, J. C.. Reidel. [WJM]Google Scholar
McGill, W. J. & Goldberg, J. P. (1968a) Pure-tone intensity discrimination and energy detection. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 44:576–81. [aLEK, JL]Google Scholar
McGill, W. J. & Goldberg, J. P. (1968b) A study of the near-miss involving Weber's law and pure-tone intensity discrimination. Perception & Psychophysics 4.105–9. [aLEK, WJM]Google Scholar
McCill, W. J. & Teich, M. C. (in press) A unique approach of stimulus detection theory in psychophysics based upon the properties of zeromean Caussian noise. [Review of D. Laming, Sensory Analysis.] Journal of Mathematical Psychology. [rLEK]Google Scholar
McKelvie, S. J. & Shepley, K. (1977) Comparisons of intervals between subjective numbers, an extension. Perceptual and Motor Skills 45:1157–58. [aLEK]Google Scholar
McKenna, F. P. (1985) Another look at the “new psychophysics.” British Journal of Psychology 76:97–109. [aLE K]Google Scholar
Mellers, B. A. (1983a) Evidence against “absolute” scaling. Perception & Psychophysics 33:523–601. [aLEK]Google Scholar
Mellers, B. A. (1983b) Reply to Zwislocki's views on absolute scaling. Perception & Psychophysics 34:405–8. [aLEK]Google Scholar
Mellers, B. A. & Birnbaum, M. H. (1982) Loci of contextual effects in judgment. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 8:582–601. [MHB]Google Scholar
Mellers, B. A., Davis, D. M. & Birnbaum, M H. (1984) Weight of evidence supports one operation for “ratios” and “differences” of heaviness. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 10:216–30. [MHB]Google Scholar
Merrill, A. A. & Baird, J. C. (1979) Cognitive representation of spatial relations. III: A hypothetical environment. Journal of Experimental Psychology (General) 108:99–106. [JCB]Google Scholar
Miller, G. A. (1947) Sensitivity to changes in the intensity of white noise and its relation to masking and loudness. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 19:609–19. [WJM]Google Scholar
Miller, G. A. (1956) The magical number seven, plus or minus two: Some limits on our capacity for processing information. Psychological Review 63:81–96. [NAM, WJM]Google Scholar
Miller, G. A. (1974) Stanley Smith Stevens: 1906–1973. American Journal of Psychology 87:279–88. [aLEK]Google Scholar
Montgomery, H. (1975) Direct estimation: Effect of methodological factors on scale type. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology 16:19–29. [DL]Google Scholar
Moore, B. & Raab, D. (1974) Pure tone intensity discrimination. Some experiments relating to the near-miss to Weber's law. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 55:1049–54. [WJM]Google Scholar
Mountcastle, V. B., Talbot, W. H., Sakata, H. & Hyvannen, J. (1969) Cortical neuronal mechanisms in flutter-vibration studied in unanesthetized monkeys Neuronal periodicity and frequency discrimination. Journal of Scurophysiology 32:452–84. [DL]Google Scholar
Mover, R. S. & Landauer, T. K. (1967) Time required for judgments of numerical inequality. Nature 215:1519–20. [aLEK]Google Scholar
Müller, G. E. (1878) Zur Grundlegung der Psychophysik. Grieben. [ES]Google Scholar
Myers, A. K. (1982) Psychophysieal scaling and scales of physical stimulus measurement. Psychological Bulletin 92.203–14 [arLEK, DJW]Google Scholar
Nachmias, J. & Steinman, R. M. (1965) Brightness and discriminability of light flashes. Vision Research 5:545–57. [aLEK]Google Scholar
Narens, L. (1985) Abstract measurement theory. MIT Press. [JL]Google Scholar
Newman, E. B. (1933) The validity of the just noticeable difference as a unit of psychological magnitude. Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science 36:172–75. [aLEK]Google Scholar
Nihm, S. D. [pseudonym of Bimbaum, M. H.] (1976) Polynomial law of sensation [satire]. American Psychologist 31:808–9. [aLEK, DJW]Google Scholar
Nisly, S. & Wasserman, G. S. (in press) Intensity dependence of perceived duration: Data, theories, and neural integration. Psychological Bulletin. [GSW]Google Scholar
Noma, E. & Baird, J. C. (1975) Psychophysical study of numbers, II: Theoretical models of number generation. Psychological Research 35:81–95. [arLEK, JCB, RT]Google Scholar
Norwich, K. H. (1981) The magical number seven: Making a “bit” of “sense.” Perception & Psychophysics 29:409–22. [JA]Google Scholar
Norwich, K. H. (1984) The psychophysics of taste from the entropy of the stimulus. Perception & Psychophysics 35:269–78. [aLEK, KHN]Google Scholar
Norwich, K. H. (1987) On the theory of Weber fractions. Perception ir Psychophysics 42:286–98. [aLEK, JA, KHN, LMW]Google Scholar
Nosofslcy, R. M. (1983a) Shifts of attention in the identification and discrimination of intensity. Perception & Psychophysics 33:103–12. [NAM]Google Scholar
Nosofslcy, R. M. (1983b) Information integration and the identification of stimulus noise and critical noise in absolute judgment. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 9.299–309. [NAM]Google Scholar
Oberlin, K. W. (1936) Variation in intensive sensitivity to lifted weights. Journal of Experimental Psychology 19:438–55. [DL]Google Scholar
Ono, H. (1967) Difference threshold for stimulus length under simultaneous and nonsimuhaneous viewing conditions. Perception & Psychophysics 2.201–7. [ECP]Google Scholar
Osman, E., Tzuo, H. & Tzuo, P. L. (1980) Weber's law, the “near miss,” and binaural detection. Perception & Psychophysics 28:354–64. [aLEK]Google Scholar
Panek, D. W. & Stevens, S. S. (1966) Saturation of red A prothetic continuum. Perception & Psychophysics 1:59–66. [DL]Google Scholar
Parducci, A. (1963) Range-frequency compromise in judgment. Psychological Monographs 77 (no. 2, whole no. 565):l–50. [arLEK]Google Scholar
Parducci, A. (1965) Category judgment: A range-frequency model. Psychological Review 72:407–18. [aLEK]Google Scholar
Parducci, A. (1974) Contextual effects. A range-frequency analysis. In: Handbook of perception, vol. 2, ed. Carterette, E. C. & Friedman, M. P.. [H-GG]Google Scholar
Parducci, A. (1982) Category ratings. Still more contextual effects. In: Social attitudes and psychophysical measurement, ed. Wegener, B. Erlbaum. [arLEK, RT]Google Scholar
Parker, S., Casey, J., Ziriax, J. & Silberberg, A. (1988) Random monotone data fit simple algebraic functions. Correlation is not confirmation. Psychological Bulletin 104:417–23. [SP]Google Scholar
Parker, S. & Schneider, B. (1974) Non-metric scaling of loudness and pitch using similarity and difference estimates. Perception & Psychophysics 15:238–42. [BS]Google Scholar
Parker, S. & Schneider, B. (1980) Loudness and loudness discrimination. Perception & Psychophysics 28.398–406. [arLEK, JL]Google Scholar
Parker, S, Schneider, B. & Kanow, G. (1975) Ratio scale measurement of the perceived lengths of lines. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 1:195–204. [aLEK]Google Scholar
Phillips, J. P. N. (1964) A note on Treisman's model. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 16:386. [aLEK]Google Scholar
Phillips, J. R. (1976) Spatial response characteristics of slowly adapting mechanoreceptors in the palmar, skin of the monkey Dissertation. University of Melbourne. [GAG]Google Scholar
Pieron, H. (1952) The sensations. Their functions, processes, and mechanisms, trans. Pirenne, M. H. & Abbott, B. C.. Yale University Press. [aLEK]Google Scholar
Plateau, J. A. F. (1872a) Sur la mesure des sensations physiques et sur la loi qui lie I'intensité de ces sensations à I'intensité de la cause excitante. Bulletins de l‘Académte Royale de Belgique. 2d series, 33:37688. [DJM, ES, RNS]Google Scholar
Plateau, J. A. F. (1872b) Un mot au sujet du mémoire présenté par M. Delboeuf. Bulletins de l'Académie Royale de Belgique, 2d series, 34:141–42. [DJM]Google Scholar
Plateau, J. A. F. (1873) Über die Messung Physischer Empfindungen und das Gesetz, welches die Stärke dieser Empfindungen mit der Stärke der erregenden Ursache verknüpft. Poggendorfs Annalen 150:465–76. [ES]Google Scholar
Popper, K. R. (1959) The logic of scientific discovery. Basic Books. [RMB]Google Scholar
Popper, R., Parker, S. & Galanter, E (1986) Dual loudness scales in individual subjects. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 12:61–69. [arLEK, SP]Google Scholar
Poulton, E. C. (1968) The new psychophysics: Six models for magnitude estimation. Psychological Bulletin 69:1–19. [aLEK, DL, SJR]Google Scholar
Poulton, E. C. (1979) Models for biases in judging sensory magnitudes. Psychological Bulletin 86:777–803. [aLEK, DL, ECP, LMW]Google Scholar
Poulton, E. C. (1981) Schooling and the new psychophysics. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 4:201–3. [ECP]Google Scholar
Poulton, E. C. (1986) Why unbiased numerical magnitude judgments of the loudness of noise are linear in decibels: A rejoinder to the Teghtsoonians. Perception & Psychophysics 40:131–34. [ECP]Google Scholar
Poulton, E. C. (1989) Bias in quantifying judgments. Erlbaum. [DL, ECP]Google Scholar
Pribram, K. H. (1986) The cognitive revolution and mind/brain issues. American Psychologist 41:507–20. [ES]Google Scholar
Raab, D. H. (1962) Magnitude estimation of the brightness of brief foveal stimuli. Science 135:42–44. [GSW]Google Scholar
Raab, D., Fehrer, E. & Hershenson, M. (1961) Visual reaction time and the Broca-Sulzer phenomenon. Journal of Experimental Psychology 61:193–99. [aLEK]Google Scholar
Restle, F. (1961) Psychology of judgment and choice. Wiley. [aLEK]Google Scholar
Riesz, R. R. (1928) Differential intensity sensitivity of the ear for pure tones. Physical Review 31:867–75. [KHN]Google Scholar
Riesz, R. R. (1933) The relationship between loudness and the minimum perceptible increment of intensity. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 4:211–16. [aLEK]Google Scholar
Roberts, F. S. (1979) Measurement theory with applications to decision making, utility, and social sciences. Addison-Wesley. [JL]Google Scholar
Robinson, D. W. (1957) The subjective loudness scale. Acustica 7:217–33. [RPH]Google Scholar
Robinson, G. H. (1976) Biasing power law exponents by magnitude estimation instructions. Perception & Psychophysics 19:80–84. [aLEK, SJR]Google Scholar
Rogers, S. (1941) The anchoring of absolute judgments. Archives of Psychology 37 (42, whole no. 261). [WJM]Google Scholar
Rose, B. J. & Bimbaum, M. H. (1975) Judgments of differences and ratios of numerals. Perception & Psychophysics 18:194–200. [MHB]Google Scholar
Rosner, B. S. (1965) The power law and subjective scales of number. Perceptual 6 Motor Skills 21:42. [aLEK, DL]Google Scholar
Rosner, B. S. & Goff, W. R. (1967) Electrical responses of the nervous system and subjective scales of intensity. In: Contributions to sensory physiology, vol. 2, ed. Neff, W. D.. Academic Press. [aLEK, RMW]Google Scholar
Ross, J. & di Lollo, V. (1970) A consistent failure of the power law for lifted weight. Perception & Psychophysics 8.289–90. [DL]Google Scholar
Rule, S. J. (1969) Equal discriminability scale of number. Journal of Experimental Psychology 79:35–38. [aLEK]Google Scholar
Rule, S. J. (1971) Discriminability scales of number for multiple and fractional estimates. Ada Psychologica 35:328–33. [aLEK]Google Scholar
Rule, S. J. (1972) Comparisons of intervals between subjective numbers. Perception & Psychophysics 11 97–98. [arLEK, SJR]Google Scholar
Rule, S. J. & Curtis, D. W. (1973a) Conjoint scaling of subjective number and weight. Journal of Experimental Psychology 97:305–9. [aLEK]Google Scholar
Rule, S. J. & Curtis, D. W. (1973b) Reevaluation of two models for judgments of perceptual intervals. Perception 6 Psychophysics 14:433–36. [aLEK]Google Scholar
Rule, S. J. & Curtis, D. W. (1977) Subject differences in input and output transformations from magnitude estimation of differences Ada Psychologica 41:61–65. [aLEK]Google Scholar
Rule, S. J. & Curtis, D. W. (1982) Levels of sensory and judgmental processing: Strategies for the evaluation of a model. In: Social attitudes and psychophysical measurement, ed. Wegener, B.. Erlbaum. [aLEK, MHB, SJR]Google Scholar
Rule, S. J., Curtis, D. W. & Markley, R. P. (1970) Input and output transformations from magnitude estimation. Journal of Experimental Psychology 86:343–49. [aLEK, SJR]Google Scholar
Rule, S. J., Laye, R. C. & Curtis, D. W. (1974) Magnitude judgments and difference judgments of lightness and darkness: A two-stage analysis. Journal of Experimental Psychology 103.1108–14. [aLEK]Google Scholar
Savage, C. W. (1970) The measurement of sensation: A critique of perceptual psychophysics. University of California Press. [aLEK]Google Scholar
Scharf, B. (1970) Critical bands. In: Foundations of modern auditory theory, vol. 1, ed. Tobias, J.. Academic Press. [RPH]Google Scholar
Scharf, B. (1978) Loudness. In: Handbook of perception, vol. 4, ed. Carterette, E. & Friedman, M. P.. Academic Press. [RPH]Google Scholar
Scheerer, E. (1987) The unknown Fechner. Psychological Research 49:197–202. [rLEK, ES, LMW]Google Scholar
Scheerer, E. (in press) The historical fate and the future prospects of Fechner's inner psychophysics. In: Psychophysical foundations of cognitive theory, ed. Geissler, H.-G.. Mouton. [ES]Google Scholar
Schneider, B. (1980) Individual loudness functions determined from direct comparisons of loudness intervals. Perception & Psychophysics 28:493–503. [SP, BS]Google Scholar
Schneider, B. (1988) The additivity of loudness across critical bands: A conjoint measurement approach. Perception & Psychophysics 43:211–22. [rLEK, BS]Google Scholar
Schneider, B. & Parker, S. (1987) Intensity discrimination and loudness for tones in notched noise. Perception & Psychophysics 41.253–61. [rLEK, SP]Google Scholar
Schneider, B., Parker, S., Farrell, G. & Kanow, G. (1976) The perceptual basis of loudness ratio judgments. Perception & Psychophysics 19:309–20. [BS]Google Scholar
Schneider, B., Parker, S., Ostrosky, D., Stein, D. & Kanow, G. (1974) A scale for the psychological magnitude of number. Perception & Psychophysics 16:43–46. [aLEK]Google Scholar
Schneider, B., Parker, S. & Stein, D. (1974) The measurement of loudness using direct comparisons of sensory intervals. Journal of Mathematical Psychology 11:259–73. [BS]Google Scholar
Schneider, B., Parker, S., Valenti, M., Farrell, G. & Kanow, G. (1978) Response bias in category and magnitude estimation of difference and similarity for loudness and pitch. Journal of Experimental Psychology Human Perception and Performance 4:483–96. [SP, BS]Google Scholar
Schutz, H. G. & Pilgrim, F. J. (1957) Differential sensitivity in gustation. Journal of Experimental Psychology 54:41–48. [DL]Google Scholar
Searle, C. L., Braida, L. D., Davis, M. F. & Colbum, H. S. (1976) A model for auditory localization. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 60:1164–75. [NAM]Google Scholar
Shepard, R. N. (1958) Stimulus and response generalization: Tests of a model relating generalization to distance in psychological space. Journal of Experimental Psychology 55:509–23. [RNS]Google Scholar
Shepard, R. N. (1962) Analysis of proximities: Multidimensional scaling with an unknown distance function, I & II. Psychometrika 27:125–40, 219–45. [RNS]Google Scholar
Shepard, R. N. (1965) Approximation to uniform gradients of generalization by monotone transformations of scale. In: Stimulus generalization, ed. Mostofsky, D. I.. Stanford University Press. [RNS]Google Scholar
Shepard, R. N. (1966) Metric structures in ordinal data. Journal of Mathematical Psychology 3:287–315. [aLEK]Google Scholar
Shepard, R. N. (1966a) What does the psychophysicist measure? Unpublished note. Harvard University. [RNS]Google Scholar
Shepard, R. N. (1978) On the status of “direct” psychophysical measurement. In: Minnesota studies in the philosophy of science, vol. 9. Perception and cognition issues in the foundations of psychology, ed. Savage, C. W.. University of Minnesota Press [aLEK, TI, RNS]Google Scholar
Shepard, R. N. (1981a) Psychological relations and psychological scales: On the status of “direct” psychophysical measurement. Journal of Mathematical Psychology 24:21–57. [aLEK, ECP, RNS]Google Scholar
Shepard, R. N. (1981b) Psychophysical complementarity. In: Perceptual organization, ed. Kubovy, M. & Pomerantz, J.. Erlbaum. [RNS]Google Scholar
Shepard, R. N. (1982) Geometrical approximations to the structure of musical pitch. Psychological Review 89:305–33. [RNS]Google Scholar
Shepard, R. N. (1987a) Evolution of a mesh between principles of the mind and regularities of the world. In: The latest on the best: Essays on evolution and optimality, ed. Dupré, J.. MIT Press/Bradford Books. [RNS]Google Scholar
Shepard, R. N. (1987b) Toward a universal law of generalization for psychological science. Science 237.1317–23. [RNS, LMW]Google Scholar
Smith, R. L. (1988) Encoding of sound intensity by auditory neurons In. The auditory system: Development, physiology, and psychophysics, ed. Edelman, G. M., Gall, W. E. & Cowan, W. M.. Wiley. [RPH]Google Scholar
Snodgrass, J. G. (1975) Psychophysics. In: Experimental sensory psychology, ed. Scharf, B., Scott, , Foresman. [arLEK]Google Scholar
Solomons, L. M. (1900) A new explanation of Weber's law. Psychological Review 7.234–40. [aLEK]Google Scholar
Staddon, J. E. R. (1978) Theory of behavioral power functions. Psychological Review 85:305–20. [DJW]Google Scholar
Stevens, J. C. (1957) A comparison of ratio scales for the loudness of white noise and the brightness of white light. Doctoral dissertation. Harvard University. [aLEK]Google Scholar
Stevens, J. C. (1958) Stimulus spacing and the judgment of loudness. Journal of Experimental Psychology 56:246–50. [aLEK, DL]Google Scholar
Stevens, J. C. & Marks, L. E. (1980) Cross-modality matching functions generated by magnitude estimation. Perception & Psychophysics 5:379–89. [aLEK]Google Scholar
Stevens, J. C. & Stevens, S. S. (1963) Brightness function: Effects of adaptation. Journal of the Optical Society of America 53:375–85. [rLEK, DL]Google Scholar
Stevens, J. C. & Tulving, E. (1957) Estimations of loudness by a group of untrained observers. American Journal of Psychology 70:600–605. [DL]Google Scholar
Stevens, S. S. (1946) On the theory of scales of measurement. Science 103:677–80. [aLEK, JA]Google Scholar
Stevens, S. S. (1953) On the brightness of lights and the loudness of sounds. Science 118:576. Abstract. [RPH]Google Scholar
Stevens, S. S. (1955) The measurement of loudness. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 27:815–29. [RPH, WJM, RMW]Google Scholar
Stevens, S. S. (1956) The direct estimation of sensory magnitudes – loudness. American Journal of Psychology 69:1–25. [DL]Google Scholar
Stevens, S. S. (1957a) Concerning the form of the loudness function. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 29:603–6. [RPH]Google Scholar
Stevens, S. S. (1957b) On the psychophysical law. Psychological Review 64:153–81. [RNS, MT]Google Scholar
Stevens, S. S. (1959) On the validity of the loudness scale. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 31:995–1003. [RPH]Google Scholar
Stevens, S. S. (1960) The psychophysics of sensory function. American Scientist 48:226–53. [MT]Google Scholar
Stevens, S. S. (1961) To honor Fechner and repeal his law. Science 133:80–86. [NAM]Google Scholar
Stevens, S. S. (1964) Concerning the psychophysical power law. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 16:383–85. [aLEK]Google Scholar
Stevens, S. S. (1966) Operations or words? Psychological Monographs: General and Applied 80 (no. 19, whole no 627, part 2):[33–38. [aLEK]Google Scholar
Stevens, S. S. (1969) Sensory scales of taste intensity. Perception & Psychophysics 6.302–8. [ECP]Google Scholar
Stevens, S. S. (1970) Neural events and the psychophysical law. Science 170:1043–50. [arLEK]Google Scholar
Stevens, S. S. (1971a) Sensory power functions and neural events. In: Handbook of sensory physiology, vol. 1, ed. Loewenstein, W. R.. Springer-Verlag. [arLEK]Google Scholar
Stevens, S. S. (1971b) Issues in psychophysical measurement. Psychological Review 78:426–50. [DL]Google Scholar
Stevens, S. S. (1975) Psychophysics: Introduction to its perceptual, neural, and social prospects, ed. Stevens, G.. Wiley. [arLEK, JA, MB, RPH, ES]Google Scholar
Stevens, S. S. & Galanter, E. H. (1957) Ratio scales and category scales for a dozen perceptual continua. Journal of Experimental Psychology 54:377–411. [ECP, MT]Google Scholar
Stevens, S. S. & Guirao, M. (1962) Loudness, reciprocality, and partition scales. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 34:1466–71. [RMW]Google Scholar
Stevens, S. S. & Stevens, J. C. (1960) The dynamics of visual brightness. Psychophysical Project Report PPR-246, Laboratory of Psychophysics, Harvard University. [TI]Google Scholar
Stone, H. (1963) Determination of odor difference limens for three compounds. Journal of Experimental Psychology 66 466–73. [DL]Google Scholar
Stone, H. & Bosley, J. J. (1965) Olfactory discrimination and Weber's Law. Perceptual and Motor Skills 20:657–65. [DL]Google Scholar
Stone, H., Ough, C. S. & Pangborn, R. M. (1962) Determination of odor difference thresholds. Journal of Food Science 27:197–202. [DL]Google Scholar
Teghtsoonian, M. (1965) The judgment of size. American Journal of Psychology 78.392–402. [aLEK]Google Scholar
Teghtsoonian, R. (1971) On the exponents in Stevens law and the constant in Ekman's law. Psychological Review 78.71–80. [arLEK, H-GG, DL, KHN, ECP, RT]Google Scholar
Teghtsoonian, R. (1973) Range effects in psychophysical scaling and a revision of Stevens law. American Journal of Psychology 86:3–27. [arLEK]Google Scholar
Teghtsoonian, R. (1974) On facts and theories in psychophysics: Does Ekman's law exist? In: Sensation and measurement: Papers in honor of S. S. Stevens, ed. Moskowitz, H. R., Scharf, B. & Stevens, J. C.. Reidel. [aLEK, RT]Google Scholar
Teghtsoonian, R. (1975) Review of S. S. Stevens Psychophysics: Introduction to its perceptual, neural, and social prospects. American Journal of Psychology 88.677–84. [RT]Google Scholar
Teghtsoonian, R. & Teghtsoonian, M. (1978) Range and regression effects in magnitude scaling. Perception & Psychophysics 24.305–14. [aLEK, RT]Google Scholar
Thouless, R. H. (1931) Phenomenal regression to the “real” object, I and II British Journal of Psychology 21.339–59; 22:1–30. [aLEK]Google Scholar
Thurstone, L. L. (1927) A law of comparative judgment Psychological Review 34:273–86. [aLEK, NAM]Google Scholar
Thurstone, L. L. (1927a) Psychophysical analysis. American Journal of Psychology 38.368–89. [DDD]Google Scholar
Thurstone, L. L. (1948) Psychophysical methods. In: Methods of psychology, ed. Andrews, T G.. Wiley. [DDD]Google Scholar
Titchener, E. B. (1905) Experimental psychology: Quantitative. Macmillan. [RMW]Google Scholar
Titchener, E. B. (1909) Lectures on the experimental psychology of the thought processes. Macmillan. [RMW]Google Scholar
Titchener, E. B. (1923/1905) Experimental psychology: A manual of laboratory practice, vol. 2: Qualitative experiments; part 2, instructor's manual. Macmillan. [aLEK]Google Scholar
Torgerson, W. S. (1961) Distances and ratios in psychological scaling. Ada Psychologica 19:201–5. [aLEK, MHB]Google Scholar
Treisman, M. (1962) Psychological explanation: The “private data” hypothesis. British Journal for the Philosophy of Science 13:130–43. [aLEK, MT]Google Scholar
Treisman, M. (1963a) Laws of sensory magnitude. Nature 198:914–15. [aLEK]Google Scholar
Treisman, M. (1963b) Neural effects and the psychophysical law. Nature 200:1241–42. [aLEK]Google Scholar
Treisman, M. (1963c) Temporal discrimination and the indifference interval. Implications for a model of the “internal clock.” Psychological Monographs 77, no. 576. [DL]Google Scholar
Treisman, M. (1964a) Sensory scaling and the psychophysical law. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 16:11–22. [aLEK, RNS, MT]Google Scholar
Treisman, M. (1964b) What do sensory scales measure? Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 16:387–91. [aLEK, MT]Google Scholar
Treisman, M. (1964c) Noise and Weber's law: The discrimination of brightness and other dimensions. Psychological Review 71:314–30. [MT]Google Scholar
Treisman, M. (1965) Signal detection theory and Crozier's law: Derivation of a new sensory scaling procedure. Journal of Mathematical Psychology 2:205–18. [MT]Google Scholar
Treisman, M. (1966) A statistical decision model for sensory discrimination which predicts Weber's law and other sensory laws: Some results of a computer simulation. Perception & Psychophysics 1:203–30. [MT]Google Scholar
Treisman, M. (1970) Brightness contrast and the perceptual scale. British Journal of Mathematical and Statistical Psychology 23.205–24. [MT]Google Scholar
Treisman, M. (1974) A hierarchical model of perception and sensory scaling. Proceedings of the Twentieth International Conference of Psychology. University of Tokyo Press. [MT]Google Scholar
Treisman, M. (1985) The magical number seven and some other features of category scaling: Properties of a model for absolute judgment. Journal of Mathematical Psychology 29:175–230. [MT]Google Scholar
Treisman, M. & Irwin, R. J. (1967) Auditory intensity discriminal scale I: Evidence derived from binaural intensity summation. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 42:586–92. [MT]Google Scholar
Treisman, M. or Watts, T. R. (1966) Relation between signal detectability theory and the traditional procedures for measuring sensory thresholds: Estimating d' from results given by the method of constant stimuli. Psychological Bulletin 66:438–54. [MT]Google Scholar
Tukey, J. W. (1957) On the comparative anatomy of transformations. Annals of Mathematical Statistics 28:602–32. [aLEK]Google Scholar
Tukey, J. W. (1977) Exploratory data analysis. Addison-Wesley. [DJW]Google Scholar
van Nes, F. L. & Bouman, M. A. (1967) Spatial modulation transfer in the human eye. Journal of the Optical Society of America 57:401–6. [rLEK, DL]Google Scholar
van Nes, F. L., Koenderink, J. J, Nas, H. & Bouman, M. A. (1967) Spatiotemporal modulation transfer in the human eye. Journal of the Optical Society of America 57.1082–88. [DL]Google Scholar
Veit, C. T. (1978) Ratio and subtractive processes in psychophysical judgment. Journal of Experimental Psychology (General) 107:81–107. [aLEK]Google Scholar
Verrillo, R. T., Fraiolo, A. J. & Smith, R. L. (1969) Sensation magnitude of vibrotactile stimuli. Perception & Psychophysics 6:366–72. [GAG]Google Scholar
Viemeister, N. F. (1972) Intensity discrimination of pulsed sinusoids. The effects of filtered noise. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 51:1265–69. [WJM]Google Scholar
Volkmann, A W. (1863) Physiologische Untersuchungen im Gebiete der Optik Breitkopf & Hartel. [DL]Google Scholar
von Kries, J. (1882) Über die Messung intensiver Grössen and über das sogenannte psychophysische Gesetz. Vierteljahrsschrift fur wissenschaftliche Philosphie 6:257–94. [RMW]Google Scholar
Wagenaar, W. A. (1975) Stevens vs. Fechner: A plea for dismissal of the case. Ada Psychologica 39:225–35. [aLEK]Google Scholar
Wagenaar, W. A. (1982) Misperception of exponential growth and the psychological magnitude of numbers. In: Social attitudes and psychophysical measurement, ed. Wegener, B.. Erlbaum. [aLEK]Google Scholar
Wagner, M. (1985) The metric of visual space. Perception Psychophysics 38:483–95. [rLEK, MW]Google Scholar
Wallach, H. (1963) The perception of neutral colors. Scientific American 208.107–16. [DJM]Google Scholar
Wang, L. T. & Wasserman, G. S. (1985) Direct intracellular measurement of non-linear postreceptor transfer functions in dark and light adaptation in Limulus. Brain Research 328:41–50 [aLEK, GSW]Google Scholar
Ward, L. M. (1971) Some psychophysical properties of category judgments and magnitude estimations. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Duke University. [aLEK]Google Scholar
Ward, L. M. (1972) Category judgments of loudnesses in the absence of an experimenterinduced identification function. Sequential effects and power-function fit. Journal of Experimental Psychology 94:179–84. [aLEK]Google Scholar
Ward, L. M. (1973) Repeated magnitude estimations with a variable standard: Sequential effects and other properties. Perception & Psychophysics 13:193–200. [arLEK]Google Scholar
Ward, L. M. (1987) Measurement, scaling, and fundamental psychophysics In: Fechner Day '87, ed. Teghtsoonian, M. & Teghtsoonian, R.. International Society for Psychophysics. [LMW]Google Scholar
Warren, R. M. (1958) A basis for judgment of sensory intensity. American Journal of Psychology 71 675–87. [RNS, RMW]Google Scholar
Warren, R. M. (1969) Visual intensity judgments: An empirical rule and a theory. Psychological Review 76.16–30. [aLEK, RMW]Google Scholar
Warren, R. M. (1977) Subjective loudness and its physical correlate. Acustica 37.334–46. [RMW]Google Scholar
Warren, R. M. (1981) Measurement of sensory intensity. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 4:175–223, Continuing Commentary (1983) 6:316–20. [arLEK, JL, ECP, RMW, DJW]Google Scholar
Warren, R. M. (1985) Criterion shift rule and perceptual homeostasis. Psychological Review 92:574–84. [RMW]Google Scholar
Warren, R M., Sersen, E. A. & Pores, E. B. (1958) A basis for loudness judgments. American Journal of Psychology 71:700–709. [RNS, RMW]Google Scholar
Warren, R. M. & Warren, R. P. (1958) Basis for judgments of relative brightness. Journal of the Optical Society of America 48:445–50. [RMW]Google Scholar
Warren, R. M. & Warren, R. P. (1968) Helmholtz on perception: Its physiology and development. Wiley. [RMW]Google Scholar
Wasserman, G. S., Felsten, G. & Easland, G. S. (1979) The psychophysical function. Harmonizing Fechner and Stevens. Science 204:85–87. [aLEK, GSW]Google Scholar
Wasserman, G. S. & Kong, K.-L. (1979) Absolute timing of mental activities. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 2.243–304. [GSW]Google Scholar
Wasserman, G. S., Wang-Bennett, L. T. & Miyamoto, R. T. (in press) Temporal dispersion in natural receptors and pattern discrimination mediated by artificial receptors (cochlear implants). In: Proceedings of the Fechner Centennial Symposium, ed. Buflart, H.. Elsevier. [GSW]Google Scholar
Weiss, D. J. (1972) Averaging: An empirical validity criterion for magnitude estimation. Perception & Psychophysics 12:385–88. [aLEK]Google Scholar
Weiss, D. J. (1981) The impossible dream of Fechner and Stevens. Perception 10:431–34. [arLEK, DJW]Google Scholar
Weissmann, S. M., Hollingsworth, S. R. & Baird, J. C. (1975) Psychophysical study of numbers, III: Methodological applications Psychological Research 38:97–115. [aLEK]Google Scholar
Werner, G. & Mountcastle, V. B. (1968) Quantitative relations between mechanical stimuli to the skin and neural responses evoked by them In. The skin senses, ed. Kenshalo, D.. Thomas. [rLEK, GAG]Google Scholar
Wetherill, G. B. & Levitt, H. (1965) Sequential estimation of points on a psychometric function. British Journal of Mathematical and Statistical Psychology 18:1–10. [MB]Google Scholar
Wheeler, J. A. & Zurek, W. H. (1983) Quantum theory and measurement. Princeton University Press. [JCB]Google Scholar
Wilson, K. G. & Stelmack, R. M. (1982) Power functions of loudness magnitude estimations and auditory brainstem-evoked responses. Perception 6 Psychophysics 31:561–65. [rLEK, SP]Google Scholar
Woodworth, R. S. (1914) Professor Cattell's psychophysical contributions. Archives of Psychology 30 60–74. [aLEK]Google Scholar
Woodworth, R. S. (1938) Experimental psychology. Holt. [aLEK, MB]Google Scholar
Wundt, W. (1880) Crundzuege der physiologischen Psychologie (Elements of physiological psychology), 2d ed., vol. 1. Verlag von Wilhelm Engelmann. [aLEK]Google Scholar
Wundt, W. (1885) Ueber das Weber'sche Gesetz (On Weber's law) Philosophische Studien 2:1–36. [aLEK]Google Scholar
Yilmaz, H. (1967) Perceptual invariance and the psychophysical law. Perception & Psychophysics 2:533–38. [aLEK]Google Scholar
Youngs, W. M. (1974) The coding of disparity as a function of directional separation and feature similarity. Doctoral dissertation, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH. Reported in Gulic, W. L. & Lawson, R. B. (1976) Human stereopsis: A psychophysical approach. Oxford University Press [JCB]Google Scholar
Zwicker, E. (1958) Ueber psychologische und methodische Grundlagen der Lautheit. Acustica 8:237–58.Google Scholar
Zwicker, W., Flottorp, G. & Stevens, S. S. (1957) Critical bandwidth in loudness summation. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 29.548–57 [RPH]Google Scholar
Zwicker, E. & Scharf, B. (1965) A model of loudness summation. Psychological Review 72:3–26. [RPH]Google Scholar
Zwislocki, J. J. (1965) Analysis of some auditory characteristics. In. Handbook of mathematical psychology, ed. Luce, R. D., Bush, R. R. & Galanter, E.. Wiley [RPH]Google Scholar
Zwislocki, J. J. (1974) A power function for sensory receptors. In: Sensation and Measurement. Papers in honor of S S. Stevens, ed. Moskowitz, H. R., Scharf, B. & Stevens, J. C.. Reidel. [GAG, RPH]Google Scholar
Zwislocki, J. J. (1983a) Absolute and other scales: Question of validity Perception & Psychophysics 33.593–94. [aLEK]Google Scholar
Zwislocki, J. J. (1983b) Croup and individual relations between sensation magnitudes and their numerical estimates. Perception & Psychophysics 33:460–68. [aLEK, GAG]Google Scholar
Zwislocki, J. J & Goodman, D. A. (1980) Absolute scaling of sensory magnitudes: A validation Perception & Psychophysics 28:28–38. [aLEK, RPH]Google Scholar
Zwislocki, J. J & Jordan, H. N. (1986) On the relations of intensity jnd's to loudness and neural noise, journal of the Acoustical Society of America 79:772–80. [arLEK, RPH]Google Scholar