Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-mlc7c Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-07T02:27:42.007Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Taking a conscious look at the body schema

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 August 2007

Jonathan P. Maxwell ,
Richard S. W. Masters  and
John van der Kamp
Jonathan P. Maxwell
Affiliation:
Institute of Human Performance, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong [email protected]@hku.hk
Richard S. W. Masters
Affiliation:
Institute of Human Performance, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong [email protected]@hku.hk
John van der Kamp
Affiliation:
Faculty of Human Movement Sciences, Free University Amsterdam, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands. [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Dijkerman & de Haan (D&dH) propose a somatosensory perceptual pathway that informs a consciously accessible body image, and an action pathway that provides information to a body schema, which is not consciously accessible. We argue that the body schema may become accessible to consciousness in some circumstances, possibly resulting from cross talk, but that this may be detrimental to skilled movement production.

Type
Open Peer Commentary
Information
Behavioral and Brain Sciences , Volume 30 , Issue 2 , April 2007 , pp. 216 - 217
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2007

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Baddeley, A. D. (1986) Working memory. Oxford University Press.Google ScholarPubMed
Bardy, B. G. & Laurent, M. (1998) How is body orientation controlled during somersaulting? Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 24:963–77.Google Scholar
Baumeister, R. F. (1984) Choking under pressure: Self-consciousness and paradoxical effects of incentives on skillful performance. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 46:610–20.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Beilock, S. L. & Carr, T. H. (2001) On the fragility of skilled performance: What governs choking under pressure? Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 130:701–25.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fleishman, E. A. & Rich, S. (1963) The role of kinesthetic and spatial-visual abilities in perceptual-motor learning. Journal of Experimental Psychology 66:6–11.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gray, R. (2004) Attending to the execution of a complex sensorimotor skill: Expertise differences, choking, and slumps. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 10:42–54.Google Scholar
Masters, R. S. W. (1992) Knowledge, knerves and know-how: The role of explicit versus implicit knowledge in the breakdown of a complex motor skill under pressure. British Journal of Psychology 83:343–58.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Masters, R. S. W., MacMahon, K. M. A. & Pall, H. S. (2004) Implicit motor learning in Parkinson's disease. Rehabilitation Psychology 49:79–82.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Masters, R. S. W. & Maxwell, J. P. (2004) Implicit motor learning, reinvestment and movement disruption: What you don't know won't hurt you? In: Skill acquisition in sport: Research, theory and practice, ed.Williams, A. M. & Hodges, N. J., pp. 207–28. Routledge.Google Scholar
Maxwell, J. P., Masters, R. S. W. & Eves, F. F. (2003) The role of working memory in motor learning and performance. Consciousness and Cognition 12:376–402.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Maxwell, J. P., Masters, R. S. W., Kerr, E. & Weedon, E. (2001) The implicit benefit of learning without errors. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology A 54:1049–68.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McNevin, N. H., Shea, C. H. & Wulf, G. (2003) Increasing the distance of an external focus of attention enhances learning. Psychological Research 67:22–29.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Milner, A. D. & Goodale, M. A. (1995) The visual brain in action. Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Paillard, J. (1999) Body schema and body image: A double dissociation in deafferented patients. In: Motor control, today and tomorrow, ed. Gantchev, G. N., Mori, S. & Massion, J., pp. 197–214. Academic Publishing House.Google Scholar
Poolton, J. M., Masters, R. S. W. & Maxwell, J. P. (2005) The relationship between initial errorless learning conditions and subsequent performance. Human Movement Science 24:362–78.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Poolton, J. M., Masters, R. S. W. & Maxwell, J. P. (2006) The influence of analogy learning on decision making in table tennis: Evidence from behavioural data. Psychology of Sport and Exercise 7:677–88.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Poolton, J. M., Masters, R. S. W. & Maxwell, J. P. (in press) Passing thoughts on the evolutionary stability of implicit motor behaviour: Performance retention under physiological fatigue. Consciousness and Cognition.Google Scholar
Reber, A. S. (1992) An evolutionary context for the cognitive unconscious. Philosophical Psychology 5:33–51.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Robertson, S., Collins, J., Elliott, D. & Starkes, J. (1994) The influence of skill and intermittent vision on dynamic balance. Journal of Motor Behavior 26:333–39.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Robertson, S. & Elliott, D. (1996) The influence of skill in gymnastics and vision on dynamic balance. International Journal of Sport Psychology 27:361–68.Google Scholar
Rochat, P. & Morgan, R. (1995) Spatial determinants in the perception of self-produced leg movements by 3- to 5-month-old infants. Developmental Psychology 31:626–36.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rossetti, Y., Rode, G. & Boisson, D. (1995b) Implicit processing of somaesthetic information: A dissociation between where and how? NeuroReport 6:506–10.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rossetti, Y., Rode, G. & Boisson, D. (2001) Numbsense: A case study and implications. In: Out of mind: Varieties of unconscious processing, ed. de Gelder, B., De Haan, E. H. F. & Heywood, C. A.. Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Westwood, D. A. & Goodale, M. A. (2003) A haptic size-contrast illusion affects size perception but not grasping. Experimental Brain Research 153:253–59.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wulf, G., McNevin, N. & Shea, C. H. (2001) The automaticity of complex motor skill learning as a function of attentional focus. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology A 54(4):1143–54.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wulf, G. & Prinz, W. (2001) Directing attention to movement effects enhances learning: A review. Psychonomic Bulletin and Review 8:648–60.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed