Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-g8jcs Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-22T10:22:56.120Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Nonsignificant relationships as scientific evidence

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  04 February 2010

Robert Rosenthal
Robert Rosenthal
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass. 02138
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.
Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'
Type
Open Peer Commentary
Information
Behavioral and Brain Sciences , Volume 9 , Issue 3 , September 1986 , pp. 479 - 481
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1986

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Bandura, A. (1977) Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavioral change. Psychological Review 84:191–215. [taNPS]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barber, T. X. (1959) Toward a theory of pain relief: Relief of chronic pain by prefrontal leucotomy, opiates, placebos, and hypnosis. Psychological Bulletin 56:430–6. [tarNPS]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barber, T. X. (1963) The effects of “hypnosis” on pain: A critical review of experimental and clinical findings. Psychosomatic Medicine 25:303–33. [DCT]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barber, T. X. (1969) Hypnosis: A scientific approach. Van Nostrand Reinhold. [tarNPS, KSB, FJE, JFK]Google Scholar
Barber, T. X. (1970) LSD, marihuana, yoga, and hypnosis. Aldine. [KSB]Google Scholar
Barber, T. X. (1971) Imagery and “hallucinations”: Effects of LSD contrasted with the effects of “hypnotic” suggestions. In: Imagery: Current cognitive approaches, ed. Segal, S. J.. Academic Press. [taNPS]Google Scholar
Barber, T. X. (1972) Suggested (“hypnotic”) behavior: The trance paradigm versus an alternative paradigm. In: Hypnosis: Research developments and perspectives, ed. Fromm, E. & Shor, R. E.. Aldine-Atherton. [rNPS, JOB]Google Scholar
Barber, T. X. (1978) Hypnosis, suggestions, and psychosomatic phenomena: A new look from the standpoint of recent experimental studies. American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis 21:13–27. [IK]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Barber, T. X. (1979) Suggested (“hypnotic”) behavior: The trance paradigm versus an alternative paradigm. In: Hypnosis: Developments in research and new perspectives, ed. Fromm, E. & Shor, R. E.. Aldine-Atherton. [taNPS]Google Scholar
Barber, T. X. (1982) Hypnosuggestive procedures in the treatment of clinical pain: Implications for theories of hypnosis and suggestive therapy. In: Handbook of clinical health psychology, ed. Millon, T., Green, C. J. & Meagher, R. B. Jr., Plenum Press. [DCT]Google Scholar
Barber, T. X. & Calverley, D. S. (1966) Toward a theory of “hypnotic” behavior: Experimental analysis of suggested amnesia. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 71:95–106. [taNPS]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barber, T. X. & Cooper, B. J. (1972) Effects on pain of experimentallyinduced and spontaneous distraction. Psychological Reports 31:647–51. [taNPS]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barber, T. X. & Hahn, K. W. Jr., (1962) Physiological and subjective responses to pain producing stimulation under hypnotically-suggested and waking-imagined “analgesia.” Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology 65:411–18. [taNPS]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Barber, T. X., Spanos, N. P. & Chaves, J. F. (1974) Hypnosis, imagination, and human potentialities. Pergamon. [rNPS, JFK, RSt.J]Google Scholar
Beahrs, J. O. (1982) Unity and multiplicity: Multilevel consciousness of self in hypnosis, psychiatric disorder and mental health. Brunner/Mazel. [JOB]Google Scholar
Beahrs, J. O. (in press) Limits of scientific psychiatry: Implications of the uncertainty principle in mental health. Brunner/Mazel. [JOB]Google Scholar
Beecher, H. K. (1956) Relationship of significance of wound to pain experienced. Journal of the American Medical Association 161:1609–13. [rNPS]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Beers, T. M. & Karoly, P. (1979) Cognitive strategies, expectancy, and coping in the control of pain. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 47:179–80. [taNPS]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bernheim, H. (1889) Suggestive therapeutics: A treatise on the nature and uses of hypnosis, (trans. C. A. Herter.) Putnam's. [MTO]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bertrand, L. D. & Spanos, N. P. (1985) The organization of recall during hypnotic suggestions for complete and selective amnesia. Imagination, Cognition and Personality 4:249–61. [tarNPS]Google Scholar
Bertrand, L. D., Spanos, N. P. & Parkinson, B. (1983) Test of the dissipation hypothesis of hypnotic amnesia. Psychological Reports 52:667–71. [taNPS, JFK]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bjork, R. A. (1972) Theoretical implications of directed forgetting. In: Coding processes in human memory, ed. Melton, A. W. & Martin, E.. Winston. [GU]Google Scholar
Black, S. (1969) Mind and body. William Kimber. [KSB]Google Scholar
Blum, G. S. & Graef, J. R. (1971) The detection over time of subjects simulating hypnosis. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis 19:211–24. [taNPS]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bowers, K. S. (1976) Hypnosis for the seriously curious. Brooks/Cole. [tarNPS, PLNN]Google Scholar
Bowers, K. S. (1983) Hypnosis for the seriously curious. W. W. Norton. [KSB GFW]Google Scholar
Bowers, K. S. (1984a) Hypnosis. In: Personality and behavioral disorders, 2nd edition, ed. Endler, N. S. & Hunt, J. McV.. Wiley. [KSB]Google Scholar
Bowers, K. S. (1984b) Comment on Wagstaffs review of “Hypnosis for the seriously curious.” British Journal of Experimental and Clinical Hypnosis 1:3, 47. [GFW]Google Scholar
Bowers, K. S. & Kelly, P. (1979) Stress, disease, psychotherapy, and hypnosis. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 88:490–505. [KSB]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bowers, P. (1982) The classic suggestion effect: Relationships with scales of hypnotizability, effortless experiencing, and imagery vividness. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis 30:270–79. [PGB]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bowers, P. (1984) The experience of involuntariness. Presented at the 92nd meeting of the American Psychological Association, Toronto. [PGB]Google Scholar
Bowers, P., Laurence, J. R. & Hart, D. (submitted) The experience of hypnotic suggestions. [PGB]Google Scholar
Braid, J. (1855) The physiology of fascination and the critics cirtidsed. Grant & Co. [WEE]Google Scholar
Brody, N., Goodman, S. E., Halm, E., Krinzman, S. & Sebrechts, M. (submitted) Lateralized affective priming of lateralized affectively valued target words. [NB]Google Scholar
Chaves, J. F. (1968) Hypnosis reconceptualized: An overview of Barber's theoretical and empirical work. Psychological Reports 22:587–608. [rNPS]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chaves, J. F. (1983) Hypnosis in the control of clinical pain. Presented at the annual meeting of the American Psychological Association, Toronto. [rNPS]Google Scholar
Chaves, J. F. & Barber, T. X. (1974) Cognitive strategies, experimenter modeling and expectation in the attenuation of pain. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 83:356–63. [taNPS]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chaves, J. F. & Barber, T. X. (1976) Hypnotic procedures and surgery: A critical analysis with applications to “acupuncture analgesia.” American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis 18:217–36. [rNPS]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chaves, J. F. & Doney, T. (1976) Cognitive attenuation of pain: The roles of imagery, strategy relevance, absorption, and expectation. Presented at the annual meeting for the Association for the Advancement of Behavior Therapy, New York. [taNPS]Google Scholar
Coe, W. C. (1978) The credibility of posthypnotic amnesia: A contextualist's view. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis 26:281–86. [taNPS]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Coe, W. C. & Sarbin, T. R. (1977) Hypnosis from the standpoint of a contextualist. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 296:2–13. [tarNPS, DCT]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Coe, W. C. & Yashinski, E. (1985) Volitional experiences associated with breaching posthypnotic amnesia. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 48:716–22. [JFK]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cooper, H. M. (1984) The integrative research review: A systematic approach. Sage. [RR]Google Scholar
Cooper, L. M. (1972) Hypnotic amnesia. In: Hypnosis: Research and developments, ed. Fromm, E. & Shor, R. E.. Aldine. [taNPS]Google Scholar
Council, J. R. & Kirsch, I. (1984) Imaginative involvement and hypnotic responding: The effects of discrepant rationales. Presented at the meeting of the American Psychological Association, Toronto. [IK]Google Scholar
Crasilneck, H. D. & Hall, J. A. (1985) Clinical hypnosis: Principles and applications, 2nd edition. Grune & Stratton. [DS]Google Scholar
Davidson, T. & Bowers, K. S. (1983) Recall disorganization, volitional/nonvolitional experiencing and posthypnotic amnesia. Unpublished manuscript. University of Waterloo. [taNPS]Google Scholar
Dennett, D. C. (1978) Brainstorms: Philosophical essays on mind and psychology. Bradford. [rNPS]Google Scholar
D'Eon, J. L. & Perry, C. W. (1983) Response to pressure pain as moderated by susceptibility, type of suggestion strategy, and choice. Presented at the annual meeting of the Society for Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis, Boston. [taNPS]Google Scholar
Diamond, M. J. (1972) The use of observationally presented information to modify hypnotic susceptibility. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 79:174–80. [taNPS]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Diamond, M. J. (1974) Modifications of hypnotizability: A review. Psychological Bulletin 81:180–98. [taNPS]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Diamond, M. J. (1977) Hypnotizability is modifiable: An alternative approach. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis 25:147–66. [tarNPS]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dillon, R. F. & Spanos, N. P. (1983) Proactive interference and the functional ablation hypothesis: More disconfirmatory data. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis 31:47–56. [taNPS]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dixon, N. F. (1971) Subliminal perception: The nature of a controversy. McGraw-Hill. [GFW]Google Scholar
Dubreuil, D. L., Spanos, N. P. & Bertrand, L. D. (1983) Does hypnotic amnesia dissipate with time? Imagination, Cognition and Personality 2:103–13. [tarNPS, IK]Google Scholar
Edmonston, W. E. Jr., (1962) Hypnotic age-regression: An evaluation of roletaking theory. American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis 5:3–7. [WEE]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Edmonston, W. E. Jr., (1981) Hypnosis and relaxation: Modern verification of an old equation. Wiley. [WEE]Google Scholar
Edmonston, W. E. Jr., (1986) The induction of hypnosis. Wiley. [WEE]Google Scholar
Ehrlichman, H. & Weinberger, A. (1978) Lateral eye movements and hemispheric assymmetry: A critical review. Psychological Bulletin 85:1080–1101. [rNPS]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ellenberger, H. E. (1970) The discovery of the unconscious. Basic Books. [RST]Google Scholar
Epstein, W. (1972) Mechanisms of directed forgetting. In: The psychology of learning and motivation, ed. Bower, G. H.. Academic Press. [GU]Google Scholar
Epstein, W. & Wilder, L. (1972) Searching for to-be-forgotten material in a directed forgetting task. Journal of Experimental Psychology 95:349–57. [GU]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Erdelyi, M. H. & Kleinbard, J. (1978) Has Ebbinghaus decayed with time? The growth of recall (hypermnesia) over days. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Learning and Memory 4:275–89. [DS]Google Scholar
Evans, F. J. (1979a) Contextual forgetting: Posthypnotic source amnesia. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 88:556–63. [taNPS]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Evans, F. J. (1979b) Hot amethysts, eleven fingers and the Orient Express. In: Hypnosis 1979, ed. Burrows, C. D., Collison, D. R. & Dennerstein, L.. Elsevier/North-Holland. [rNPS]Google Scholar
Evans, F. J. (1980) Phenomena of hypnosis: 2. Posthypnotic amnesia. In: Handbook of hypnosis and psychosomatic medicine, ed. Burrows, G. D. & Dennerstein, L.. Elsevier/North-Holland. [FJE]Google Scholar
Evans, F. J. (1985) Expectancy, therapeutic instructions and the placebo response. In: Placebo: Theory, research, and mechanisms, ed. White, L., Turksy, B. & Schwartz, G. F.. Guildford Press. [FJE]Google Scholar
Evans, F. J. & Kihlstrom, J. F. (1973) Posthypnotic amnesia as disrupted retrieval. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 82:317–23. [taNPS]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Evans, F. J. & Orne, M. T. (1965) Motivation, performance, and hypnosis. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis 13:103–16. [JFK]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Evans, F. J. (1971) The disappearing hypnotist: The use of simulating subjects to evaluate how subjects perceive experimental procedures. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis 19:277–96. [JFK]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Evans, F. J. & Thorn, W. A. (1966) Two types of posthypnotic amnesia: Recall amnesia and source amnesia. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis 14:162–79. [taNPS]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Evans, M. & Paul, G. L. (1970) Effects of hypnotically suggested analgesia on physiological and subjective responses to cold stress. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 35:362–71. [taNPS]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Farah, M. J. & Smith, A. F. (1983) Perceptual interference and facilitation with auditory imagery. Perception and Psychophysics 33:475–8. [rNPS]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Farthing, W. G., Venturino, M. & Brown, S. W. (1984) Suggestion and distraction in the control of pain: Test of two hypotheses. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 93:259–65. [taNPS]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Frankel, F. H. (1976) Hypnosis: Trance as a coping mechanism. Plenum Press. [DS]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Freud, S. (1893) On the psychical mechanism of hysterical phenomena. Collected Papers, vol. 1, 1949. Hogarth Press. [TLR]Google Scholar
Freud, S. (1943/1916) Introductory lectures on psychoanalysis. Doubleday. [JOB]Google Scholar
Geiselman, R. E., Bjork, R. A. & Fishman, (1983) Disrupted retrieval in directed forgetting: A link with posthypnotic amnesia. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 112:58–72. [GU]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Genest, M. (1978) A cognitive-behavioral bibliotherapy to ameliorate pain. Presented at the annual meeting of the American Psychological Association, Toronto. [taNPS]Google Scholar
Genest, M., Meichenbaum, D. H. & Turk, D. C. (1977) A cognitivebehavioral approach to the management of pain. Presented at the 11th annual convention of the Association for the Advancement of Behavior Therapy, Atlanta. [taNPS]Google Scholar
Gfeller, J., Lynn, S., Pribble, W. & Kvinge, D. (1985) Enhancing hypnotic susceptibility: Interpersonal and rapport factors. Unpublished manuscript, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio. [rNPS]Google Scholar
Girodo, M. & Wood, D. (1979) Talking yourself out of pain: The importance of believing that you can. Cognitive Therapy and Research 3:23–33. [taNPS]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Glass, G. V., McGaw, B. & Smith, M. L. (1981) Meta-analysis in social research. Sage. [RR]Google Scholar
Goffman, E. (1959) The presentation of self in everyday life. Doubleday-Anchor. [rNPS]Google Scholar
Gorassini, D. & Spanos, N. P. (1986) A social cognitive skills approach to the successful modification of hypnotic susceptibility. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 50:1004–12. [tarNPS]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gregg, V. (1979) Posthypnotic amnesia and general memory theory. Bulletin of the British Society of Experimental and Clinical Hypnosis 2:11–14. [taNPS]Google Scholar
Gregg, V. (1982) Posthypnotic amnesia for recently learned material: A comment on the paper by J. F. Kihlstrom (1980). Bulletin of the British Society of Experimental and Clinical Hypnosis 5:27–30. [taNPS]Google Scholar
Grimm, L. & Kanfer, F. H. (1976) Tolerance of aversive stimulation. Behavior Therapy 7:593–601. [taNPS]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gur, R. C. & Gur, R. E. (1974) Handedness, sex and eyedness as moderating variables between hypnotic susceptibility and brain asymmetry. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 83:635–43. [EAW]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ham, M. L., Radtke, H. L. & Spanos, N. P. (1981) The effects of suggestion type and the experience of involuntariness on the breaching of hypnotic amnesia. Unpublished manuscript, Carleton University. [taNPS]Google Scholar
Ham, M. W. & Spanos, N. P. (1974) Suggested auditory and visual hallucinations in task-motivated and hypnotic subjects. American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis 17:94–101. [taNPS]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hedges, L. V. & Olkin, I. (1985) Statistical methods for meta-analysis. Academic Press. [RR]Google Scholar
Hilgard, E. R. (1965) Hypnotic susceptibility. Harcourt Brace & World. [taNPS, KSB, FJE]Google ScholarPubMed
Hilgard, E. R. (1972) A critique of Johnson, Maher, and Barber's “Artifact in the ‘essence of hypnosis’: An evaluation of trance logic,” with a recomputation of their findings. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 79:221–33. [FJE]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hilgard, E. R. (1974) Toward a neo-dissociation theory: Multiple cognitive controls in human functioning. Perspectives in Biology and Medicine 17:301–16. [GFW]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hilgard, E. R. (1977a) Divided consciousness. Wiley. [tarNPS, JOB, KSB, KRG, JFK, CP, RSt.J, CFW]Google ScholarPubMed
Hilgard, E. R. (1977b) The problem of divided consciousness: A neodissociation interpretation. Annals of the New york Academy of Sciences 296:48–59. [taNPS, JFK]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hilgard, E. R. (1979) Divided consciousness in hypnosis: The implications of the hidden observer. In: Hypnosis: Developments in research and new perspectives, 2nd edition, ed. Fromm, E. & Shor, R. E.. Aldine. [taNPS, JFK]Google Scholar
Hilgard, E. R. (1982) Illusion that the eye-roll sign is related to hypnotizability. Archives of General Psychiatry 39:963–66. [rNPS]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hilgard, E. R. (1983) Dissociation theory and hypnosis. Presented at the annual meeting of the American Psychological Association, Anaheim. [taNPS]Google Scholar
Hilgard, E. R. & Cooper, L. M. (1965) Spontaneous and suggested posthypnotic amnesia. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis 13:261–73. [taNPS]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hilgard, E. R. & Hilgard, J. R. (1975) Hypnosis in the relief of pain. William Kaufmann. [taNPS, CP, DS]Google Scholar
Hilgard, E. R., Hilgard, J. R., Macdonald, H., Morgan, A. H. & Johnson, L. S. (1978) Covert pain in hypnotic analgesia: Its reality as tested by the real-simulator design. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 87:655–63. [taNPS]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hilgard, E. R., Macdonald, H., Morgan, A. H. & Johnson, L. S. (1978) The reality of hypnotic analgesia: A comparison of high hypnotizables with simulators. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 87:239–46. [taNPS]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hilgard, E. R., Morgan, A. H. & Macdonald, H. (1975) Pain and dissociation in the cold pressor test. A study of hypnotic analgesia with “hidden reports” through automatic key-pressing and automatic talking. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 84:280–89. [taNPS]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hilgard, J. R. (1970) Personality and hypnosis: A study of imaginative involvement. University of Chicago Press. [MTO, CP]Google Scholar
Hilgard, J. R. & LeBaron, S. (1984) Hypnotherapy of pain in children with cancer. William Kaufmann. [KSB]Google Scholar
Horan, J. J., Hackett, G., Buchanan, J. S., Stone, C. I. & Demchik-Stone, D. (1977) Coping with pain: A component analysis of stress inoculation. Cognitive Therapy and Research 1:111–221. [taNPS]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Howard, M. L. & Coe, W. C. (1980) The effects of context and subjects' perceived control in breaching posthypnotic amnesia. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 46:342–59. [taNPS, JFK]Google Scholar
Hunter, J. E., Schmidt, F. L. & Jackson, G. B. (1982) Meta-analysis: Cumulating research findings across studies. Sage. [RR]Google Scholar
Janet, P. (1889) L'Automatisme psychologique. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique. [CP]Google Scholar
Janet, P. (1895) J. M. Charcot, his psychological work. Revue Philsophique 39:569–604. [JFK]Google Scholar
Jaremko, M. E. (1978) Cognitive strategies in the control of pain tolerance. Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry 9:239–44. [taNPS]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Johnson, R. F. Q. (1974) Suggestions for pain reduction and response to cold induced pain. Psychological Record 24:138–56. [taNPS]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Johnson, R. F. Q., Maher, B. & Barber, T. X. (1972) Artifact in the “essence of hypnosis”: An evaluation of trance logic. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 79:234–38. [taNPS, FJE]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Juhasz, J. B. (1979) Theories of hypnosis and theories of imagining. Academic Psychology Bulletin 1:119–28. [rNPS]Google Scholar
Kihlstrom, J. F. (1975) The effects of organization and motivation on recall during posthypnotic amnesia. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Pennsylvania. [rNPS]Google Scholar
Kihlstrom, J. F. (1977) Models of posthypnotic amnesia. In: Conceptual and investigative approaches to hypnosis and hypnotic phenomena, ed. W. E. Edmonston. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 296:284–301. [taNPS, FJE, JFK]Google ScholarPubMed
Kihlstrom, J. F. (1978) Context and cognition in posthypnotic amnesia. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis 26:246–67. [taNPS, JFK]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kihlstrom, J. F. (1980) Posthypnotic amnesia for recently learned material: Interactions with “episodic” and “semantic” memory. Cognitive Psychology 12:227–51. [tarNPS]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kihlstrom, J. F. (1983) Instructed forgetting: Hypnotic and nonhypnotic. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 112:73–79. [taNPS. GU]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kihlstrom, J. F. (1984a) Conscious, subconscious, unconscious: A cognitive perspective. In: The unconscious reconsidered, ed. Bowers, K. S. & Meichenbaum, D.. Wiley-Interscience. [JFK]Google Scholar
Kihlstrom, J. F. (1984b) A fact is a fact is a fact. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 7:243–44. [JFK]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kihlstrom, J. F. (1985a) Hypnosis. Annual Review of Psychology 36:385–418. [JFK]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kihlstrom, J. F. (1985b) Posthypnotic amnesia and the dissociation of memory. In: The psychology of learning and motivation, vol. 19, ed. Bower, G. H.. Academic Press. [JFK]Google Scholar
Kihlstrom, J. F., Brenneman, H. A., Pistole, D. D. & Shor, R. E. (1985) Hypnosis as a retrieval cue in posthypnotic amnesia. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 94:264–71. [JFK]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kihlstrom, J. F., Easton, R. D. & Shor, R. E. (1983) Spontaneous recovery of memory during posthypnotic amnesia. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis 31:309–23. [taNPS, JFK]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kihlstrom, J. F. & Evans, F. J. (1979) Memory retrieval processes during posthypnotic amnesia. In: Functional disorders of memory, ed. Kihlstrom, J. F. & Evans, F. J.. Erlbaum Associates. [taNPS, FJE]Google Scholar
Kihlstrom, J. F., Evans, F. J., Orne, M. T. & Orne, E. C. (1980) Attempting to breach posthypnotic amnesia. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 89:603–26. [tarNPS, JFK]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kihlstrom, J. F. & Shor, R. E. (1978) Recall and recognition during posthypnotic amnesia. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis 26:246–67. [taNPS]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kihlstrom, J. F. & Wilson, L. (1984) Temporal organization of recall during post-hypnotic amnesia. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 93:200–208. [taNPS]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kinney, J. M. & Sachs, L. B. (1974) Increasing hypnotic susceptibility. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 83:145–50. [tarNPS]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kirsch, I. (1985) Response expectancy as a determinant of experience and behavior. American Psychologist 40:1189–1202. [IK]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kirsch, I., Carone, J. E. & Johnston, D. J. (1986) The surreptitious observation design: A new experimental paradigm for distinguishing artifact from essence in hypnosis. To be presented at the meeting of American Psychological Association, Washington. [IK]Google Scholar
Kirsch, I., Council, J. R. & Vickery, A. R. (1984) The role of expectancy in eliciting hypnotic responses as a function of type of induction. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 52:708–9. [IK]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Klepac, R. K., Hauge, G., Dowling, J. & McDonald, M. (1981) Direct and generalized effect of three components of stress inoculation for increased pain tolerance. Behavior Therapy 12:417–24. [taNPS]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Knox, V. J., Gekoski, W. L., Shum, K. & McLaughlin, D. M. (1981) Analgesia for experimentally induced pain: Multiple sessions of acupuncture compared to hypnosis in high- and low-susceptible subjects. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 90:28–34. [FJE]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Knox, V. J., Morgan, A. H. & Hilgard, E. R. (1974) Pain and suffering in ischemia: The paradox of hypnotically suggested anesthesia as contradicted by reports from the “hidden observer.” Archives of General Psychiatry 30:840–47. [taNPS]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Laurence, J. R. & Perry, C. (1981) The “hidden observer” phenomenon in hypnosis: Some additional findings. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 90:334–44. [tarNPS, CP]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Laurence, J., Perry, C. & Kihlstrom, J. (1983) “Hidden observer” phenomena in hypnosis: An experimental creation: Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 44:163–69. [JFK, GFW]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Laurence, J.-R. & Nadon, R. (in press) Hypnotic depth: Is it more than mere words? International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis. [CP]Google Scholar
Laurence, J.-R., Nadon, R., Nogrady, H. & Perry, C. (in press) Duality, dissociation, and memory creation in highly hypnotizable subjects. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis. [CP]Google Scholar
Lazarus, R. S. (1966) Psychological stress and coping processes. McGraw-Hill. [taNPS]Google Scholar
Levy, L. H. (1967) Awareness, learning and the beneficent subject as expert witness. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 6:365–70. [rNPS]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Light, R. J. & Pillemer, D. B. (1984) Summing up: The science of reviewing research. Harvard University Press. [RR]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lyerly, S. B., Ross, S., Krugman, A. D. & Clyde, D. J. (1964) Drugs and placebos: The effects of instructions upon performance and mood under amphetamine sulphate and chloral hydrate. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology 68:321–27. [RR]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lynn, S. J., Nash, M. R., Rhue, J. W., Carlson, V., Sweeney, C., Frauman, D. & Givens, D. (1982) Reals vs. simulators: Experiential and behavioral differences in response to conflicting suggestions during hypnosis. Presented at the Ninth International Congress of Hypnosis and Psychosomatic Medicine, Glasgow, Scotland. [taNPS]Google Scholar
McConkey, K. M. & Sheehan, P. W. (1980) Inconsistency in hypnotic age regression and cue structure as supplied by the hypnotist. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis 28:394–408. [taNPS]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McConkey, K. M. (1981) The impact of videotape playback of hypnotic events on posthypnotic amnesia. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 90:46–54. [taNPS, PWS]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McConkey, K. M., Sheehan, P. W. & Cross, D. G. (1980) Posthypnotic amnesia: Seeing is not remembering. British Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology 19:99–107. [PWS]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McDonald, R. D. & Smith, J. R. (1975) Trance logic in tranceable and simulating subjects. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis 23:80–89. [taNPS]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McGlashan, T. H., Evans, F. J. & Orne, M. T. (1969) The nature of hypnotic analgesia and placebo response to experimental pain. Psychosomatic Medicine 31:227–46. [rNPS, FJE, DS]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Meichenbaum, D. (1977) Cognitive behavior modification. Plenum Press. [taNPS, FJE]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mesulam, M-M., Waxman, S. G., Geschwind, N. & Sabin, T. W. (1976) Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 39:84–89. [EAW]Google Scholar
Miller, M. E. & Bowers, K. S. (1984) Hypnotic analgesia and stress inoculation training in the reduction of cold pressor pain. Presented at the 36th annual meeting of the Society for Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis, San Antonio Texas. [taNPS, FJE]Google Scholar
Miller, M. E. & Bowers, K. S. (1986) Hypnotic analgesia and stress inoculation in the reduction of pain. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 95:6–14. [JFK]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Monteiro, K. P., MacDonald, H. & Hilgard, E. R. (1980) Imagery, absorption and hypnosis: A factorial study. Journal of Mental Imagery 4:63–81. [GFW]Google Scholar
Morgan, A. H., Johnson, D. L. & Hilgard, E. R. (1974) The stability of hypnotic susceptibility: A longitudinal study. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis 22:249–57. [KSB]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Murphy, M. D. (1979) Measurement of category clustering in free recall. In: Memory organization and structure, ed. Puff, C. R.. Academic Press. [taNPS]Google Scholar
Nace, E. P., Orne, M. T. & Hammer, A. G. (1974) Posthypnotic amnesia as. an active psychic process: The reversibility of amnesia. Archives of General Psychiatry 31:257–60. [taNPS]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nadon, R. (1983) The skills of hypnosis. Unpublished M.A. thesis. Concordia University. [CP]Google Scholar
Nadon, R. (1985) Inventory and task predictors of hypnotic susceptibility. Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, Concordia University. [CP]Google Scholar
Nadon, R., D'Eon, J. L., McConkey, K. M., Laurence, J.-R. & Perry, C. (1986) Posthypnotic amnesia, the hidden observer effect, and duality during hypnotic age regression. Submitted. [CP]
Naish, P. L. N. (1983) Hypnosis: A signal detection approach. Presented at the January meeting of Experimental Psychology Society, University of London. [PLNN]Google Scholar
Naish, P. L. N. (1985a) The “trance” described in signal detection terms. British Journal of Experimental and Clinical Hypnosis 2:133–37. [PLNN]Google Scholar
Naish, P. L. N. (1985b) Is a signal detection account of hypnosis supportable? British Journal of Experimental and Clinical Hypnosis 2:147–50. [PLNN]Google Scholar
Naish, P. L. N. (in press) A signal detection description of hypnosis. In: What is hypnosis?, ed. Naish, P. L. N.. Open University Press. [PLNN]Google Scholar
Neufeld, W. J. & Thomas, P. (1977) Effects of perceived efficacy of a prophylactic controlling mechanism on self-control under pain stimulation. Canadian Journal of Behavioral Science 9:224–32. [taNPS, IK]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nisbett, R. E. & Wilson, T. D. (1977) Telling more than we can know: Verbal reports on mental processes. Psychological Review 84:231–59. [NB]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nogrady, H., McConkey, K. M., Laurence, J. R. & Perry, C. (1983) Dissociation duality and demand characteristics in hypnosis. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 92:223–35. [taNPS, CP]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Norman, D. A. (1981) Categorization of action slips. Psychological Review 88:1–15. [KSB]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Norris, D. L. (1973) Barber's task-motivational theory and posthypnotic amnesia. American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis 15:181–86. [taNPS]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Obstoj, I. & Sheehan, P. W. (1977) Aptitude for trance, task generalizability, and incongruity response in hypnosis. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 86:543–52. [tarNPS]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Orne, M. T. (1951) The mechanisms of hypnotic age regression: An experimental study. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology 46:213–25. [taNPS, JFK, CP]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Orne, M. T. (1959) The nature of hypnosis: Artifact and essence. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology 58:277–99. [tarNPS, JOB, JFK, MTO, DS, RSt.J]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Orne, M. T. (1962a) Hypnotically induced hallucinations. In: Hallucinations, ed. West, L. J.. Crune & Stratton. [taNPS]Google Scholar
Orne, M. T. (1962b) On the social psychology of the psychological experiment: With particular reference to demand characteristics and their implications. American Psychologist 17:776–83. [MTO]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Orne, M. T. (1966) Hypnosis, motivation and compliance. American Journal of Psychiatry 122:721–26. [taNPS]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Orne, M. T. (1969) Demand characteristics and the concept of quasi-controls. In: Artifact in behavioral research, ed. Rosenthal, R. & Rosnow, R. L.. Academic Press. [MTO]Google Scholar
Orne, M. T. (1970) Hypnosis, motivation, and the ecological validity of the psychological experiment. In: Nebraska symposium on motivation, ed. Arnold, W. J. & Page, M. M.. University of Nebraska Press. [JFK]Google Scholar
Orne, M. T. (1971) The simulation of hypnosis: Why, how, and what it means. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis 19:183–210. [MTO]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Orne, M. T. (1972) On the simulating subject as a quasi-control group in hypnosis research: What, why, and how. In: Hypnosis: Research developments and perspectives, ed. Fromm, E. & Shor, R. E.. Aldine-Atherton. [PWS]Google Scholar
Orne, M. T. (1977) The construct of hypnosis: Implications of the definition for research and practice. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 296:14–33. [taNPS]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Orne, M. T. (1979a) On the simulating subject as a quasi-control group in hypnosis research: What, why and how. In: Hypnosis: Developments in research and new perspectives, 2nd edition, ed. Fromm, E. & Shor, R. E.. Aldine. [taNPS, PLNN]Google Scholar
Orne, M. T. (1979b) The use and misuse of hypnosis in court. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis 38:311–41. [rNPS]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Orne, M. T. (1980) On the construct of hypnosis: How its definition affects research and its clinical application. In: Handbook of hypnosis and psychosomatic medicine, ed. Burrows, G. D. and Dennerstein, L.. Elsevier/North Holland. [CP]Google Scholar
Orne, M. T. & Evans, F. J. (1965) Social control in the psychological experiment: Antisocial behavior and hypnosis. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 1:189–200. [JFK]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Orne, M. T. & Hammer, A. G. (1974) Hypnosis. In: Encyclopedia Britannica, 15th edition. Benton. [taNPS]Google Scholar
Orne, M. T., Soskis, D. A., Dinges, D. F. & Orne, E. C. (1984) Hypnotically induced testimony. In: Eyewitness testimony: Psychological perspectives, ed. Wells, G. L. & Loftus, E. F.. Harvard University Press. [JFK, NPS, CP]Google Scholar
Pellegrino, J. W. & Ingram, A. L. (1979) Processes, products, and measures of memory organization. In: Memory organization and structure, ed. Puff, C. R.. Academic Press. [taNPS]Google Scholar
Perry, C. W. (1977) Is hypnotizability modifiable? International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis 25:125–46. [taNPS, FJE]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Perry, C. & Laurence, J.-R. (1983) Hypnosis, surgery, and mind-body interaction: An historical evaluation. Canadian Journal of Behavioral Science 15:351–72. [rNPS, KSB]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Perry, C. & Laurence, J.-R. (1983) The enhancement of memory by hypnosis in the legal investigative situation. Canadian Psychology/Psychologie Canadienne 24:155–67. [CP]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Perry, C. W. & Walsh, B. (1978) Inconsistencies and anomalies of response as a defining characteristic of hypnosis. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis 87:574–77. [taNPS]Google ScholarPubMed
Peters, J. E. (1973) Trance logic: Artifact or essence in hypnosis? Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, Pennsylvania State University. [taNPS]Google Scholar
Pettinati, H. M., Evans, F. J., Orne, E. C. & Orne, M. T. (1981) Restricted use of success cues in retrieval during posthypnotic amnesia. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 90:345–53. [FJE]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Podmore, F. (1963) From Mesmer to Christian Science. University Books. [KSB]Google Scholar
Puff, C. R., ed. (1979) Memory organization and structure. Academic Press. [taNPS]Google Scholar
Radtke, H. L. & Spanos, N. P. (1981a) Temporal sequencing during posthypnotic amnesia: A methodological critique, journal of Abnormal Psychology 90:476–85. [taNPS]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Radtke, H. L. & Spanos, N. P. (1981b) Was I hypnotized? A social psychological analysis of hypnotic depth reports. Psychiatry 44:359–76. [tarNPS]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Radtke, H. L., Spanos, N. P. & Bertrand, L. D. (1983) Serial organization during posthypnotic amnesia. Unpublished manuscript. University of Calgary. [taNPS]Google Scholar
Radtke, H. L., Spanos, N. P., Della Malva, C. L. & Stam, H. J. (1986) Temporal organization and hypnotic amnesia using a modification of the Harvard Group Scale of Hypnotic Susceptibility. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis 34:41–54. [taNPS]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Radtke-Bodorik, H. L., Planas, M. & Spanos, N. P. (1980) Suggested amnesia, verbal inhibition, and disorganized recall for a long word list. Canadian Journal of Behavioral Science 12:87–97. [taNPS]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rosenthal, R., ed. (1980) New directions for methodology of social and behavioral science: Quantitative assessment of research domains, no. 5. Jossey-Bass. [RR]Google Scholar
Rosenthal, R., ed. (1984) Meta-analytic procedures for social research. Sage. [RR]Google Scholar
Rosenthal, R. & Rubin, D. B. (1978) Interpersonal expectancy effects: The first 345 studies. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 3:377–86. [RR]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rosenthal, T. L. (1980) Social cueing processes. In: Progress in behavior modification, vol. 10, ed. Hersen, M., Eisler, R. M. & Miller, P.. Academic Press. [TLR]Google Scholar
Rosenthal, T. L. & Siegel, B. J. (1959) Magic and witchcraft: An interpretation from dissonance theory. Southwest Journal of Anthropology 15:143–67. [TLR]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
St. Jean, R. & Coe, W. C. (1981) Recall and recognition memory during posthypnotic amnesia: A failure to confirm the disrupted retrieval hypothesis and the memory disorganization hypothesis. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 90:231–41. [taNPS]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sachs, L. B. & Anderson, W. L. (1967) Modification of hypnotic susceptibility. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis 15:172–80. [rNPS]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sarbin, T. R. (1950) Contributions to role-taking theory: I. Hypnotic behavior. Psychological Review 57:255–70. [tarNPS, FJE, JFK, MTO]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sarbin, T. R. (1984) Nonvolition in hypnosis: A semiotic analysis. Psychological Record 34:537–49. [tarNPS]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sarbin, T. R. & Coe, W. C. (1972) Hypnosis: A social psychological analysis of influence communication. Holt, Rinehart, & Winston. [tarNPS, JOB, MTO, CP]Google Scholar
Sarbin, T. R. & Coe, W. C. (1979) Hypnosis and psychopathology: Replacing old myths with fresh metaphors. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 88:506–26. [taNPS]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sarbin, T. R. & Juhasz, J. B. (1978) The social psychology of hallucinations. Journal of Mental Imagery 2:117–44. [taNPS]Google Scholar
Schuyler, B. A. & Coe, W. C. (1981) A physiological investigation of volition and nonvolition experience during posthypnotic amnesia. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 40:1160–69. [taNPS, JFK]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schwartz, W. S. (1978) Time and context during hypnotic involvement. international Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis 26:307–16. [taNPS]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Schwartz, W. S. (1980) Hypnosis and episodic memory. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis 28:375–85. [taNPS]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Scott, D. S. & Leonard, C. F. Jr., (1978) Modification of pain threshold by covert reinforcement procedure and a cognitive strategy. Psychological Record 28:49–57. [taNPS]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sheehan, P. W. (1970) Analysis of the treatment effects of simulation instructions in the application of the real-simulating model of hypnosis. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 75:98–103. [taNPS]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sheehan, P. W. (1971) A methodological analysis of the simulating technique. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis 19:83–99. [taNPS]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sheehan, P. W. (1983) Hypnosis, compliance and belief by Graham F. Wagstaff. Bulletin of the British Society of Experimental and Clinical Hypnosis 6:39–43. [GFW]Google Scholar
Sheehan, P. W. & McConkey, K. M. (1982) Hypnosis and experience: The exploration of phenomena and process. Erlbaum Associates. [PWS]Google Scholar
Sheehan, P. W. & McConkey, K. M. (1982) Hypnosis and experience: The exploration of phenomena and process. Erlbaum Associates. [PWS]Google Scholar
Sheehan, P. W., Obstoj, I. & McConkey, K. M. (1976) Trance logic and cue structure as supplied by the hypnotist. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 85:459–72. [taNPS]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sheehan, P. W. & Perry, C. W. (1977) Methodologies of hypnosis. Erlbaum Associates. [taNPS, JFK]Google Scholar
Shor, R. E. (1959) Hypnosis and the concept of the generalized realityorientation. American Journal of Psychotherapy 13:582–602. [MTO]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Shor, R. E. (1979) The fundamental problem in hypnosis research as viewed from historic perspectives. In: Hypnosis: Developments in research and new perspectives, ed. Fromm, E. & Shor, R. E.. Aldine. [JFK]Google Scholar
Shor, R. E. & Orne, E. C. (1962) Harvard group scale of hypnotic susceptibility, form A. Consulting Psychologists Press. [taNPS]Google Scholar
Shor, R. E., Orne, M. T. & O'Connell, D. B. (1962) Validation and crossvalidation of a scale of self-reported personal experiences which predicts hypnotizability. Journal of Psychology 53:55–75. [DS]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shuell, T. J. (1969) Clustering and organization in free recall. Psychological Bulletin 72:353–74. [taNPS]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sigman, A., Phillips, K. C. & Clifford, B. (1985) British Journal of Experimental and Clinical Hypnosis 2:69–75. [PLNN]Google Scholar
Snyder, C. R., Higgins, R. L. & Stucky, R. J. (1983) Excuses: Masquerades in search of grace. Wiley. [rNPS]Google Scholar
Spanos, N. P. (1971) Goal-directed fantasy and the performance of hypnotic test suggestions. Psychiatry 34:86–96. [taNPS, MTO]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Spanos, N. P. (1981) Hypnotic responding: Automatic dissociation or situation relevant cognizing? In: Imagery: Concepts results and applications, ed. Klinger, E.. Plenum Press. [taNPS, DCT]Google Scholar
Spanos, N. P. (1982a) A social psychological approach to hypnotic behavior. In: Integration of clinical and social psychology, ed. Weary, G. & Mireis, H. L.. Oxford University Press. [tarNPS]Google Scholar
Spanos, N. P. (1982b) Hypnotic behavior: A cognitive social psychological perspective. Research Communications in Psychology, Psychiatry and behavior 7:199–213. [tarNPS]Google Scholar
Spanos, N. P. (1983) The hidden observer as an experimental creation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 44:170–76. [taNPS]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Spanos, N. P. (in press a) Hypnosis and the modification of hypnotic susceptibility: A social psychological analysis. In: What is hypnosis? ed. Naish, P.. Open University Press. [rNPS]Google Scholar
Spanos, N. P. (in press b) Hypnosis, nonvolitional responding and multiple personality: A social psychological perspective. In: Progress in experimental personality research 14, ed. Maher, B. & Maher, W.. Academic Press. [tarNPS]Google Scholar
Spanos, N. P. & Barber, T. X. (1968) “Hypnotic” experiences as inferred from subjective reports: Auditory and visual hallucinations. Journal of Experimental Research in Personality 3:136–50. [KSB]Google Scholar
Spanos, N. P. & Barber, T. X. (1973) A review of Orne's “hypnosis, motivation and the ecological validity of the psychological experiment.” American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis 16:138–41. [taNPS]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Spanos, N. P. & Barber, T. X. (1974) Toward a convergence in hypnosis research. American Psychologist 29:500–511. [rNPS, CP, DCT]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Spanos, N. P., Barber, T. X. & Lang, G. (1974) Cognition and self control: Cognitive control of painful sensory input. In: Thought and feeling: Cognitive alteration of feeling stress, ed. London, H. or Nisbett, R. E.. Aldine. [taNPS]Google Scholar
Spanos, N. P. & Bodorik, H. L. (1977) Suggested amnesia and disorganized recall in hypnotic and task-motivated subjects. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 86:295–305. [tarNPS, JFK]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Spanos, N. P., Bridgeman, M., Stam, H. J., Gwynn, M. & Saad, C. L. (1983) When seeing is not believing: The effect of contextual variables on the reports of hypnotic hallucaintors. Imagination, Cognition and Personality 3:195–209. [taNPS]Google Scholar
Spanos, N. P., Brown, J. M., Jones, B. & Horner, D. (1981) Cognitive activity and suggestions for analgesia in the reduction of reported pain. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 90:554–61. [taNPS]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Spanos, N. P., Churchill, N. & McPeake, J. D. (1976) Experiential responses to auditory and visual hallucination suggestions in hypnotic subjects. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 44:729–38. [taNPS]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Spanos, N. P., Cross, W. P., Menary, E. P., Brett, P. J. & de Groh, M. (1985) Attitudinal and imaginal ability predictors of social cognitive-skill training enhancements in hypnotic susceptibility. Unpublished manuscript, Carleton University. [rNPS]Google Scholar
Spanos, N. P. & de Groh, M. (1984) Effects of active and passive wording of inattention strategies on response to suggestions for complete and selective amnesia. Unpublished manuscript, Carleton University. [taNPS]Google Scholar
Spanos, N. P., de Groh, M. & de Groot, H. P. (in press) Skill training for enhancing hypnotic susceptibility and word list amnesia. British Journal of Experimental and Clinical Hypnosis. [tarNPS]Google Scholar
Spanos, N. P., de Groot, H. P. & Gwynn, M. I. (1985) “Trance logic” as incomplete responding. Unpublished manuscript, Carleton University. [taNPS]Google Scholar
Spanos, N. P., de Groot, H. P., Tiller, D. K., Weekes, J. R. & Bertrand, L. D. (1985) “Trance logic” duality and hidden observer responding in hypnotic, imagination control, and simulating subjects. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 94:611–23. [taNPS, CP]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Spanos, N. P., Della Malva, L., Gwynn, M. I. & Bertrand, L. D. (1985) Contextual demands and posthypnotic source amnesia. Unpublished manuscript, Carleton University. [taNPS]Google Scholar
Spanos, N. P. & D'Eon, J. L. (1980) Hypnotic amnesia, disorganized recall and inattention. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 89:744–50. [taNPS]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Spanos, N. P. & Gorassini, D. R. (1984) Structure of hypnotic test suggestions and attributions of responding involuntarily. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 46:688–96. [rNPS]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Spanos, N. P., Gwynn, M. I. & Stam, H. J. (1983) Instructional demands and ratings of overt and hidden pain during hypnotic analgesia. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 92:479–88. [tarNPS]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Spanos, N. P., Ham, M. W. & Barber, T. X. (1973) Suggested (“hypnotic”) visual hallucinations: Experimental and phenomenological data. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 81:96–106. [taNPS]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Spanos, N. P. & Hewitt, E. C. (1980) The hidden observer in hypnotic analgesia: Discovery or experimental creation? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 39:1201–14. [taNPS]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Spanos, N. P., Hodgins, D. C., Stam, H. J. & Gwynn, M. I. (1984) Suffering for science: The effects of implicit social demands on response to experimentally induced pain. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 46:1162–72. [taNPS]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Spanos, N. P., Kennedy, S. K. & Gwynn, M. I. (1984) The moderating effect of contextual variables on the relationship between hypnotic susceptibility and suggested analgesia. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 93:282–94. [tarNPS]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Spanos, N. P., McLean, J. M. & Bertrand, L. D. (1986) Serial organization under two conditions of item presentation. Unpublished manuscript, Carleton University. [rNPS]Google Scholar
Spanos, N. P., McNeil, C., Gwynn, M. I. & Stam, H. J. (1984) The effects of suggestion and distraction on reported pain in subjects high and low on hypnotic susceptibility. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 93:277–84. [taNPS]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Spanos, N. P., Mullens, D. & Rivers, S. M. (1979) The effects of suggestion structure and hypnotic vs. task-motivation instructions on response to hallucination suggestions. Journal of Research in Personality 13:59–70. [taNPS]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Spanos, N. P., Ollerhead, V. G. & Gwynn, M. I. (in press) The effects of three instructional treatments on pain magnitude and pain tolerance: Implications for theories of hypnotic analgesia, Imagination, Cognition and Personality. [taNPS]Google Scholar
Spanos, N. P. & Radtke, H. L. (1981) Hypnotic visual hallucinations as imaginings: A cognitive-social psychological perspective. Imagination, Cognition and Personality 1:147–70. [taNPS]Google Scholar
Spanos, N. P. & Radtke, H. L. (1982) Hypnotic amnesia as a strategic enactment: A cognitive, social-psychological perspective. Research Communications in Psychology, Psychiatry and Behavior 7:215–31. [taNPS]Google Scholar
Spanos, N. P., Radtke, H. L. & Bertrand, L. D. (1984) Hypnotic amnesia as a strategic enactment: The successful breaching of hypnotic amnesia in high susceptible subjects. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 47:1155–69. [tarNPS]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Spanos, N. P., Radtke, H. L. & Dubreuil, D. L. (1982) Episodic and semantic memory in posthypnotic amnesia: A reevaluation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 43:565–73. [tarNPS, JFK]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Spanos, N. P., Radtke, H. L., Hodgins, D. C., Bertrand, L. D., Stam, H. J. & Moretti, P. (1983) The Carleton University Responsiveness to Suggestion Scale: Relationships with other measures of susceptibility, expectancies, and absorption. Psychological Reports 53:723–34. [rNPS, CP]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Spanos, N. P., Radtke, H. L., Hodgins, D. C., Stam, H. J. & Bertrand, L. D. (1983) The Carleton University Responsiveness to Suggestion Scale: Normative data and Psychometric properties. Psychological Reports 53:523–35. [rNPS, KSB, PGB]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Spanos, N. P. & Radtke-Bodorik, H. L. (1980) Integrating hypnotic phenomena with cognitive psychology: An illustration using suggested amnesia. Bulletin of British Society of Experimental and Clinical Hypnosis 3:4–7. [KSB]Google Scholar
Spanos, N. P., Radtke-Bodorik, H. L., Ferguson, J. D. & Jones, B. (1979) The effects of hypnotic susceptibility, suggestions for analgesia and the utilization of cognitive strategies on the reduction of pain. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 88:282–92. [taNPS, KSB]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Spanos, N. P., Radtke-Bodorik, H. L. & Shabinsky, M. A. (1980) Amnesia, subjective organization and learning of a list of unrelated words in hypnotic and task-motivated subjects. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis 28:126–39. [taNPS]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Spanos, N. P., Radtke-Bodorik, H. L. & Stam, H. J. (1980) Disorganized recall during suggested amnesia: Fact not artifact. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 89:1–19. [taNPS, JFK]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Spanos, N. P., Robertson, L. A., Menary, E. P., Brett, P. J. (in press) A component analysis of cognitive skill training for the enhancement of hypnotic susceptibility. Journal of Abnormal Psychology. [rNPS]Google Scholar
Spanos, N. P., Robertson, L. A., Menary, E. P., Brett, P. J. & Smith, J. (1986) Effects of repeated baseline testing on cognitive skill training induced increments in hypnotic susceptibility. Unpublished manuscript, Carleton University. [rNPS]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Spanos, N. P., Salas, J., Menary, E. P. & Brett, P. H. (1986) A comparison of overt and subjective responses to the Carleton University Responsiveness to Suggestion Scale and the Stanford Hypnotic Susceptibility Scale under conditions of group administration. Psychological Reports 58:847–56. [rNPS]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Spanos, N. P., Stam, H. J. & Brazil, K. (1981) The effects of suggestion and distraction on coping ideation and reported pain. Journal of Mental Imagery 5:75–90. [taNPS]Google Scholar
Spanos, N. P., Stam, H. J., D'Eon, J. L., Pawlak, A. E. & Radtke-Bodorik, H. L. (1980) The effects of social psychological variables on hypnotic amnesia. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 39:737–50. [taNPS, JFK]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Spanos, N. P., Tkachyk, M., Bertrand, L. D. & Weekes, J. R. (1984) The dissipation hypothesis of hypnotic amnesia: More disconfirming evidence. Psychological Reports 55:191–96. [taNPS, KRG, JFK]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Spanos, N. P., Voorneveld, P. & Gwynn, M. I. (in press) The mediating effect of expectation on hypnotic and nonhypnotic pain reduction. Imagination, Cognition and Personality. [taNPS]Google Scholar
Spiegel, D., Cutcomb, S., Ren, C. & Pribram, K. (1985) Hypnotic hallucination alters evoked potentials. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 94:249–55. [rNPS, DS]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Spiegel, H. & Spiegel, D. (1978) Trance and treatment: Clinical uses of hypnosis. Basic Books. [rNPS, DS, EAW]Google Scholar
Springer, C. J., Sachs, L. B. & Morrow, J. E. (1977) Group methods of increasing hypnotic susceptibility. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis 25:184–91. [tarNPS]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Stacher, G., Schuster, P., Bauer, P., Lahoda, R. & Schulze, D. (1975) Effects of relaxation or analgesia on pain threshold and pain tolerance in the waking and hypnotic state. Journal of Psychosomatic Research 19:259–65. [taNPS]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Stam, H. J., McGrath, P. A. & Brooke, R. I. (1984) The effects of a cognitive-behavioral treatment program on temporo-mandibular pain and dysfunction syndrome. Psychosomatic Medicine 46:534–45. [rNPS]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Stam, H. J. & Spanos, N. P. (1980) Experimental designs, expectancy effects and hypnotic analgesia. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 89:751–62. [taNPS, KRG, DS]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Stam, H. J. & Spanos, N. P. (1985) The effects of hypnotic and placebo analgesia on ischemic pain. Unpublished manuscript, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta. [rNPS]Google Scholar
Stanley, S. M., Lynn, S. J. & Nash, M. R. (1986). Trance logic susceptibility screening, and the transparency response. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 50:447–54. [taNPS]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sternberg, R. J. & Tulving, E. (1977) The measurement of subjective organization in free recall. Psychological Bulletin 84:539–56. [taNPS]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sutcliffe, J. P. (1961) “Credulous” and “skeptical” views of hypnotic phenomena: Experiments in esthesia, hallucination, and delusion. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology 62:189–200. [CP, RSt.J, rNPS, DCT]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tellegen, A. & Atkinson, G. (1974) Openness to absorping and self-altering experiences (“absorption”), a trait related to hypnotic susceptibility. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 83:268–77. [MTO, DS, EAW]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thelen, M. H. & Fry, R. A. (1981) The effects of modeling and selective attention on pain tolerance. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry 12:225–29. [taNPS]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tinterow, M. M. (1970) Foundations of hypnosis. Thomas. [KSB]Google Scholar
Tkachyk, M., Spanos, N. P. & Bertrand, L. D. (1985) Variables affecting subjective organization during posthypnotic amnesia. Journal of Research in Personality 19:95–108. [taNPS]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tulving, E. (1962) Subjective organization in free recall of unrelated words. Psychological Review 69:344–54. [taNPS]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tulving, E. (1972) Episodic and semantic memory. In: Organization of memory, ed. Tulving, E. & Donaldson, W.. Academic Press. [taNPS]Google Scholar
Tulving, E. (1983) Elements of episodic memory. Oxford University Press. [JFK]Google Scholar
Tulving, E. (1984) Précis of Elements of episodic memory. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 7:223–38. [JFK]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Turk, D. C. (1977) A coping skills-training approach for the control of experimentally produced pain. Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, University of Waterloo. [taNPS]Google Scholar
Turk, D. C. & Genest, M. (1979) Regulation of pain; The application of cognitive und behavioral techniques for prevention and remediation. In: Cognitive-behavioral interventions: Theory, research, and procedures, ed. Kendall, P. C. & Hollon, S. D.. Academic Press. [DCT]Google Scholar
Turk, D. C., Meichenbaum, D. & Genest, M. (1983) Pain and behavioral medicine: A cognitive-behavioral perspective. Guilford Press. [tarNPS, DCT]Google Scholar
Underwood, G. (1976) Attention and memory. Pergamon Press. [GU]Google Scholar
Wadden, T. A. & Anderton, C. H. (1982) The clinical use of hypnosis. Psychological Bulletin 91:215–43. [KSB]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wagstaff, G. F. (1977) An experimental study of compliance and posthypnotic amnesia. British Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology 16:225–28. [taNPS]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wagstaff, G. F. (1981) Hypnosis, compliance and belief. Harvester and St. Martin's Press. [tarNPS, PLNN, GFW]Google Scholar
Wagstaff, G. F. (1982) A comment on Gibbons' “Hypnosis as a trance state: The future of a shared delusion.” Bulletin of the British Society of Experimental and Clinical Hypnosis 5:5–7. [PLNN]Google Scholar
Wagstaff, G. F. (1983) A Comment on McConkey's “Challenging hypnotic effects: The impact of conflicting influences on response to hypnotic suggestion.” British Journal of Experimental and Clinical Hypnosis 1:11–15. [GFW]Google Scholar
Wagstaff, G. F. (1985) A comment on “Attentional concomitants by hypnotic susceptibility” by A. Sigman, K. C. Philips and B. Clifford. British Journal of Experimental and Clinical Hypnosis 2:2, 76–80. [GFW]Google Scholar
Wagstaff, G. F. (in press) Hypnosis as compliance and belief: A socio-cognitive view. In: What is hypnosis? ed. Naish, P.. Open University Press. [GFW]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Weitzenhoffer, A. M. (1980) Hypnotic susceptibility revisited. American journal of Clinical Hypnosis 22:130–46. [WEE, RSt.J]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Weitzenhoffer, A. M. & Hilgard, E. R. (1962) Stanford Scale of Hypnotic Susceptibility, Form C. Consulting Psychologists Press. [KSB]Google Scholar
White, L., Tursky, B. & Schwartz, G. E. (1985) Placebo: Theory, research, and mechanisms. Guilford Press.[RR]Google Scholar
White, R. W. (1941) A preface to the theory of hypnotism. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology 36:477–505. [JFK]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Williamsen, J. A., Johnson, H. J. & Ericksen, C. W. (1965) Some characteristics of post-hypnotic amnesia. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 70:123–31. [taNPS]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wilson, D. L. (1967) The role of confirmation of expectancies in hypnotic induction. Dissertation Abstracts 28:2787–B (University Microfilms No. 66–6781). [IK]Google Scholar
Wilson, S. C. & Barber, T. X. (1983) The fantasy-prone personality: Implications for understanding imagery, hypnosis and parapsychological phenomena. In: Imagery: Current theory, research, and application, ed. Sheikh, Anees A.. Wiley. [CP]Google Scholar
Worthington, E. L. (1978) The effects of imagery content, choice of imagery context and self-verbalization on the self-control of pain. Cognitive Theory and Research 2:225–40. [taNPS]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zamansky, H. S. (1977) Suggestion and countersuggestion in hypnotic behaviour. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 86:346–51. [CFW]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zamansky, H. S. & Bartis, S. P. (1985) The dissociation of an experience: The hidden observer observed. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 94:243–8. [rNPS]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Zimbardo, P. G., Cohen, A., Weisenberg, M., Dworkin, L. & Firestone, I. (1969) The control of experimental pain. In: The cognitive control of motivation, ed. Zimbardo, P. G.. Scott-Foresman. [rNPS, NB]Google Scholar