No CrossRef data available.
Article contents
The mirror system hypothesis stands but the framework is much enriched
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 12 August 2005
Abstract:
Challenges for extending the mirror system hypothesis include mechanisms supporting planning, conversation, motivation, theory of mind, and prosody. Modeling remains relevant. Co-speech gestures show how manual gesture and speech intertwine, but more attention is needed to the auditory system and phonology. The holophrastic view of protolanguage is debated, along with semantics and the cultural basis of grammars. Anatomically separated regions may share an evolutionary history.
- Type
- Author’s Response
- Information
- Copyright
- Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2005
References
Aboitiz, F. & García, V. R. (1997) The evolutionary origin of the language areas in the human brain. A neuroanatomical perspective. Brain Research Reviews 25:381–96. [arMAA, CB]Google Scholar
Aboitiz, F., García, R., Brunetti, E. & Bosman, C. (in press) The origin of Broca's area and its connections from an ancestral working memory network. In: Broca's area, ed. Amunts, K. & Grodzinsky, Y.. Oxford University Press. [CB]Google Scholar
Acardi, A. C. (2003) Is gestural communication more sophisticated than vocal communication in wild chimpanzees? Behavioral and Brain Sciences 26:210–11. [CB]Google Scholar
Adolphs, R., Damasio, H. & Tranel, D. (2002) Neural systems for recognition of emotional prosody: A 3-D lesion study. Emotion 2:23–51. [BK]Google Scholar
Aikhenvald, A. Y. & Dixon, R. M. W. (2002) Areal diffusion and genetic inheritance. Oxford University Press. [rMAA]Google Scholar
Albert, M. L., Goodglass, H., Helm, N. A., Rubens, A. B. & Alexander, M. P. (1981) Clinical aspects of dysphagia. Springer-Verlag. [AMB]Google Scholar
Alissandrakis, A., Nehaniv, C. L. & Dautenhahn, K. (2002) Imitation with ALICE: Learning to imitate corresponding actions across dissimilar embodiments. IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part A 32(4):482–96. [BI]Google Scholar
American Psychiatric Association (1994) Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 4th edition. American Psychiatric Association. [HT]Google Scholar
Arbib, M. A. (1981) Perceptual structures and distributed motor control. In: Handbook of physiology, section 2: The nervous system, vol. II: Motor control, part 1, ed. Brooks, V. B., pp. 1449–80. American Physiological Society. [aMAA]Google Scholar
Arbib, M. A. (2001a) Co-evolution of human consciousness and language. In: Cajal and consciousness: Scientific approaches to consciousness on the centennial of Ramón y Cajal's textura, ed. Pedro C. Marijuan. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 929:195–220. [arMAA]Google Scholar
Arbib, M. A. (2001b) Computational models of monkey mechanisms for the control of grasping: Grounding the mirror system hypothesis for the evolution of the language-ready brain. In: Simulating the evolution of language, ed. Cangelosi, A. & Parisi, D.. Springer-Verlag. [aMAA]Google Scholar
Arbib, M. A. (2002) The mirror system, imitation, and the evolution of language. In: Imitation in animals and artifacts, ed. Nehaniv, C. & Dautenhahn, K., pp. 229–80. MIT Press. [aMAA]Google Scholar
Arbib, M. A. (2003) Schema theory. In: The handbook of brain theory and neural networks, 2nd edition, ed. Arbib, M. A., pp. 993–98. A Bradford Book/MIT Press. [aMAA]Google Scholar
Arbib, M. A. (2004) How far is language beyond our grasp? A response to Hurford. In: Evolution of communication systems: A comparative approach, ed. Oller, D. K. & Griebel, U., pp. 315–21, MIT Press. [aMAA]Google Scholar
Arbib, M. A. (2005) Interweaving protosign and protospeech: Further developments beyond the mirror. Interaction Studies: Social Behaviour and Communication in Biological and Artificial Systems 6:145–71. [arMAA, PFM]Google Scholar
Arbib, M. A. (2005) (in press) A sentence is to speech as what is to action? [A Contribution to the Special Issue on Integrative Models of Brocas Area and the Ventral Premotor Cortex]. Cortex: A Journal Devoted to the Study of the Nervous System and Behavior. [rMAA]Google Scholar
Arbib, M. A. & Bota, M. (2003) Language evolution: Neural homologies and neuroinformatics. Neural Networks 16:1237–60. [arMAA, CB]Google Scholar
Arbib, M. A. & Hesse, M. B. (1986) The construction of reality. Cambridge University Press. [rMAA]Google Scholar
Arbib, M. A. & Rizzolatti, G. (1997) Neural expectations: A possible evolutionary path from manual skills to language. Communication and Cognition 29:393–423. [arMAA, PFM]Google Scholar
Arbib, M. A., Billard, A., Iacoboni, M. & Oztop, E. (2000) Synthetic brain imaging: Grasping, mirror neurons and imitation. Neural Networks 13:975–97. [rMAA]Google Scholar
Arbib, M. A., Bischoff, A., Fagg, A. H. & Grafton, S. T. (1994) Synthetic PET: Analyzing large-scale properties of neural networks. Human Brain Mapping 2:225–33. [rMAA]Google Scholar
Arbib, M. A., Caplan, D. & Marshall, J. C., eds. (1982) Neural models of language processes. Academic Press. [rMAA]Google Scholar
Arbib, M. A., Conklin, E. J. & Hill, J. C. (1987) From schema theory to language. Oxford University Press. [rMAA]Google Scholar
Arbib, M. A., Érdi, P. & Szentágothai, J. (1998) Neural organization: Structure, function, and dynamics. MIT Press. [rMAA]Google Scholar
Arbib, M. A., Fagg, A. H. & Grafton, S. T. (2003) Synthetic PET imaging for grasping: From primate neurophysiology to human behavior. In: Exploratory analysis and data modeling in functional neuroimaging, ed. Sommer, F. T. & Wichert, A., pp. 232–50. MIT Press. [rMAA]Google Scholar
Arbib, M. A., Oztop, E. & Zukow-Goldring, P. (in press) Language and the mirrow system: A perception/action based approach to communicative development. Cognitie Creier Comportament/Cognitive Brain Behavior [aMAA]Google Scholar
Armstrong, D. F., Stokoe, W. C. & Wilcox, S. E. (1995) Gesture and the nature of language. Cambridge University Press. [aMAA, DM]Google Scholar
Atran, S. & Norenzayan, A. (2004) Religion's evolutionary landscape: Counterintuition, commitment, compassion, and communion. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 27(6):713–30. [HF]Google Scholar
Avikainen, S., Wohlschläger, A., Liuhanen, S., Hanninen, R. & Hari, R. (2003) Impaired mirror-image imitation in Asperger and high-functioning autistic subjects. Current Biology 13:339–41. [HT]Google Scholar
Aziz-Zadeh, L., Iacoboni, M., Zaidel, E., Wilson, S. & Mazziotta, J. (2004) Left hemisphere motor facilitation in response to manual action sounds. European Journal of Neuroscience 19(9):2609–12. [JTK]Google Scholar
Aziz-Zadeh, L., Maeda, F., Zaidel, E., Mazziotta, J. & Iacoboni, M. (2002) Lateralization in motor facilitation during action observation: A TMS study. Experimental Brain Research 144(1):127–31. [JTK]Google Scholar
Ballard, D. H., Hayhoe, M. M., Pook, P. K. & Rao, R. P. N. (1997) Deictic codes for the embodiment of cognition. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 20:1311–28. [CY]Google Scholar
Barkow, J. H. (1989) Darwin, sex and status: Biological approaches to mind and culture. University of Toronto Press. [HF]Google Scholar
Baron-Cohen, S. (2002) I am loved, therefore I think. Book review of The cradle of thought by Hobson, R. P.. Nature 416:791–92. [HT]Google Scholar
Barrett, A. M., Crucian, G. P., Raymer, A. M. & Heilman, K. M. (1999) Spared comprehension of emotional prosody in a patient with global aphasia. Neuropsychiatry, Neuropsychology, and Behavioral Neurology 12:117–20. [AMB]Google Scholar
Barrett, A. M., Dore, L. S., Hansell, K. A. & Heilman, K. M. (2002) Speaking while gesturing: The relationship between spontaneous speech and limb praxis. Neurology 58:499–500. [AMB]Google Scholar
Barrett, A. M., Schwartz, R. L., Raymer, A. L., Crucian, G. P., Rothi, L. J. G. & Heilman, K. M. (1998) Dyssynchronous apraxia: Failure to combine simultaneous preprogrammed movements. Cognitive Neuropsychology 15:685–703. [AMB]Google Scholar
Bass, A. H. & Baker, R. (1997) Phenotypic specification of hindbrain rhombomeres and the origins of rhythmic circuits in vertebrates. Brain Behavior and Evolution 50(Suppl.1):3–16. [EG]Google Scholar
Bass, A. H. & McKibben, J. R. (2003) Neural mechanisms and behaviors for acoustic communication in teleost fish. Progress in Neurobiology 69:1–26. [EG]Google Scholar
Bauer, G. & Johnson, C. M. (1994) Trained motor imitation by bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus). Perceptual and Motor Skills 79:1307–15. [BI]Google Scholar
Bergen, B. K. (2001) Nativization processes in L1 Esperanto. Journal of Child Language 28:575–95. [AW]Google Scholar
Bergman, T., Beehner, J., Cheney, D. L. & Seyfarth, R. M. (2003) Hierarchical classification by rank and kinship in baboons. Science 302:1234–36. [RMS]Google Scholar
Bickerton, D. (1995) Language and human behavior. University of Washington Press. [aMAA, HF, WTF]Google Scholar
Bickerton, D. (1996) Language and human behaviour, second edition. University College London Press. [AW]Google Scholar
Bickerton, D. (2003) Symbol and structure: A comprehensive framework for language evolution. In: Language evolution, ed. Christiansen, M. H. & Kirby, S., pp. 77–93. Oxford University Press. [DB, WTF]Google Scholar
Billard, A. (2000) Learning motor skills by imitation: A biologically inspired robotic model. Cybernetics & Systems 32:155–93. [EB]Google Scholar
Binder, J. R., Liebenthal, E., Possing, E. T., Medler, D. A. & Ward, B. D. (2004) Neural correlates of sensory and decision processes in auditory object identification. Nature Neuroscience 7:295–301. [JPR]Google Scholar
Binkofski, F., Buccino, G., Stephan, K. M., Rizzolatti, G., Seitz, R. J. & Freund, H.-J. (1999) A parieto-premotor network for object manipulation: Evidence from neuroimaging. Experimental Brain Research 128:210–13. [aMAA]Google Scholar
Bischoff-Grethe, A., Crowley, M. G. & Arbib, M. A. (2003) Movement inhibition and next sensory state prediction in basal ganglia. In: The basal ganglia, vol. VI, ed. Graybiel, A. M., Delong, M. R., & Kitai, S. T., pp. 267–77. Kluwer/ Plenum. [aMAA]Google Scholar
Blumenthal, A., ed. and trans. (1970) Language and psychology: Historical aspects of psycholinguistics. John Wiley. [DM]Google Scholar
Boesch, C. & Boesch, H. (1983) Optimization of nut-cracking with natural hammers by wild chimpanzees. Behavior 83:265–86. [arMAA]Google Scholar
Bookheimer, S. (2002) Functional MRI of language: New approaches to understanding the cortical organization of semantic processing. Annual Review of Neuroscience 25:151–88. [JPR]Google Scholar
Borenstein, E. & Ruppin, E. (2004) Evolving imitating agents and the emergence of a neural mirror system. In: Artificial Life IX: Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on the Simulation and Synthesis of Living Systems, ed. Pollack, J., Bedau, M., Husbands, P., Ikegami, T. & Watson, R. A.. MIT Press. [EB]Google Scholar
Borenstein, E. & Ruppin, E. (2005) The evolution of imitation and mirror neurons in adaptive agents. Cognitive Systems Research (Special issue on Epigenetic Robotics) 6(3):229–42. [EB]Google Scholar
Borghi, A. M., Di Ferdinando, A. & Parisi, D. (2002) The role of perception and action in object categorization. In: Connectionist models of cognition and perception, ed. Bullinaria, J. A. & Lowe, W., pp. 40–50. World Scientific. [DP]Google Scholar
Borghi, A. M., Di Ferdinando, A. & Parisi, D. (2002) (submitted) Objects, spatial compatibility and affordances: A connectionist study. [DP]Google Scholar
Borghi, A. M., Glenberg, A. M. & Kaschak, M. P. (2004) Putting words in perspective. Memory and Cognition 32:863–73. [rMAA, DP]Google Scholar
Borghi, A. M., Parisi, D. & Di Ferdinando, A. (2005) Action and hierarchical level of categories: A connectionist perspective. Cognitive Systems Research 6:99–110. [DP]Google Scholar
Bosman, C., García, R. & Aboitiz, F. (2004) FOXP2 and the language working memory system. Trends in Cognitive Sciences 8:251–52. [CB]Google Scholar
Bostanov, V. & Kotchoubey, B. (2004) Recognition of affective prosody: Continuous wavelet measures of event-related brain potentials to emotional exclamations. Psychophysiology 41:259–68. [BK]Google Scholar
Boyer, P. (1994) The naturalness of religious ideas: A cognitive theory of religion. University of California Press. [HF]Google Scholar
Brauth, S. E., Liang, W. & Roberts, T. F. (2001) Projections of the oval nucleus of the hyperstriatum ventrale in the budgerigar: Relationships with the auditory system. Journal of Comparative Neurology 432:481–511. [IMP]Google Scholar
Breazeal, C., Buchsbaum, D., Gray, J., Gatenby, D. & Blumberg, B. (2005) Learning from and about others: Towards using imitation to bootstrap the social understanding of others by robots. Artificial life 11(1–2):31–62. [BI]Google Scholar
Bridgeman, B. (1992) On the evolution of consciousness and language. Psycoloquy 3(15) Consciousness (1). Refereed electronic journal, available at: http://www.cogsci.ecs.soton.ac.uk/cgi/psyc/newpsy?3.15. [BB]Google Scholar
Bridgeman, B. (1999) Separate representations of visual space for perception and visually guided behavior. In: Cognitive contributions to the perception of spatial and temporal events, ed. Aschersleben, G., Bachmann, T. & Müsseler, J., pp. 3–13. Elsevier Science. [rMAA]Google Scholar
Bridgeman, B., Peery, S. & Anand, S. (1997) Interaction of cognitive and sensorimotor maps of visual space. Perception & Psychophysics 59:456–69. [rMAA]Google Scholar
Briscoe, T., ed. (2002) Linguistic evolution through language acquisition: Formal and computational models. Cambridge University Press. [rMAA]Google Scholar
Brown, R., Hobson, R. P., Lee, A. & Stevenson, J. (1997) Are there “autistic-like” features in congenitally blind children? Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 38:693–703. [HT]Google Scholar
Burgess, N., Jeffery, K. F. & O’Keefe, J., eds. (1999) The hippocampal and parietal foundations of spatial cognition. Oxford University Press. [aMAA]Google Scholar
Butler, A. B. & Hodos, W. (1996) Comparative vertebrate neuroanatomy: Evolution and adaptation. Wiley. [rMAA]Google Scholar
Byrne, R. W. (2003) Imitation as behaviour parsing. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B 358:529–36. [aMAA]Google Scholar
Byrne, R. W. & Russon, A. E. (1998) Learning by imitation: A hierarchical approach. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 21(5):667–84. [JHGW]Google Scholar
Byrne, R. W. & Whiten, A. (1988) Machiavellian intelligence: Social expertise and the evolution of intellect in monkeys, apes and humans. Oxford University Press. [JHGW]Google Scholar
Caldwell, C.A. & Whiten, A. (2002) Evolutionary perspectives on imitation: Is a comparative psychology of social learning possible? Animal Cognition 5(4):193–208. [BI]Google Scholar
Cangelosi, A. & Parisi, D., eds. (2002) Simulating the evolution of language. Springer. [rMAA, DP]Google Scholar
Carey, D. P., Perrett, D. I. & Oram, M. W. (1997) Recognizing, understanding, and producing action. In: Handbook of neuropsychology: Action and cognition, vol. 11, ed. Jeannerod, M. & Grafman, J., pp. 111–130. Elsevier. [aMAA]Google Scholar
Carr, L., Iacoboni, M., Dubeau, M.-C., Mazziotta, J. C. & Lenzi, G. L. (2003) Neural mechanisms of empathy in humans: A relay from neural systems for imitation to limbic areas. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 100(9):5497–502. [rMAA]Google Scholar
Carruthers, P. & Boucher, J. (1998) Introduction: Opening up options. In: Language and thought: Interdisciplinary themes, ed. Carruthers, P. & Boucher, J., pp. 1–18. Cambridge University Press. [HF]Google Scholar
Casey, S. K. (2003) “Agreement” in gestures and signed languages: The use of directionality to indicate referents involved in actions. Ph.D. Dissertation in Linguistics, University of California at San Diego. [aMAA]Google Scholar
Cavada, C. & Goldman-Rakic, P. S. (1989) Posterior parietal cortex in rhesus monkey: II. Evidence for segregated corticocortical networks linking sensory and limbic areas with the frontal lobe. Journal of Comparative Neurology 287:422–45. [aMAA]Google Scholar
Cavalli-Sforza, L. (1996) Geni, popoli e lingue. Adelphi. (German edition: Gene, Völker und Sprachen, trans. Memmert, G.. Carl Hanser Verlag). [BK]Google Scholar
Cavalli-Sforza, L. & Feldman, M. (1981) Cultural transmission and evolution. Princeton University Press. [BK]Google Scholar
Cavalli-Sforza, L., Menozzi, P. & Piazza, A. (1996) The history and geography of human genes. (Abridged paperback edition). Princeton University Press. [rMAA]Google Scholar
Chao, L. L. & Martin, A. (2000) Representation of manipulable man-made objects in the dorsal stream. Neuroimage 12:478–84. [rMAA]Google Scholar
Cheney, D. L. & Seyfarth, R. M. (1982) How vervet monkeys perceive their grunts: Field playback experiments. Animal Behaviour 30:739–51. [RMS]Google Scholar
Cheney, D. L. & Seyfarth, R. M. (1988) Assessment of meaning and the detection of unreliable signals in vervet monkeys. Animal Behaviour 36:477–86. [RMS]Google Scholar
Cheney, D. L. & Seyfarth, R. M. (1990) How monkeys see the world: Inside the mind of another species. University of Chicago Press. [RMS]Google Scholar
Cheney, D. L. & Seyfarth, R. M. (1998) Why monkeys don't have language. The Tanner Lectures on Human Values 19:175–219. [RMS]Google Scholar
Cheney, D. L. & Seyfarth, R. M. (1998) (in press) Constraints and preadaptations in the earliest stages of language evolution. Linguistic Review. [rMAA, RMS]Google Scholar
Choe, Y. & Bhamidipati, S. K. (2004) Autonomous acquisition of the meaning of sensory states through sensory-invariance driven action. In: Biologically inspired approaches to advanced information technology, ed. Ijspeert, A. J. & Murata, M.. Springer. [rMAA]Google Scholar
Chomsky, C. (1969) The acquisition of syntax in children from 5 to 10. MIT Press. [aMAA]Google Scholar
Clark, A. (1999) An embodied cognitive science? Trends in Cognitive Sciences 3:345–51. [rMAA]Google Scholar
Clayton, N. S., Bussey, T. J. & Dickinson, A. (2003) Can animals recall the past and plan for the future? Nature Reviews Neuroscience 4:685–91. [IMP]Google Scholar
Clegg, M. & Aiello, L. C. (2000) Paying the price of speech? An analysis of mortality statistics for choking on food. American Journal of Physical Anthropology (Supplement) 30:126. [rMAA]Google Scholar
Cole, J., Gallagher, S. & McNeill, D. (2002) Gesture following deafferentation: A phenomenologically informed experimental study. Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences 1:49–67. [DM]Google Scholar
Corballis, M. C. (2002). From hand to mouth: The origins of language. Princeton University Press. [rMAA, KE, DM]Google Scholar
Corballis, M. C. (2003a) From mouth to hand: Gesture, speech, and the evolution of righthandedness. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 26(2):199–260. [rMAA, CB, PFM]Google Scholar
Corballis, M. C. (2003b) Laterality and human speciation. In: Speciation of modern Homo sapiens, ed. Crow, T. J.. Proceedings of the British Academy 106:137–52. [aMAA]Google Scholar
Corballis, M. C. (2004) FOXP2 and the mirror system. Trends in Cognitive Sciences 8:95–96. [rMAA, HT]Google Scholar
Corina, D. P., Poizner, H., Bellugi, U., Feinberg, T., Dowd, D. & O’Grady-Batch, L. (1992a) Dissociation between linguistic and nonlinguistic gestural systems: A case for compositionality. Brain and Language 43(3):414–47. [arMAA]Google Scholar
Corina, D. P., Vaid, J. & Bellugi, U. (1992b) The linguistic basis of left hemisphere specialization. Science 255:1258–60. [aMAA]Google Scholar
Corina, D. P., Jose-Robertson, L. S., Guillemin, A. High, J. & Braun, A. R. (2003) Language lateralization in a bimanual language. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 15(5):718–30. [aMAA]Google Scholar
Coulmas, F. (2003) Writing systems: An introduction to their linguistic analysis. Cambridge University Press. [aMAA]Google Scholar
Croft, W. (2001) Radical construction grammar: Syntactic theory in typological perspective. Oxford University Press. [rMAA]Google Scholar
Crow, T. J. (2002a) Sexual selection, timing and an X-Y homologous gene: Did Homo sapiens speciate on the Y chromosome? In: The speciation of modern Homo sapiens, ed. Crow, T. J., pp. 197–216. Oxford University Press. [aMAA]Google Scholar
Crow, T. J. (2002b) The speciation of modern Homo sapiens. Oxford University Press. [HF]Google Scholar
Culham, J. C., Danckert, S. L., DeSouza, J. F. X., Gati, J. S., Menon, R. S. & Goodale, M. A. (2003) Visually guided grasping produces fMRI activation in dorsal but not ventral stream brain areas. Experimental Brain Research 153:180–89. [aMAA]Google Scholar
Damasio, A. (1999) The feeling of what happens: Body and emotion in the making of consciousness. Harcourt Brace. [HF]Google Scholar
D’Andrade, R. D. (1987) A folk model of the mind. In: Cultural models in language and thought, ed. Holland, D. & Quinn, N., pp. 112–48. Cambridge University Press. [HF]Google Scholar
Darwin, C. (1871) The descent of man and selection in relation to sex. John Murray. [WTF]Google Scholar
Darwin, C. (1872/1965) The expression of the emotions in man and animals. University of Chicago Press. [aMAA]Google Scholar
Dave, A. S. & Margoliash, D. (2000) Song replay during sleep and computational rules for sensorimotor vocal learning. Science 290:812–16. [IMP]Google Scholar
Deacon, T. W. (1989) The neural circuitry underlying primate calls and human language. Human Evolution 4:367–401. [EG]Google Scholar
Deacon, T. W. (1997) The symbolic species: The co-evolution of language and the brain. W. W. Norton. [aMAA, DB, HF]Google Scholar
Decety, J., Grezes, J., Costes, N., Perani, D., Jeannerod, M., Procyk, E., Grassi, F. & Fazio, F. (1997) Brain activity during observation of actions: Influence of action content and subject's strategy. Brain 120:1763–77. [aMAA]Google Scholar
Demiris, Y. & Hayes, G. (2002) Imitation as a dual-route process featuring predictive and learning components: A biologically plausible computational model. In: Imitation in animals and artifacts, ed. Dautenhahn, K. & Nehaniv, C.. MIT Press. [EB]Google Scholar
Demiris, Y. & Johnson, M. (2003) Distributed, predictive perception of actions: A biologically inspired robotics architecture for imitation and learning. Connection Science Journal 15(4):231–43. [EB]Google Scholar
Di Ferdinando, A. & Parisi, D. (2004) Internal representations of sensory input reflect the motor output with which organisms respond to the input. In: Seeing and thinking, ed. Carsetti, A., pp. 115–41. Kluwer. [DP]Google Scholar
Dixon, R. M. W. (1997) The rise and fall of languages. Cambridge University Press. [arMAA]Google Scholar
Dominey, P. F., Arbib, M. A. & Joseph, J.-P. (1995) A model of corticostriatal plasticity for learning associations and sequences, Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 7:311–36. [aMAA]Google Scholar
Dominey, P. F., Hoen, M., Lelekov, T. & Blanc, J. M. (2003) Neurological basis of language and sequential cognition: Evidence from simulation, aphasia and ERP studies. Brain and Language 86:207–25. [rMAA]Google Scholar
Donald, M. (1998) Mimesis and the executive suite: Missing links in language evolution. In: Approaches to the evolution of language: Social and cognitive bases, ed. Hurford, J. R., Studdert-Kennedy, M. & Knight, C., pp. 44–67. Cambridge University Press. [aMAA]Google Scholar
Doupe, A. & Kuhl, P. (1999) Birdsong and human speech: Common themes and mechanisms. Annual Review of Neuroscience 22:567–631. [arMAA]Google Scholar
Ehrsson, H. H., Fagergren, A., Johansson, R. S. & Forssberg, H. (2003) Evidence for the involvement of the posterior parietal cortex in coordination of fingertip forces for grasp stability in manipulation. Journal of Neurophysiology 90:2978–86. [aMAA]Google Scholar
Ehrsson, H. H., Spence, C. & Passingham, R. E. (2004) That's my hand! Activity in premotor cortex reflects feeling of ownership of a limb. Science 305:875–77. [BI]Google Scholar
Ellis, R. & Tucker, M. (2000) Micro-affordance: The potentiation of components of action by seen objects. British Journal of Psychology 91:451–71. [DP]Google Scholar
Emmorey, K. (2002) Language, cognition, and the brain: Insights from sign language research. Erlbaum. [arMAA, KE]Google Scholar
Evans, N. (2003) Culture, context and structuration in Australian languages. Annual Review of Anthropology 32:13–40. [aMAA]Google Scholar
Fabrega, H. (1997) Evolution of sickness and healing. University of California Press. [HF]Google Scholar
Fabrega, H. (2002) Origins of psychopathology: Phylogenetic and cultural basis of mental illness. Rutgers University Press. [HF]Google Scholar
Fabrega, H. (2004) Consciousness and emotions are minimized. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 27(6):736–37. [commentary on Atran, S. & Norenzayan, A. (2004) Religion's evolutionary landscape: Counterintuition, commitment, compassion, communion. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 27(6):713–30. [HF]Google Scholar
Fadiga, L., Craighero, L., Buccino, G. & Rizzolatti, G. (2002) Speech listening specifically modulates the excitability of tongue muscles: A TMS study. European Journal of Neuroscience 15:399–402. [aMAA]Google Scholar
Fagg, A. H. & Arbib, M. A. (1992) A model of primate visual-motor conditional learning. Adaptive Behavior 1:1–37. [rMAA]Google Scholar
Fagg, A. H. & Arbib, M. A. (1998) Modeling parietal-premotor interactions in primate control of grasping. Neural Networks 11:1277–303. [aMAA]Google Scholar
Fairman, T. (2000) English pauper letters 1800–34, and the English language. In: Letter writing as a social practice, ed. Barton, D. & Hall, N., pp. 63–82. John Benjamins. [AW]Google Scholar
Falk, D. (2004a) Prelinguistic evolution in early hominins: Whence motherese. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 27(4):491–503. [rMAA, EG, PFM]Google Scholar
Falk, D. (2004b) The roles of infant crying and motherese during prelinguistic evolution in early hominins. American Journal of Physical Anthropology (Suppl.) 38:93. [EG]Google Scholar
Ferguson, C. A. (1964) Baby talk in six languages. American Anthropologist 66:103–14. [PFM]Google Scholar
Ferrari, P. F., Gallese, V., Rizzolatti, G. & Fogassi, L. (2003) Mirror neurons responding to the observation of ingestive and communicative mouth actions in the monkey ventral premotor cortex. European Journal of Neuroscience 17(8):1703–14. [arMAA]Google Scholar
Fichtel, C. & Hammerschmidt, K. (2002) Responses of red-fronted lemurs to experimentally-modified alarm calls: Evidence for urgency-based changes in call structure. Ethology 108:763–77. [RMS]Google Scholar
Fischer, J. (1998) Barbary macaques categorize shrill barks into two calls types. Animal Behaviour 55:799–807. [RMS]Google Scholar
Fischer, J. & Hammerschmidt, K. (2001) Functional referents and acoustic similarity revisited: The case of Barbary macaque alarm calls. Animal Cognition 4:29–35. [RMS]Google Scholar
Fischer, J., Hammerschmidt, K., Seyfarth, R. M. & Cheney, D. L. (2001a) Acoustic features of female chacma baboon barks. Ethology 107:33–54. [RMS]Google Scholar
Fischer, J., Metz, M., Cheney, D. L. & Seyfarth, R. M. (2001b) Baboon responses to graded bark variants. Animal Behaviour 61:925–31. [RMS]Google Scholar
Floel, A., Ellger, T., Breitenstein, C. & Knecht, S. (2003) Language perception activates the hand motor cortex: Implications for motor theories of speech perception. European Journal of Neuroscience 18(3):704–708. [arMAA]Google Scholar
Floreano, D. & Urzelai, J. (2000) Evolutionary robots with on-line self-organization and behavioral fitness. Neural Networks 13:431–43. [EB]Google Scholar
Fogassi, L. & Ferrari, P. F. (in press) Mirror neurons, gestures and language evolution. Interaction Studies: Social Behaviour and Communication in Biological and Artificial Systems. [arMAA]Google Scholar
Fogassi, L., Gallese, V., Fadiga, L. & Rizzolatti, G. (1998) Neurons responding to the sight of goal directed hand/arm actions in the parietal area PF (7b) of the macaque monkey. Social Neuroscience Abstracts 24:257. [aMAA]Google Scholar
Foley, R. A. (2001) Evolutionary perspectives on the origins of human social institutions. In: The origin of human social institutions, ed. Runciman, W. G., pp. 177–96. Oxford University Press. [HF]Google Scholar
Foundas, A. L., Eure, K. F., Luevano, L. F. & Weinberger, D. R. (1998) MRI asymmetries of Broca's area: The pars triangularis and pars opercularis. Brain and Language 64(3):282–96. [AMB]Google Scholar
Friederici, A. D., Kotz, S. A., Steinhauer, K. & von Cramon, D. Y. (2003) The neural basis of the prosody-syntax interplay: The role of the corpus callosum. Brain and Language 87:133–34. [BK]Google Scholar
Fritz, J. B., Becker, D., Mishkin, M. & Saunders, R. C. (1999) A comparison of the effects of medial temporal and rhinal cortical lesions on auditory recognition memory in the rhesus monkey. Society for Neuroscience Abstracts 25:789. [BH]Google Scholar
Fuster, J. M. (2002) Physiology of executive functions: The perception-action cycle. In: Principles of frontal lobe function, ed. Stuss, D. T. & Knight, R. T., pp. 96–108. Oxford University Press. [HF]Google Scholar
Galaburda, A. M. & Sanides, F. (1980) Cytoarchitectonic organization of the human auditory cortex. Journal of Comparative Neurology 190:597–610. [aMAA, JPR]Google Scholar
Gallese, V. (2003) The roots of empathy: The shared manifold hypothesis and the neural basis of intersubjectivity. Psychopathology 36:171–80. [rMAA]Google Scholar
Gallese, V., Fadiga, L., Fogassi, L. & Rizzolatti, G. (1996) Action recognition in the premotor cortex. Brain 119:593–609. [aMAA]Google Scholar
Gallese, V. & Goldman, A. (1998) Mirror neurons and the simulation theory of mind-reading. Trends in Cognitive Sciences 2:493–501. [JHGW]Google Scholar
Gamble, C. (1994) Timewalkers: The prehistory of global colonization. Harvard University Press. [aMAA]Google Scholar
Geertz, C. (1973) The growth of culture and the evolution of mind. In: The interpretation of cultures, ed. Geertz, C., pp. 55–83. Basic Books. [HF]Google Scholar
Gelfand, J. R. & Bookheimer, S. Y. (2003) Dissociating neural mechanisms of temporal sequencing and processing phonemes. Neuron 38(5):831–42. [aMAA]Google Scholar
Gemba, H., Miki, N. & Sasaki, K. (1997) Cortical field potentials preceding vocalization in monkeys. Acta Otolaryngologica Supplemental 532:96–98. [CB]Google Scholar
Gentilucci, M. (2003a) Grasp observation influences speech production. European Journal of Neuroscience 17(1):179–84. [arMAA]Google Scholar
Gentilucci, M. (2003b) Object motor representation and language. Experimental Brain Research 153:260–65. [rMAA, DP]Google Scholar
Gerlach, C., Law, I. & Paulson, O. B. (2002) When action turns into words. Activation of motor-based knowledge during categorization of manipulable objects. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 14(8):1230–39. [aMAA]Google Scholar
Ghazanfar, A. & Hauser, M. D. (2001) The auditory behavior of primates: A neuroethological perspective. Current Opinions in Neurobiology 11:712–20. [RMS]Google Scholar
Ghazanfar, A. A., ed. (2003) Primate audition: Ethology and neurobiology. CRC Press. [aMAA]Google Scholar
Gibson, J. J. (1979) The ecological approach to visual perception. Houghton Mifflin. [aMAA]Google Scholar
Givon, T. (2004) Teaching grammar to apes. Final Project Report, NIH Grant No. 2P01 HD06016–29 SUB: 0015. [DB]Google Scholar
Glover, S. & Dixon, P. (2002) Semantics affect the planning but not control of grasping. Experimental Brain Research 146(3):383–87. [aMAA]Google Scholar
Glover, S., Rosenbaum, D. A., Graham, J. & Dixon, P. (2004) Grasping the meaning of words. Experimental Brain Research 154(1):103–108. [aMAA]Google Scholar
Goodale, M. A., Milner, A. D., Jakobson, L. S. & Carey, D. P. (1991) A neurological dissociation between perceiving objects and grasping them. Nature 349:154–56. [aMAA]Google Scholar
Goodson, J. L. & Bass, A. H. (2002) Vocal-acoustic circuitry and descending vocal pathways in teleost fish: Convergence with terrestrial vertebrates reveals conserved traits. Journal of Comparative Neurology 448:298–322. [EG]Google Scholar
Grace, G. (2002) Collateral damage from linguistics? 3: The role of culturecentrism. Ethnolinguistic Notes 4(23). Available at: http://www2.hawaii.edu/∼race/elniv23.html. (Online Journal). [AW]Google Scholar
Grafton, S. T., Arbib, M. A., Fadiga, L. & Rizzolatti, G. (1996) Localization of grasp representations in humans by PET: 2. Observation compared with imagination. Experimental Brain Research 112:103–11. [aMAA]Google Scholar
Greenfield, P. M. (1991) Language, tools and brain: The ontogeny and phylogeny of hierarchically organized behavior. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 14:531–95. [HF, IMP]Google Scholar
Grezes, J. & Decety, J. (2001) Functional anatomy of execution, mental simulation, observation and verb generation of actions: A meta-analysis. Human Brain Mapping 12:1–19. [aMAA]Google Scholar
Grezes, J. & Decety, J. (2002) Does visual perception of object afford action? Evidence from a neuroimaging study. Neuropsychologia 40:212–22. [aMAA]Google Scholar
Grezes, J., Armony, J. L., Rowe, J. & Passingham, R. E. (2003) Activations related to “mirror” and “canonical” neurones in the human brain: An fMRI study. Neuroimage 18(4):928–37. [aMAA]Google Scholar
Grezes, J., Costes, N. & Decety, J. (1998) Top-down effect of strategy on the perception of human biological motion: A PET investigation. Cognitive Neuropsychology 15:553–82. [aMAA]Google Scholar
Guenther, F. H. (1995) Speech sound acquisition, coarticulation and rate effects in a neural network model of speech production. Psychological Review 102:594–621. [BH]Google Scholar
Guenther, F. H. & Ghosh, S. S. (2003) A model of cortical and cerebellar function in speech. Proceedings of the XVth International Congress of Phonetic Sciences, ed. Sole, M. J., Recasens, D. & Romero, J.. pp. 169–73. Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona. [BH]Google Scholar
Guillaume, P. (1927/1973) First stages of sentence formation in children's speech. In: Studies in child language development, ed. Ferguson, C. A. & Slobin, D. I., pp. 522–41. Holt, Rinehart & Winston. [AW]Google Scholar
Hallowell, A. I. (1960) Self, society, and culture in phylogenetic perspective. In: The evolution of man: Mind, culture, and society, vol. 2, Evolution after Darwin, ed. Tax, S., pp. 309–71. University of Chicago Press. [HF]Google Scholar
Hamzei, F., Rijntjes, M., Dettmers, C., Glauche, V., Weiller, C. & Buchel, C. (2003) The human action recognition system and its relationship to Broca's area: An fMRI study. Neuroimage 19(3):637–44. [aMAA]Google Scholar
Hanakawa, T., Honda, M., Sawamoto, N., Okada, T., Yonekura, Y., Fukuyama, H. & Shibasaki, H. (2002) The role of rostral Brodmann area 6 in mentaloperation tasks: An integrative neuroimaging approach. Cerebral Cortex 12(11):1157–70. [aMAA]Google Scholar
Harris, R. (2002) Why words really do not stay still. Times Literary Supplement 26 July, 5182:30. [DM]Google Scholar
Hast, M. H., Fischer, J. M., Wetzel, A. B. & Thompson, V. E. (1974) Cortical motor representation of the laryngeal muscles in Macaca mulatto. Brain Research 73:229–40. [CB]Google Scholar
Hauser, M. D. (1996) The evolution of communication. MIT Press/Bradford Books. [aMAA, RMS]Google Scholar
Hauser, M. D. (1998) Functional referents and acoustic similarity: Field playback experiments with rhesus monkeys. Animal Behaviour 55:1647–58. [RMS]Google Scholar
Hauser, M. D. & Anderson, K. (1994) Left hemisphere dominance for processing vocalizations in adult, but not infant, rhesus monkeys: Field experiments. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 91:3946–48. [RMS]Google Scholar
Hauser, M. D., Chomsky, N. & Fitch, W. T. (2002) The faculty of language: What is it, who has it, and how did it evolve? Science 298:1569–79. [aMAA]Google Scholar
Heffner, H. E. & Heffner, R. S. (1984) Temporal lobe lesions and perception of species-specific vocalizations by macaques. Science 226:75–76. [RMS]Google Scholar
Heilman, K. M., Blonder, L. X., Bowers, D. & Crucian, G. P. (2000) Neurological disorders and emotional dysfunction. In: The neuropsychology of emotion. Series in affective science, ed. Borod, J. C.. Oxford University Press. [AMB]Google Scholar
Heilman, K. M., Coyle, J. M., Gonyea, E. F. & Geschwind, N. (1973) Apraxia and agraphia in a left-hander. Brain 96:21–28. [AMB]Google Scholar
Heilman, K. M. & Rothi, L. J. G. (2003) Apraxia. In: Clinical Neuropsychology, 4th edition, ed. Heilman, K. M. & Valenstein, E.. Oxford University Press. [AMB]Google Scholar
Heiser, M., Iacoboni, M., Maeda, F., Marcus, J. & Mazziotta, J. C. (2003) The essential role of Broca's area in imitation. European Journal of Neuroscience 17:1981–86. [aMAA]Google Scholar
Herbert, M. R., Harris, G. J., Adrien, K. T., Ziegler, D. A., Makris, N., Kennedy, D. N., Lange, N. T., Chabris, C. F., Bakardjiev, A., Hodgson, J., Takeoka, M., Tager-Flusberg, H. & Caviness, V. S. (2002) Abnormal asymmetry in language association cortex in autism. Annals of Neurology 52:588–96. [HT]Google Scholar
Hewes, G. W. (1973) Primate communication and the gestural origin of language. Current Anthropology 14:5–24. [aMAA, PFM]Google Scholar
Hewes, G. W. (1996) A history of the study of language origins and the gestural primacy hypothesis. In: Handbook of human symbolic evolution, ed. Lock, A. & Peters, C. R.. Oxford University Press. [PFM]Google Scholar
Hickok, G., Bellugi, U. & Klima, E. S. (1998) What's right about the neural organization of sign language? A perspective on recent neuroimaging results. Trends in Cognitive Sciences 12:465–68. [aMAA]Google Scholar
Hill, E. L. (2001) Non-specific nature of specific language impairment: A review of the literature with regard to concomitant motor impairments. International Journal of Language and Communication Disorders 36:149–71. [HT]Google Scholar
Hill, J. C. (1983) A computational model of language acquisition in the two-yearold. Cognition and Brain Theory 6:287–317. [rMAA]Google Scholar
Hobson, R. P. & Bishop, M. (2003) The pathogenesis of autism: Insights from congenital blindness. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B 358:335–44. [HT]Google Scholar
Hockett, C. F. (1959) Animal “languages” and human language. Human Biology 31:32–39. [IMP]Google Scholar
Hockett, C. F. (1978) In search of Jove's brow. American Speech 53:243–313. [rMAA, PFM]Google Scholar
Hofstadter, D. (1995) Fluid concepts and creative analogies: Computer models of the fundamental mechanisms of thought. Basic Books. [BI]Google Scholar
Holstein, B. I. (1970) Use of metaphor to induce innovative thinking in fourth grade children. Ph.D. thesis, School of Education, Boston University, Boston, MA. [BI]Google Scholar
Hornak, J., Bramham, J., Rolls, E. T., Morris, R. G., O’Doherty, J., Bullock, P. R. & Polkey, C. E. (2003) Changes in emotion after circumscribed surgical lesions of the orbitofrontal and cingulate cortices. Brain 126:1691–712. [BK]Google Scholar
Horwitz, B. (2005) Integrating neuroscientific data across spatiotemporal scales. Comptes rendus Biologies 328:109–18. [BH]Google Scholar
Horwitz, B., Amunts, K., Bhattacharyya, R., Patkin, D., Jeffries, K., Zilles, K. & Braun, A. R. (2003) Activation of Broca's area during the production of spoken and signed language: A combined cytoarchitectonic mapping and PET analysis. Neuropsychologia 41(14):1868–76. [aMAA]Google Scholar
Horwitz, B. & Tagamets, M.-A. (2003) Synthetic functional brain imaging. In: The handbook of brain theory and neural networks, 2nd edition, ed. Arbib, M. A.. MIT Press. [rMAA]Google Scholar
Hunt, G. R. & Gray, R. D. (2002) Diversification and cumulative evolution in New Caledonian crow tool manufacture. Proceedings of the Royal Society London. Series B 270:867–74. [aMAA]Google Scholar
Hurford, J. R. (2003) The neural basis of predicate-argument structure. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 26(3):261–83. [rMAA]Google Scholar
Hurford, J. R. (2004) Language beyond our grasp: What mirror neurons can, and cannot, do for language evolution. In: Evolution of communication systems: A comparative approach, ed. Oller, K., Griebel, U. & Plunkett, K., pp. 297–313. MIT Press. [arMAA]Google Scholar
Husain, F. T., Tagamets, M.-A., Fromm, S. J., Braun, A. R. & Horwitz, B. (2004) Relating neuronal dynamics for auditory object processing to neuroimaging activity. NeuroImage 21:1701–20. [BH]Google Scholar
Iacoboni, M., Koski, L. M., Brass, M., Bekkering, H., Woods, R. P., Dubeau, M. C., Mazziotta, J. C. & Rizzolatti, G. (2001) Reafferent copies of imitated actions in the right superior temporal cortex. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science USA 98:13995–99. [aMAA]Google Scholar
Iacoboni, M., Woods, R. P., Brass, M., Bekkering, H., Mazziotta, J. C. & Rizzolatti, G. (1999) Cortical mechanisms of human imitation. Science 286(5449):2526–28. [aMAA, JHGW]Google Scholar
Indurkhya, B. (1994) The thesis “all knowledge is metaphorical” and meanings of “metaphor.” Metaphor and Symbolic Activity 9(1):61–73. [BI]Google Scholar
Indurkhya, B. (1998) On creation of features and change of representation. Journal of Japanese Cognitive Science Society 5(2):43–56. [BI]Google Scholar
Ingold, T. (1996) Language is the essence of culture. In: Key debates in anthropology, ed. Ingold, T., pp. 147–98. Routledge. [HF]Google Scholar
Ito, M. (2005) Bases and implications of learning in the cerebellum – adaptive control and internal model mechanism. Progress in Brain Research 148:95–109. [rMAA]Google Scholar
Izumi, A. & Kojima, S. (2004) Matching vocalizations to vocalizing faces in a chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes). Animal Cognition 7:179–84. [CB]Google Scholar
Jackendoff, R. (1999) Possible stages in the evolution of the language capacity. Trends in Cognitive Sciences 3(7):272–79. [WTF]Google Scholar
Jackendoff, R. (2002) Foundations of language: Brain, meaning, grammar, evolution. Oxford University Press. [aMAA, PFM]Google Scholar
Jackson, J. H. (1878–79) On affections of speech from the disease of the brain. Brain 1:304–30; 2:203–22, 323–56. [rMAA]Google Scholar
Janis, I. L. (1982) Groupthink: Psychological studies of policy decisions and fiascoes, 2nd edition. Houghton Mifflin. [BK]Google Scholar
Janzen, T. & Shaffer, B. (2002) Gesture as the substrate in the process of ASL grammaticalization. In: Modality and structure in signed and spoken languages, ed. Meier, R. P., Cormier, K. & Quinto-Pozos, D., pp. 199–223. Cambridge University Press. [KE]Google Scholar
Jarvis, E. D. & Mello, C. V. (2000) Molecular mapping of brain areas involved in parrot vocal communication. Journal of Comparative Neurology 419:1–31. [IMP]Google Scholar
Jeannerod, M., Decety, J. & Michel, F. (1994) Impairment of grasping movements. Neuropsychologia 32(4):369–80. [aMAA]Google Scholar
Jordan, M. I. & Rumelhart, D. E. (1992) Forward models: Supervised learning with a distal teacher. Cognitive Science 16:307–54. [rMAA]Google Scholar
Jürgens, U. (1997) Primate communication: Signaling, vocalization. In: Encyclopedia of neuroscience, 2nd edition. Elsevier. [aMAA]Google Scholar
Jürgens, U. (1998) Neuronal control of mammalian vocalization, with special reference to the squirrel monkey. Naturwissenschaften 85(8):376–88. [rMAA, WTF, EG]Google Scholar
Jürgens, U. (2002) Neural pathways underlying vocal control. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews 26:235–58. [EG]Google Scholar
Jürgens, U. (2003) From mouth to mouth and hand to hand: On language evolution. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 26(2):229–30. [CB]Google Scholar
Jürgens, U. & Alipour, M. (2002) A comparative study on the cortico-hypoglossal connections in primates, using biotine dextranamine. Neuroscience Letters 328:245–48. [CB]Google Scholar
Kaas, J. H. (1993) Evolution of multiple areas and modules within neocortex. Perspectives on Developmental Neurobiology 1:101–107. [rMAA]Google Scholar
Kanter, S. L., Day, A. L., Heilman, K. M. & Gonzalez Rothi, L. J. (1986) Pure word deafness: A possible explanation of transient deterioration following EC-IC bypass. Neurosurgery 18:186–89. [AMB]Google Scholar
Kaplan, J. T. & Iacoboni, M. (2005) Brain activations related to hearing and seeing an action. Presented at the Cognitive Neuroscience Society Annual Meeting, New York, April 2005. [JTK]Google Scholar
Kaplan, J. T. & Iacoboni, M. (2005) (in preparation) Multisensory coding of perceived actions in the motor system. [rMAA]Google Scholar
Kegl, J., Senghas, A. & Coppola, M. (1999) Creation through contact: Sign language emergence and sign language change in Nicaragua. In Language creation and language change: Creolization, diachrony, and development, ed. DeGraff, M., pp. 179–237. MIT Press. [KE]Google Scholar
Kemmerer, D., Chandrasekaran, B. & Tranel, D. (submitted) A case of impaired verbalization but preserved gesticulation of motion events: Investigating the language-specific representation of space from a neuropsychological perspective. [rMAA]Google Scholar
Kendon, A. (1988) Sign languages of aboriginal Australia: Cultural, semiotic and communicative perspectives. Cambridge University Press. [rMAA, DM]Google Scholar
Kertesz, A., Ferro, J. M. & Shewan, C. M. (1984) Apraxia and aphasia: The functional-anatomical basis for their dissociation. Neurology 34:40–47. [AMB]Google Scholar
Keysers, C., Kohler, E., Umilta, M. A., Nanetti, L., Fogassi, L. & Gallese, V. (2003) Audiovisual mirror neurons and action recognition. Experimental Brain Research 153(4):628–36. [JTK]Google Scholar
Kimura, D. (1993) Neuromotor mechanisms in human communication (Oxford Psychology Series No. 20). Oxford University Press/Clarendon Press. [aMAA]Google Scholar
Kirby, S. (2000) Syntax without natural selection: How compositionality emerges from vocabulary in a population of learners. In: The evolutionary emergence of language, ed. Knight, C., Studdert-Kennedy, M. & Hurford, J. R.. Cambridge University Press. [arMAA]Google Scholar
Kirzinger, A. & Jürgens, U. (1982) Cortical lesion effects and vocalization in the squirrel monkey. Brain Research 233:299–315. [CB]Google Scholar
Kita, S. & Özyürek, A. (2003). What does cross-linguistic variation in semantic coordination of speech and gesture reveal? Evidence for an interface representation of spatial thinking and speaking. Journal of Memory and Language 48(1):16–32. [rMAA]Google Scholar
Knight, C. (1991) Blood relations: Menstruation and the origins of culture. Yale University Press. [HF]Google Scholar
Kohler, E., Keysers, C., Umiltá, M. A., Fogassi, L., Gallese, V. & Rizzolatti, G. (2002) Hearing sounds, understanding actions: Action representation in mirror neurons. Science 297(5582):846–48. [arMAA, JTK, HT]Google Scholar
Kohler, W. (1917/1927) The mentality of apes, trans. Winter, E.. Routledge & Kegan Paul. (Original work published 1917). [PNP]Google Scholar
Koski, L., Wohlschlager, A., Bekkering, H., Woods, R. P., Dubeau, M. C., Mazziotta, J. C. & Iacoboni, M. (2002) Modulation of motor and premotor activity during imitation of target-directed actions. Cerebral Cortex 12:847–55. [aMAA]Google Scholar
Kozima, H., Nakagawa, C. & Yano, H. (2003) Can a robot empathize with people? Proceedings of the Eighth International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics (AROB 08), pp. 518–19. [BI]Google Scholar
Kripke, S. A. (1982) Wittgenstein on rules and private language. Harvard University Press. [rMAA]Google Scholar
Krubitzer, L. (1998) Constructing the neocortex: Influences on the pattern of organization in mammals. In: Brain and mind: Evolutionary perspectives, ed. Gazzaniga, M. S. & Altman, J. S., pp. 19–34. Human Frontier Science Program. [rMAA]Google Scholar
Kubovy, M. & Van Valkenburg, D. (2001) Auditory and visual objects. Cognition 80:97–126. [BH]Google Scholar
Kuczaj, S. A., Gory, J. D. & Xitco, M. J. (1998) Using programs to solve problems: Imitation versus insight. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 21:695–96. [BI]Google Scholar
Kurthen, M. (1992) Neurosemantik. Grundlagen einer praxiologischen kognitiven Neurowissenschaft. Ferdinand Enke. [rMAA]Google Scholar
Lai, C. S., Fisher, S. E., Hurst, J. A., Vargha-Khadem, F. & Monaco, A. P. (2001) A forkhead-domain gene is mutated in a severe speech and language disorder. Nature 413:519–23. [HT]Google Scholar
Langacker, R. (1987) Foundations of cognitive grammar, vol. 1. Stanford University Press. [aMAA]Google Scholar
Langacker, R. (1991) Foundations of cognitive grammar, vol. 2. Stanford University Press. [aMAA]Google Scholar
Lass, R. (1997) Historical linguistics and language change. Cambridge University Press. [rMAA]Google Scholar
Leavens, D. A. (2003) Integration of visual and vocal communication: Evidence for Miocene origins. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 26:232–33. [CB]Google Scholar
Liberman, A. M., Cooper, F. S., Shankweiler, D. P. & Studdert-Kennedy, M. (1967) Perception of the speech code. Psychological Review 74(6):431–61. [JTK, JPR]Google Scholar
Lieberman, P. (2002) On the nature and evolution of the neural bases of human language. Yearbook of Physical Anthropology 45:36–62. [aMAA]Google Scholar
Liepmann, H. (1905) Die linke Hemisphäre und das Handeln. Münchener Medizinische Wochenshrift 49:2322–26, 2375–78. [AMB]Google Scholar
Linnankoski, I., Laakso, M.-L., Aulanko, R. & Leinonen, L. (1994) Recognition of emotions in macaque vocalizations by children and adults. Language & Communication 14:183–92. [BK]Google Scholar
Locke, J. L. (1993) The child's path to spoken language. Harvard University Press. [PFM]Google Scholar
Lord, C., Risi, S., Lambrecht, L., Cook, E. H. Jr.,, Leventhal, B. L., DiLavore, P. C., Pickles, A. & Rutter, M. (2000) The autism diagnostic observation schedulegeneric: A standard measure of social and communication deficits associated with the spectrum of autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 30:205–23. [JHGW]Google Scholar
MacNeilage, P. F. (1998) The frame/content theory of evolution of speech production. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 21:499–546. [aMAA, HF, PFM]Google Scholar
MacNeilage, P. F. (2003) Mouth to hand and back again? Could language have made those journeys? Behavioral and Brain Sciences 26(2):233–34. [rMAA, PFM]Google Scholar
MacNeilage, P. F. & Davis, B. L. (1990) Acquisition of speech: Frames, then content. In: Attention and Performance XIII, ed. Jeannerod, M. Erlbaum. [PFM]Google Scholar
MacNeilage, P. F. & Davis, B. L. (2000) Origin of the internal structure of word forms. Science 288:527–31. [PFM]Google Scholar
MacNeilage, P. F. & Davis, B. L. (2004) Baby talk and the origin of the word. Paper presented at the Fifth International Conference on the Evolution of Language, Leipzig, Germany, April 2004. [PFM]Google Scholar
MacNeilage, P. F. & Davis, B. L. (2004) (in press a) Baby talk and the emergence of first words. Behavioral and Brain Sciences. [PFM]Google Scholar
MacNeilage, P. F. & Davis, B. L. (2004) (in press b) The frame/content theory of evolution of speech: Comparison with a gestural origins theory. Interaction Studies: Social Behavior and Communication in Biological and Artificial Systems. [arMAA, PFM]Google Scholar
Macphail, E. M. (2000) The search for a mental Rubicon. In: The evolution of cognition, ed. Heyes, C. & Huber, L., pp. 253–72. MIT Press. [rMAA, HF]Google Scholar
Makino, T. & Aihara, K. (2003) Self-observation principle for estimating the other's internal state: A new computational theory of communication. Mathematical Engineering Technical Reports METR 2003–36, Department of Mathematical Informatics, Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, University of Tokyo. [rMAA]Google Scholar
Manthey, S., Schubotz, R. I. & von Cramon, D. Y. (2003) Premotor cortex in observing erroneous action: An fMRI study. Cognitive Brain Research 15(3):296–307. [aMAA]Google Scholar
Marino, L. (2002) Convergence of complex cognitive abilities in cetaceans and primates. Brain, Behavior and Evolution 59:21–32. [EG]Google Scholar
Marom, Y., Maistros, G. & Hayes, G. (2002) Toward a mirror system for the development of socially-mediated skills. In: Proceedings of the Second International Workshop on Epigenetic Robotics: Modeling Cognitive Development in Robotic Systems, Edinburgh, Scotland, vol. 94, ed. Prince, C., Demiris, Y., Marom, Y., Kozima, H. & Balkenius, C.. Lund University Cognitive Studies. [EB]Google Scholar
Matelli, M., Camarda, R., Glickstein, M. & Rizzolatti, G. (1986) Afferent and efferent projections of the inferior area 6 in the macaque monkey. Journal of Comparative Neurology 251:281–98. [aMAA]Google Scholar
McNeill, D. (1992) Hand and mind: What gestures reveal about thought. University of Chicago Press. [DM]Google Scholar
McNeill, D. (2000) Introduction. In: Language and gesture, ed. McNeill, D., pp. 1–10. Cambridge University Press. [DM]Google Scholar
Meltzoff, A. N. & Decety, J. (2003) What imitation tells us about social cognition: A rapprochement between developmental psychology and cognitive neuroscience. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences 358(1431):491–500. [rMAA, JHGW]Google Scholar
Meltzoff, A. N. & Prinz, W. (2002) The imitative mind: Development, evolution and brain bases. In: Cambridge studies in cognitive development, ed. Fischer, K. W. & Hatano, G.. Cambridge University Press. [JHGW]Google Scholar
Miall, R. C. (2003) Connecting mirror neurons and forward models. NeuroReport 14:2135–37. [rMAA]Google Scholar
Miller, G. F. (2001) The mating mind: How sexual choice shaped the evolution of human nature. Anchor Books. [CY]Google Scholar
Minter, M. E., Hobson, R. P. & Bishop, M. (1998) Congenital visual impairment and “theory of mind.” British Journal of Developmental Psychology 16:183–96. [HT]Google Scholar
Mitz, A. R., Godshalk, M. & Wise, S. P. (1991) Learning-dependent neuronal activity in the premotor cortex: Activity during the acquisition of conditional motor associations. Journal of Neuroscience 11(6):1855–72. [rMAA]Google Scholar
Moore, B. R. (1992) Avian movement imitation and a new form of mimicry: Tracing the evolution of a complex form of learning. Behaviour 12:231–63. [WTF, BI]Google Scholar
Murdock, G. P. (1959) Cross-language parallels in parental kin terms. Anthropological Linguistics 1:1–5. [rMAA, PFM]Google Scholar
Myowa-Yamakoshi, M. & Matsuzawa, T. (1999) Factors influencing imitation of manipulatory actions in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). Journal of Comparative Psychology 113:128–36. [aMAA]Google Scholar
Nagy, E. & Molnar, P. (2004) Homo imitans or homo provocans? The phenomenon of neonatal initiation. Infant Behavior and Development 27:57–63. [rMAA]Google Scholar
Newbury, D. F., Bonora, E., Lamb, J. A., Fisher, S. E., Lai, C. S., Baird, G., Jannoun, L., Slonims, V., Stott, C. M., Merricks, M. J., Bolton, P. F., Bailey, A. J., Monaco, A. P., (International Molecular Genetic Study of Autism Consortium) (2002) FOXP2 is not a major susceptibility gene for autism or specific language impairment. American Journal of Human Genetics 70:1318–27. [HT]Google Scholar
Nishitani, N., Avikainen, S. & Hari, R. (2004) Abnormal imitation-related cortical activation sequences in Asperger's syndrome. Annals of Neurology 55:558–62. [HT]Google Scholar
Noble, W. & Davidson, I. (1996) Human evolution, language, and mind: A psychological and archeological inquiry. Cambridge University Press. [HF]Google Scholar
Nowak, M. A., Plotkin, J. B. & Jansen, V. A. A. (2000) The evolution of syntactic communication. Nature 404:495–98. [aMAA]Google Scholar
Ochipa, C., Rothi, L. J. G. & Heilman, K. M. (1994) Conduction apraxia. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry 57:1241–44. [AMB]Google Scholar
Owren, M. J., Hopp, S. L. & Seyfarth, R. M. (1992) Categorical vocal signaling in nonhuman primates. In: Nonverbal vocal communication: Comparative and developmental approaches, ed. Papousek, H., Jürgens, U. & Papousek, M.. Cambridge University Press. [RMS]Google Scholar
Owren, M. J., Seyfarth, R. M. & Cheney, D. L. (1997) The acoustic features of vowel-like grunt calls in chacma baboons (Papio cynocephalus ursinus). Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 101:2951–63. [RMS]Google Scholar
Oztop, E. & Arbib, M. A. (2002) Schema design and implementation of the grasprelated mirror neuron system. Biological Cybernetics 87:116–40. [aMAA, EB]Google Scholar
Oztop, E., Bradley, N. S. & Arbib, M. A. (2004) Infant grasp learning: A computational model. Experimental Brain Research 158:480–503. [aMAA]Google Scholar
Papagno, C., della Sala, S. & Basso, A. (1993) Ideomotor apraxia without aphasia and aphasia without apraxia: The anatomical support for a double dissociation. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry 56:286–89. [AMB]Google Scholar
Passingham, R. (1993) The frontal lobes and voluntary action. Oxford University Press. [aMAA]Google Scholar
Patterson, D. K. & Pepperberg, I. M. (1994) A comparative study of human and parrot phonation: Acoustic and articulatory correlates of vowels. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 96:634–48. [IMP]Google Scholar
Patterson, D. K. & Pepperberg, I. M. (1998) Acoustic and articulatory correlates of stop consonants in a parrot and a human subject. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 106:491–505. [IMP]Google Scholar
Paulesu, E., Goldacre, B., Scifo, P., Cappa, S. F., Gilardi, M. C., Castigllioni, I., Perani, D. & Fazio, F. (1997) Functional heterogeneity of left inferior frontal cortex as revealed by MRI. Neuroreport 8:2011–17. [AMB]Google Scholar
Payne, K. & Payne, R. (1985) Large scale changes over 19 years in songs of humpback whales in Bermuda. Zeitschrift für Tierpsychologie 68:89–114. [EG]Google Scholar
Peirce, A. (1985) A review of attempts to condition operantly alloprimate vocalizations. Primates 26:202–13. [RMS]Google Scholar
Pepperberg, I. M. (1992) Proficient performance of a conjunctive, recursive task by an African Grey parrot (Psittacus erithacus). Journal of Comparative Psychology 106:295–305. [IMP]Google Scholar
Pepperberg, I. M. (1999) The Alex studies: Cognitive and communicative abilities of Grey parrots. Harvard University Press. [IMP]Google Scholar
Pepperberg, I. M. (2005a) Grey parrots do not always “parrot”: Phonological awareness and creation of new labels from existing vocalizations. In: Proceedings of the Third International Symposium on Imitation in Animals and Artifacts, 2005 Artificial Intelligence and the Simulation of Behavior Convention. pp. 97–104. [IMP]Google Scholar
Pepperberg, I. M. (2005b) Insights into imitation in Grey parrots (Psittacus erithacus). In: Perspectives on imitation: From neuroscience to social science, ed. Hurley, S. L. & Chader, N., pp. 243–62. MIT Press. [IMP]Google Scholar
Pepperberg, I. M., Brese, K. J. & Harris, B. J. (1991) Solitary sound play during acquisition of English vocalizations by an African Grey Parrot (Psittacus erithacus): Possible parallels with children's monologue speech. Applied Psycholinguistics 12:151–78. [IMP]Google Scholar
Pepperberg, I. M. & Brezinsky, M. V. (1991) Acquisition of a relative class concept by an African Grey Parrot (Psittacus erithacus): Discriminations based on relative size. Journal of Comparative Psychology 105:286–94. [IMP]Google Scholar
Pepperberg, I. M. & Gordon, J. D. (2005) Number comprehension by an African grey parrot (Psittacus erithacus), including a zero-like concept. Journal of Comparative Psychology 119:197–209. [IMP]Google Scholar
Pepperberg, I. M. & Shive, H. A. (2001) Simultaneous development of vocal and physical object combinations by a Grey Parrot (Psittacus erithacus): Bottle caps, lids, and labels. Journal of Comparative Psychology 115:376–84. [IMP]Google Scholar
Perrett, D. I., Mistlin, A. J., Harries, M. H. & Chitty, A. J. (1990) Understanding the visual appearance and consequence of hand actions. In: Vision and action: The control of grasping, ed. Goodale, M. A., pp. 163–342. Ablex. [aMAA]Google Scholar
Perrett, D., Rolls, E. T. & Cann, W. (1982) Visual neurons responsive to faces in the monkey temporal cortex. Experimental Brain Research 47:329–42. [DB]Google Scholar
Perrett, D., Smith, P. A. J., Mistlin, A. J., Chitty, A. J, Head, A. S., Potter, D. D, Broenniman, R., Milner, A. P. & Jeeves, M. A. (1985) Visual analysis of body movements by neurones in the temporal cortex of the macaque monkey. Behavior and Brain Research 16(2–3):153–70. [DB]Google Scholar
Peters, A. M. (1983) Units of language acquisition. Cambridge University Press. [rMAA, AW]Google Scholar
Petersen, M. R., Beecher, M. D., Zoloth, S. L., Moody, D. B. & Stebbins, W. C. (1978) Neural lateralization of species-specific vocalizations by Japanese macaques. Science 202:324–27. [RMS]Google Scholar
Petitto, L. A. & Marentette, P. F. (1991) Babbling in the manual mode: Evidence for the ontogeny of language. Science 251:1493–96. [BH]Google Scholar
Petrides, M. & Pandya, D. N. (1984) Projections to the frontal cortex from the posterior parietal region in the rhesus monkey. Journal of Comparative Neurology 228:105–16. [aMAA]Google Scholar
Pfeiffer, J. E. (1982) The creative explosion. An inquiry into the origins of art and religion. Cornell University Press. [HF]Google Scholar
Pinker, S. (1995) The language instinct: How the mind creates language. Harper Perennial. [CB]Google Scholar
Ploog, D. (1988) Neurobiology and pathology of subhuman vocal communication and human speech. In: Primate vocal communication, ed. Todt, D., Goedeking, P. & Symmes, D.. Springer Verlag. [EG]Google Scholar
Plumer, T. K. & Striedter, G. F. (1997) Auditory and vocalization related activity in the vocal control system of budgerigars. Society for Neuroscience Abstracts 100:10. [IMP]Google Scholar
Plumer, T. K. & Striedter, G. F. (2000) Auditory responses in the vocal motor system of budgerigars. Journal of Neurobiology 42:79–94. [IMP]Google Scholar
Podell, K., Wisniewski, K. & Lovell, M. R. (2001) The assessment of echopraxia as a component of executive control deficit in traumatic brain injury. Brain and Cognition 47(1–2):349–53. [rMAA]Google Scholar
Poremba, A., Malloy, M., Saunders, R. C., Carson, R. E., Herscovitch, P. & Mishkin, M. (2004) Species-specific calls evoke asymmetric activity in the monkey's temporal poles. Nature 427:448–51. [RMS]Google Scholar
Prell, C. G., Hauser, M. D. & Moody, D. B. (2002) Discrete or graded variation within rhesus monkey screams? Psychophysical experiment on classification. Animal Behaviour 63:47–62. [RMS]Google Scholar
Provine, R. R. (1986) Yawning as a stereotyped action pattern and releasing stimulus. Ethology 72:109–22. [RRP]Google Scholar
Provine, R. R. (1989) Faces as releasers of contagious yawning: An approach to face detection using normal human subjects. Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society 27:211–14. [RRP]Google Scholar
Provine, R. R. (1993) Laughter punctuates speech: Linguistic, social and gender contexts of laughter. Ethology 95:291–98. [RRP]Google Scholar
Prudkov, P. N. (1999a) Human evolution expanded brains to increase motivational ability, not expertise capacity. Psycoloquy 10(012). Available at: http://www.cogsci.soton.ac.uk/cgi/psyc/newpsy?10.012. (Online Journal). [PNP]Google Scholar
Prudkov, P. N. (1999b) Origin of culture: Evolution applied another mechanism. Psycoloquy 10(037). Available at: http://www.cogsci.soton.ac.uk/cgi/psyc/newpsy?10.037. (Online Journal.) [PNP]Google Scholar
Prudkov, P. N. (1999c) The role of motivation in the origin of language. Psycoloquy 10(069). Available at: http://www.cogsci.soton.ac.uk/cgi/psyc/newpsy?10.069. (Online Journal.) [PNP]Google Scholar
Prudkov, P. N. & Rodina, O. N. (1999) Synthesis of purposeful processes. Psycoloquy 10(070). Available at: http://www.cogsci.soton.ac.uk/cgi/psyc/newpsy?10.070. (Online Journal.) [PNP]Google Scholar
Pulvermüller, F. (2002) A brain perspective on language mechanisms: From discrete neuronal ensembles to serial order. Progress in Neurobiology 67(2):85–111. [rMAA]Google Scholar
Rauschecker, J. P. (1998) Cortical processing of complex sounds. Current Opinion in Neurobiology 8:516–21. [JPR]Google Scholar
Rauschecker, J. P. & Tian, B. (2000) Mechanisms and streams for processing of “what” and “where” in auditory cortex. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 97:11800–806. [JPR]Google Scholar
Raymer, A. M. & Ochipa, C. (1997) Conceptual praxis. In: Apraxia: The neuropsychology of action, ed. Rothi, L. J. G. & Heilman, K. M.. Psychology Press. [AMB]Google Scholar
Reiss, D. & McCowan, B. (1993) Spontaneous vocal mimicry and production by bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus): Evidence for vocal learning. Journal of Comparative Psychology 107:301–12. [WTF]Google Scholar
Rendall, D. (2003) Acoustic correlates of caller identity and affect intensity in the vowel-like grunt vocalizations of baboons. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 113:3390–402. [RMS]Google Scholar
Rendall, D., Seyfarth, R. M., Cheney, D. L. & Owren, M. J. (1999) The meaning and function of grunt variants in baboons. Animal Behaviour 57:583–92. [RMS]Google Scholar
Ribeiro, S., Cecchi, G. A., Magnasco, M. O. & Mello, C. (1998) Toward a song code: Evidence for a syllabic representation in the canary brain. Neuron 21:359–71. [IMP]Google Scholar
Richards, D. G., Wolz, J. P. & Herman, L. M. (1984) Vocal mimicry of computergenerated sounds and vocal labeling of objects by a bottlenosed dolphin, Tursiops truncatus. Journal of Comparative Psychology 98:10–28. [WTF]Google Scholar
Ritt, N. (2004) Selfish sounds and linguistic evolution. Cambridge University Press. [rMAA]Google Scholar
Rizzolatti, G. & Arbib, M. A. (1998) Language within our grasp. Trends in Neurosciences. 21(5):188–94. [aMAA, CB, JPR]Google Scholar
Rizzolatti, G., Camarda, R., Fogassi, L., Gentilucci, M., Luppino, G. & Matelli, M. (1988) Functional organization of inferior area 6 in the macaque monkey II. Area F5 and the control of distal movements. Experimental Brain Research 71:491–507. [aMAA]Google Scholar
Rizzolatti, G. & Craighero, L. (2004) The mirror-neuron system. Annual Review of Neuroscience 27:169–92. [HT]Google Scholar
Rizzolatti, G., Fadiga, L., Gallese, V. & Fogassi, L. (1996a) Premotor cortex and the recognition of motor actions. Cognitive Brain Research 3:131–41. [aMAA]Google Scholar
Rizzolatti, G., Fadiga, L., Matelli, M., Bettinardi, V., Perani, D. & Fazio, F. (1996b) Localization of grasp representations in humans by positron emission tomography: 1. Observation versus execution. Experimental Brain Research 111:246–52. [aMAA]Google Scholar
Rizzolatti, R., Fogassi, L. & Gallese, V. (2001) Neurophysiological mechanisms underlying the understanding and imitation of action. Nature Reviews Neuroscience 2:661–70. [arMAA]Google Scholar
Rizzolatti, G. & Luppino, G. (2001) The cortical motor system. Neuron 31:889–901. [aMAA]Google Scholar
Rizzolatti, G. & Luppino, G. (2003) Grasping movements: Visuomotor transformations. In: The handbook of brain theory and neural networks, 2nd edition, ed. Arbib, M. A., pp. 501–504. MIT Press. [aMAA]Google Scholar
Rizzolatti, G., Luppino, G. & Matelli, M. (1998) The organization of the cortical motor system: New concepts. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology 106:283–96. [aMAA]Google Scholar
Rolls, E. T. & Arbib, M. A. (2003) Visual scene perception. In: The handbook of brain theory and neural networks, 2nd edition, ed. Arbib, M. A.. MIT Press. [aMAA]Google Scholar
Romanski, L. M. & Goldman-Rakic, P. S. (2002) An auditory domain in primate prefrontal cortex. Nature Neuroscience 5:15–16. [CB, JPR]Google Scholar
Ross, E. D. (1981) The aprosodias. Functional-anatomic organization of the affective components of language in the right hemisphere. Archives of Neurology 38(9):561–69. [AMB, BK]Google Scholar
Rothi, L. J. G., Raade, A. S. & Heilman, K. M. (1994) Localization of lesions in limb and buccofacial apraxia. In: Localization and neuroimaging in neuropsychology, ed. Kertesz, A.. Academic Press. [AMB]Google Scholar
Ruppin, E. (2002) Evolutionary autonomous agents: A neuroscience perspective. Nature Reviews Neuroscience 3(2):132–41. [EB]Google Scholar
Saunders, R. C., Fritz, J. B. & Mishkin, M. (1998) The effects of rhinal cortical lesions on auditory short-term memory (STM) in the rhesus monkey. Society for Neuroscience Abstracts 24:1907. [BH]Google Scholar
Scherer, K. R. (1986) Vocal affect expression: A review and a model for future research. Psychological Bulletin 99:143–65. [BK]Google Scholar
Schubotz, R. I. & von Cramon, D. Y. (2003) Functional-anatomical concepts of human premotor cortex: Evidence from fMRI and PET studies. NeuroImage 20 (Suppl. 1):S120–31. [JTK]Google Scholar
Scott, S. K., Blank, C. C., Rosen, S. & Wise, R. J. (2000) Identification of a pathway for intelligible speech in the left temporal lobe. Brain 123 (Pt 12):2400–406. [JPR]Google Scholar
Seddoh, S. A. (2002) How discrete or independent are “affective prosody” and “linguistic prosody”? Aphasiology 16(7):683–92. [BK]Google Scholar
Seltzer, B. & Pandya, D. N. (1994) Parietal, temporal, and occipital projections to cortex of the superior temporal sulcus in the rhesus monkey: A retrograde tracer study. Journal of Comparative Neurology 15:445–63. [aMAA]Google Scholar
Seyfarth, R. M. & Cheney, D. L. (2003a) Meaning and emotion in animal vocalizations. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1000:32–55. [CB]Google Scholar
Seyfarth, R. M. & Cheney, D. L. (2003b) Signalers and receivers in animal communication. Annual Review of Psychology 54:145–73. [RMS]Google Scholar
Seyfarth, R. M., Cheney, D. L. & Marler, P. (1980) Monkey responses to three different alarm calls: Evidence for predator classification and semantic communication. Science 210:801–803. [RMS]Google Scholar
Shallice, T. (1988) From neuropsychology to mental structure. Cambridge University Press. [HF]Google Scholar
Shaw, R. & Turvey, M. (1981) Coalitions as models of ecosystems: A realist perspective on perceptual organization. In: Perceptual organization, ed. Kubovy, M. & Pomerantz, J. R., pp. 343–415. Erlbaum. [rMAA]Google Scholar
Simner, M. L. (1971) Newborn's response to the cry of another infant. Developmental Psychology 5:136–50. [RRP]Google Scholar
Skelly, M., Schinsky, L., Smith, R. W. & Fust, R. S. (1974) American Indian Sign (Amerind) as a facilitator of verbalization for the oral verbal apraxic. Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders 39:445–56. [AMB]Google Scholar
Smith, E. E. & Jonides, J. (1998) Neuroimaging analyses of human working memory. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences U.S.A. 95:12061–68. [CB]Google Scholar
Snowdon, C. T. (1989) Vocal communication in New World monkeys. Journal of Human Evolution 18:611–33. [EG]Google Scholar
Snowdon, C. T. (1990) Language capacities of nonhuman animals. Yearbook of Physical Anthropology 33:215–43. [RMS]Google Scholar
Snowdon, C. T., French, J. A. & Cleveland, J. (1986) Ontogeny of primate vocalizations: Models from birdsong and human speech. In: Current perspectives in primate social behavior, ed. Taub, D. & King, F. E.. Van Nostrand Rheinhold. [RMS]Google Scholar
Speedie, L. J., Wertman, E., Tair, J. & Heilman, K. M. (1993) Disruption of automatic speech following a right basal ganglia lesion. Neurology 43:1768–74. [AMB]Google Scholar
Stoel-Gammon, C. & Otomo, K. (1986) Babbling development of hearingimpaired and normally hearing subjects. Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders 51:33–41. [BH]Google Scholar
Stokoe, W. C. (2001) Language in hand: Why sign came before speech. Gallaudet University Press. [aMAA]Google Scholar
Striedter, G. (1994) The vocal control pathways in budgerigars differ from those in songbirds. Journal of Comparative Neurology 343:35–56. [IMP]Google Scholar
Studdert-Kennedy, M. (2002) Mirror neurons, vocal imitation and the evolution of particulate speech. In: Mirror neurons and the evolution of brain and language, ed. Stamenov, M. & Gallese, V., pp. 207–27. John Benjamins. [rMAA]Google Scholar
Studdert-Kennedy, M. G. & Lane, H. (1980) Clues from the differences between signed and spoken languages. In: Signed and spoken language: Biological constraints on linguistic form, ed. Bellugi, U. & Studdert-Kennedy, M.. Verlag Chemie. [PFM]Google Scholar
Suddendorf, T. (1999) The rise of the metamind. In: The descent of mind: Psychological perspectives on hominid evolution, ed. Corballis, M. C. & Lea, S. E. G., pp. 218–60. Oxford University Press. [HF]Google Scholar
Suddendorf, T. & Corballis, M. C. (1997) Mental time travel and the evolution of the human mind. Genetic, Social, and General Psychology Monographs 123(2):133–67. [HF, PNP]Google Scholar
Suddendorf, T. & Whiten, A. (2001) Mental evolution and development: Evidence for secondary representation in children, great apes, and other animals. Psychological Bulletin 127:629–50. [JHGW]Google Scholar
Supalla, T. (1986) The classifier system in American Sign Language. In: Noun classes and categorization, vol. 7 of Typological studies in language, ed. Craig, C.. John Benjamins. [aMAA]Google Scholar
Supalla, T. & Newport, E. (1978) How many seats in a chair? The derivation of nouns and verbs in American sign language. In: Understanding language through sign language research, ed. Siple, P.. Academic Press. [aMAA]Google Scholar
Sutton, D. & Jürgens, U. (1988) Neural control of vocalization. In: Comparative primate biology, vol. 4, Neurosciences. Alan R. Liss. [EG]Google Scholar
Tager-Flusberg, H. (1997) The role of theory of mind in language acquisition: Contributions from the study of autism. In: Research on communication and language disorders: Contributions to theories of language development, ed. Adamson, L. & Romski, M. A.. Paul Brookes. [HT]Google Scholar
Taira, M., Mine, S., Georgopoulos, A. P., Murata, A. & Sakata, H. (1990) Parietal cortex neurons of the monkey related to the visual guidance of hand movement. Experimental Brain Research 83:29–36. [aMAA]Google Scholar
Tallerman, M. (2004) Analyzing the analytic: Problems with holistic theories of protolanguage. Paper presented at the Fifth Biennial Conference on the Evolution of Language, Leipzig, Germany, April 2004. [rMAA, DB]Google Scholar
Théoret, H., Halligan, E., Kobayashi, M., Fregni, F., Tager-Flusberg, H. & Pascual-Leone, A. (2005) Impaired motor facilitation during action observation in individuals with autism spectrum disorder. Current Biology 15(3):R84–85. [HT]Google Scholar
Tian, B., Reser, D., Durham, A., Kustov, A. & Rauschecker, J. P. (2001) Functional specialization in rhesus monkey auditory cortex. Science 292:290–93. [JPR]Google Scholar
Tomasello, M. (1999a) The cultural origins of human cognition. Harvard University Press. [HF]Google Scholar
Tomasello, M. (1999b) The human adaptation for culture. Annual Review of Anthropology 28:509–29. [aMAA]Google Scholar
Tonkonogy, J. & Goodglass, H. (1981) Language function, foot of the third frontal gyrus, and rolandic operculum. Archives of Neurology 38:486–90. [AMB]Google Scholar
Tononi, G. & Edelman, G. M. (1998) Consciousness and complexity. Science 282:1846–51. [HF]Google Scholar
Trevarthen, C. (2001) The neurobiology of early communication: Intersubjective regulations in human brain development. In: Handbook on brain and behavior in human development, ed. Kalverboer, A. F. & Gramsbergen, A., pp. 841–82. Kluwer. [rMAA]Google Scholar
Tsiotas, G., Borghi, A. & Parisi, D. (in press) Objects and affordances: An Artificial Life simulation. Proceeding of the XVII Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society. [DP]Google Scholar
Tucker, D. M., Watson, R. T. & Heilman, K. M. (1977) Affective discrimination and evocation in patients with right parietal disease. Neurology 17:947–50. [AMB]Google Scholar
Tucker, M. & Ellis, R. (1998) On the relations between seen objects and components of potential actions. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 24(3):830–46. [DP]Google Scholar
Tucker, M. & Ellis, R. (2004) Action priming by briefly presented objects. Acta Psychologica 116:185–203. [DP]Google Scholar
Ullman, M. (2004) Contributions of memory circuits to language: The declarative procedural model. Cognition 92:231–70. [rMAA]Google Scholar
Umiltá, M. A., Kohler, E., Gallese, V., Fogassi, L., Fadiga, L., Keysers, C. & Rizzolatti, G. (2001) I know what you are doing. A neurophysiological study. Neuron 31:155–65. [aMAA]Google Scholar
Ungerleider, L. G. & Mishkin, M. (1982) Two cortical visual systems. In: Analysis of visual behaviour, ed. Ingle, D. J., Goodale, M. A. & Mansfield, R. J. W., pp. 549–86. MIT Press. [JPR]Google Scholar
Vaccari, O. & Vaccari, E. E. (1961) Pictorial Chinese-Japanese characters, 4th edition. Charles E. Tuttle. [aMAA]Google Scholar
Valenstein, E. & Heilman, K. M. (1979) Apraxic agraphia with neglect-induced paragraphia. Archives of Neurology 36:506–508. [AMB]Google Scholar
Ventner, A., Lord, C. & Schopler, E. (1992) A follow-up study of high-functioning autistic children. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 33:489–507. [HT]Google Scholar
Visalberghi, E. & Fragaszy, D. (2002) “Do monkeys ape?” Ten years after. In: Imitation in animals and artifacts, ed. Nehaniv, C. & Dautenhahn, K.. MIT Press [aMAA]Google Scholar
Voelkl, B. & Huber, L. (2000) True imitation in marmosets? Animal Behaviour 60:195–20. [aMAA]Google Scholar
Wang, X., Merzenich, M. M., Beitel, R. & Schreiner, C. E. (1995) Representation of species-specific vocalization in the primary auditory cortex of the common marmoset: Temporal and spectral characteristics. Journal of Neurophysiology 74:2685–706. [RMS]Google Scholar
Watson, R. T., Fleet, W. S., Gonzalez-Rothi, L. & Heilman, K. M. (1986) Apraxia and the supplementary motor area. Archives of Neurology 43:787–92. [AMB]Google Scholar
Weydemeyer, W. (1930) An unusual case of mimicry by a catbird. Condor 32:124–25. [WTF]Google Scholar
Wheeler, M. A., Stuss, D. T. & Tulving, E. (1997) Toward a theory of episodic memory: The frontal lobes and autonoetic consciousness. Psychological Bulletin 121(3):331–54. [HF]Google Scholar
Whiten, A. & Byrne, R. W. (1997) Machiavellian intelligence II.: Evaluations and extensions. Cambridge University Press. [JHGW]Google Scholar
Whiten, A., Goodall, J., McGrew, W. C., Nishida, T., Reynolds, V., Sugiyama, Y., Tutin, C. E. G., Wrangham, R. W. & Boesch, C. (2001) Charting cultural variation in chimpanzees. Behaviour 138:1481–516. [arMAA]Google Scholar
Whiten, A., Horner, V., Litchfield, C. & Marshall-Pescini, S. (2004) How do apes ape? Learning and Behaviour 32:36–52. [JHGW]Google Scholar
Wierzbicka, A. (1992) Semantics, culture, and cognition: Universal human concepts in culture-specific configurations. Oxford University Press. [HF]Google Scholar
Wierzbicka, A. (1993) A conceptual basis for cultural psychology. Ethos 21(2):205–31. [HF]Google Scholar
Wildgruber, D., Ackermann, H., Klose, U., Kardatzki, B. & Grodd, W. (1996) Functional lateralization of speech production at primary motor cortex: A fMRI study. NeuroReport 7:2791–95. [AMB]Google Scholar
Wilkins, W. K. & Wakefield, J. (1995) Brain evolution and neurolinguistic preconditions. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 18:161–226. [HF]Google Scholar
Williams, H. (1989) Multiple representations and auditory-motor interactions in the avian song system. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 563:148–64. [IMP]Google Scholar
Williams, J. H. G., Whiten, A., Suddendorf, T. & Perrett, D. I. (2001) Imitation, mirror neurons and autism. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews 25:287–95. [HT, JHGW]Google Scholar
Wilson, S. M., Saygin, A. P., Sereno, M. I. & Iacoboni, M. (2004) Listening to speech activates motor areas involved in speech production. Nature Neuroscience 7(7):701–702. [CB, JTK]Google Scholar
Wolpert, D. M., Doya, K. & Kawato, M. (2003) A unifying computational framework for motor control and social interaction. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B: Biological Sciences 358:593–602. [rMAA]Google Scholar
Worden, R. (1998) The evolution of language from social intelligence. In: Approaches to the evolution of language, ed. Hurford, J. R., Studdert-Kennedy, M. & Knight, C.. Cambridge University Press. [RMS]Google Scholar
Wray, A. (1998) Protolanguage as a holistic system for social interaction. Language & Communication 18:47–67. [aMAA, DB, HF, AW]Google Scholar
Wray, A. (2000) Holistic utterances in protolanguage: The link from primates to humans. In: The evolutionary emergence of language: Social function and the origins of linguistic form, ed. Knight, C., Studdert-Kennedy, M. & Hurford, J., pp. 285–302. Cambridge University Press. [aMAA, DB, HF, AW]Google Scholar
Wray, A. (2002a) Formulaic language and the lexicon. Cambridge University Press. [rMAA, WTF, AW]Google Scholar
Wray, A. (2002b) Dual processing in protolanguage: Performance without competence. In: The transition to language, ed. Wray, A., pp. 113–37. Oxford University Press. [AW]Google Scholar
Wray, A. (2004) “Here's one I prepared earlier”: Formulaic language learning on television. In: The acquisition and use of formulaic sequences, ed. Schmitt, N., pp. 249–68. John Benjamins. [AW]Google Scholar
Yu, C. & Ballard, D. H. (2004) A multimodal learning interface for grounding spoken language in sensory perceptions. ACM Transactions on Applied Perception 1:57–80. [CY]Google Scholar
Yu, C., Ballard, D. H. & Aslin, R. N. (2003) The role of embodied intention in early lexical acquisition. In: Proceedings of the 25th Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society, pp. 1293–98, ed. Alterman, R. & Kirsh, D.. Erlbaum. A long version is submitted to Journal of Cognitive Science. [CY]Google Scholar
Zatorre, R. J., Bouffard, M. & Belin, P. (2004) Sensitivity to auditory object features in human temporal neocortex. Journal of Neuroscience 24:3637–42. [JPR]Google Scholar
Zentall, T. & Akins, C. (2001) Imitation in animals: Evidence, function, and mechanisms. In: Avian visual cognition, ed. Cook, R. G.. Available online at: http://www.pigeon.psy.tufts.edu/avc/zentall/. [BI]Google Scholar
Zeshan, U. (2003) Aspects of Turk Isaret Dili (Turkish Sign Language). Sign Language & Linguistics 6(1):43–75. [KE]Google Scholar
Zoloth, S. R., Petersen, M. R., Beecher, M. D., Green, S., Marler, P., Moody, D. B. & Stebbins, W. C. (1979) Species-specific perceptual processing of vocal sounds by monkeys. Science 204:870–72. [RMS]Google Scholar
Zuberbuhler, K. (2003) Referential signaling in nonhuman primates: Cognitive precursors and limitations for the evolution of language. Advances in the Study of Behavior 33:265–307. [RMS]Google Scholar
Zuberbuhler, K., Cheney, D. L. & Seyfarth, R. M. (1999) Conceptual semantics in a nonhuman primate. Journal of Comparative Psychology 113:33–42. [RMS]Google Scholar
Zukow-Goldring, P. (1996) Sensitive caregivers foster the comprehension of speech: When gestures speak louder than words. Early Development and Parenting 5(4):195–211. [rMAA]Google Scholar