Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-s2hrs Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-20T00:05:45.843Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

A little more mortar for a firm foundation

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 May 2011

Laura Betzig
Laura Betzig
Affiliation:
Evolution & Human Behavior Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.
Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'
Type
Open Peer Commentary
Information
Behavioral and Brain Sciences , Volume 14 , Issue 2 , June 1991 , pp. 264
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1991

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Adams, M. S. & Neel, J. (1967) Children of incest. Pediatrics 40:55–61 [arNWT]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ahmed, A. H. (1979) Consanguinity and schizophrenia in Sudan. British Journal of Psychiatry 134:635–36. [AHB]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Alexander, R. D. (1974) The evolution of social behavior. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 5:325–83. [aNWT]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Alexander, R. D.Natural selection and the analysis of human sociality. The Changing Scenes in the Natural Sciences 1776-1976 12:283–337. [aNWT]Google Scholar
Alexander, R. D. (1978) Natural selection and societal laws. In: The foundation of ethics and its relationship to science, vol. 3. Ed. Callahan, T. Engelhardt&D. Hastings Institute. [aNWT]Google Scholar
Alexander, R. D. (1979) Darwinism and human affairs. University of Washington Press. [arNWT]Google Scholar
Alexander, R. D. (1981) Evolution, culture, and human behavior: Some general considerations. In: Natural selection and social behavior, ed. Alexander, R. D. & Tinkle, D. W.. Chiron Press. [aNWT]Google Scholar
Alexander, R. D. (1988) Evolutionary approaches to human behavior: What does the future hold? In: Human reproductive behavior: A Darwinian perspective, ed. Betzig, L., Borgerhoff-Mulder, M. & Turke, P.. Cambridge University Press. [rNWT]Google Scholar
Alexander, R. D. & Borgia, G. (1978) Group selection, altruism, and the levels of organization of life. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 9:449–74. [arNWr]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Alstrom, C. H. (1979) A study of incest with special reference to the Swedish penal code. Ada Psychiatrica Scandinavica 56:357–72. [FBL]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Anselin, L. (1988) Spatial econometrics. Kluwer Academic. [MMD]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baird, P. A. & MacGillivray, B. (1982) Children of incest. Journal of Pediatrics 101:854–58. [arNWT]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Barkow, J. H. (1967) Causal interpretation of correlation in cross-cultural studies. American Anthropologist 69:506–10. [JHB]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barkow, J. H. (1984) The distance between genes and culture. Journal of Anthropological Research, vol. 40. Reprinted in Approaches to Culture and Society. Journal of Anthropological Research, Special Issue 42 (3):373–85. [JHB]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barkow, J. H. (1989a) Darwin, sex, and status: Biological approaches to mind and culture. University of Toronto Press. [JHB]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barkow, J. H. (1989b) The elastic between genes and culture. Ethology and Sociobiology 10(1-3):111–29. [JHB]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barth, F. (1954) Father's brother's daughter's marriage in Kurdistan. South Western Journal of Anthropology 10:164–71. [AHB]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Basu, S. K. (1975) Effect of consanguinity among North Indian Muslims. Journal of Population Research 2:57–68. [AHB]Google Scholar
Bateson, P. P. G. (1978) Sexual imprinting and optimal outbreeding. Nature 273:659–60. [aNWT]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bateson, P. P. G. (1980) Optimal outbreeding and the development of sexual preferences in the Japanese quail. Zeitschrift fur Tierpsychology 53:231–44. [aNWT]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bateson, P. P. G. (1982a) Optimal outbreeding. In: Mate choice, ed. Bateson, P. P. G.. Cambridge University Press. [RIMB]Google Scholar
Bateson, P. P. G. (1982b) Preferences for cousins in Japanese quail. Nature 295:236–37. [aNWT, KLH]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bateson, P. P. G. (1983) Optimal outbreeding, In: Mate choice, ed. Bateson, P. P. G.. Cambridge University Press (Cambridge). [aNWT, JM, RIMD]Google Scholar
Barkow, J. H. (1989) Does evolutionary biology contribute to ethics? Biology and Philosophy 4:287–301. [aNWT]Google Scholar
Beck, B. E. F. (1972) Peasant society in Konku, a study of right and left subcastes in South India. University of British Columbia Press. [KLH]Google Scholar
Becker, G. (1976) The economic approach to human behavior. University of Chicago Press. [DGF]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Beidelman, T. O. (1971)The Kuguru: A matrilineal people of East Africa. Holt, Rinehart & Winston. [aNWT]Google Scholar
Benallegue, A. & Kedji, F. (1984) Consanguinité et santé publique: Etude algérienne. Archives Francaise de Pediatrie 41:435–40. [AHB]Google Scholar
Berger, J. & Cunningham, C. (1987) Influence of familiarity on frequency of inbreeding in wild horses. Evolution 4:229–31. [aNWT]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Betzig, L. L. (1986) Despotism and differential reproduction: A Darwinian view of history. Aldine. [arNWT, LB] (n.d.) Why monogamy? Manuscript. [rNWT]Google Scholar
Betzig, L. L., Borgerhoff-Mulder, M. & Turke, P., eds. (1989) Human reproductive behavior: A Darwinian perspective. Cambridge University Press (Cambridge). [rNWT]Google Scholar
Bittles, A. H. & Makov, E. (1989) Inbreeding in human populations: An assessment of the costs. In: Human mating patterns, ed. Mascie-Taylor, C. G. N. & Boyce, A. J.. Cambridge University Press. [rNWT]Google Scholar
Bittles, A. H., Radha Rama, Devi A. & Appaji Rao, N. (1990) Interrelationships between consanguinity, religion and fertility ir Karnataka, South India. In: Fertility and resources, ed. Land rs, J. & Reynolds, V.. Cambridge University Press. [AHB]Google Scholar
Bittles, A. H., Radha Rama, Devi A., Savithri, H. S., Rajeswari, S. & Appaji Rao, N. (1987) Consanguineous marriage and postnatal mortality in Karnataka, South India. Man (New Series) 22:736–45. [rNWT, AHB]Google Scholar
Bixler, R. (1981a) The incest controversy. Psychological Reports 49:267–83. [RHB, GCL]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bixler, R. (1981b) Primate mother-son “incest.” Psychological Reports 48:531–36. [RHB]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bixler, R. (1981c) Incest avoidance as a function of environment and heredity. Current Anthropology 22:639–54. [RHB]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bixler, R. (1982a) Sibling incest in the royal families of Egypt, Peru, and Hawaii. The Journal of Sex Research 18:264–81. [RHB]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bixler, R. (1982b) Comment on the incidence and purpose of royal sibling incest. American Ethnologist 9:580–82. [RHB]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bixler, R. (1983a) The multiple meanings of “incest.” Journal of Sex Research 19:197–201. [aNWT, RHB]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bixler, R. (1983b) Hypotheses are like people some fit, some unfit. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 6:104–05. [RHB] (in press) Do we/should we behave like animals? In: The sexual abuse of children: Theory, research and therapy, ed. O'Donohue, W. & Geer, J.. Erlbaum. [RHB]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bodmer, W. F. & Cavalli-Sforza, L. L. (1976) Genetics, evolution, and man. W. H. Freeman & Co. [aNWT]Google Scholar
Boehm, C. (1989) Ambivalence and compromise in human nature. American Anthropologist 91:921–39. [aNWT]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bohannan, P. (1967) The differing realms of the law. In: Law and warfare: Studies in the anthropology of conflict, ed. , P.Bohannan. Natural History Press. [aNWT]Google Scholar
Bohannan, P. (1968) Justice and judgment among the Tiv. Oxford University Press (for the International African Institute). [JHB]Google Scholar
Borgerhoff-Mulder, M. (1987) On cultural and biological success: Kipsigis evidence. American Anthropologist 89:617–34. [aNWT]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bourdieu, P. (1977) Outline of a theory of practice. Cambridge University Press (Cambridge). [KLH]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Campbell, D. T. & Fiske, D. W. (1959) Convergent and discriminant validation by the multitrait-multimethod matrix. Psychological Bulletin 56:85–105.[JHB]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Caro, T. M. & Borgerhoff Mulder, M. (1987) The problem of adaptation in the study of human behavior. Ethology and Sociobiology 8:61–72. [EV]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chagnon, N. A. (1979) Is reproductive success equal in egalitarian societies? In: Evolutionary biology and human social behavior, ed. Chagnon, N. A. & Irons, W. G.. Duxbury. [aNWT]Google Scholar
Chagnon, N. A. (1982) Sociodemographic attributes of nepotism in tribal populations: Man the rule breaker, In: Current problems in sociobiology, ed. Kings College Sociobiology Group. Cambridge University Press (Cambridge). [aNWT] College Sociobiology Group.Google Scholar
Chagnon, N. A. (1988a) Male Yanomamo manipulations of kinship classifications of female kin for reproductive advantage, In: Human reproductive behavior: a Darwinian perspective, ed. Betzig, L.Borgerhoff-Mulder, M. & Turke, P.. Cambridge University Press (Cambridge). [aNWT]Google Scholar
Chagnon, N. A. (1988b) Life histories, blood revenge and warfare in tribal populations. Science 239:985–92. [aNWT]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chaleby, K. & Tuma, T. A. (1987) Cousin marriages and schizophrenia in Saudi Arabia. British Journal of Psychiatry 150:547–49. [AHB]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cieza de Leon, P. de (1959) The Incas. University of Oklahoma Press. [aNWT]Google Scholar
Cobo, B. (1890–1895) History of the new world. 4 vols., HRAF translation. Don Marcos Jimenez de la Espada. [aNWT]Google Scholar
Cohen, Y. (1978) The disappearance of the incest taboo. Human Nature 1:72–78. [FBL, GCL]Google Scholar
Craig, J. L. & Jamieson, I. G. (1988) Incestuous mating in a communal bird: A family affair. The American Naturalist 131:58–70. [aNWT]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cronk, L. (1989) Wealth, status and reproductive success among the Mukogodo of Kenya. Paper presented at the 1989 meetings of the Human Behavior and Evolution Society, Evanston, IL. [aNWT]Google Scholar
Daly, M. (1982) Some caveats about cultural transmission models. Human Ecology 10:401–08. [arNWT]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Daly, M. & Wilson, M. (1988) Homicide. Aldine de Gruyter. [arNWT, RHB]Google ScholarPubMed
Daly, M., Wilson, M. & Weghorst, S. J. (1982) Male sexual jealousy. Ethology and Sociobiology 3:11–27. [aNWT]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Darlington, C. D. (1939) The evolution of genetic systems. Cambridge University Press (Cambridge). [DGF]Google Scholar
DeMott, B. (1980) The pro-incest lobby. Psychology Today 13(10): 11–16. [FBL]Google Scholar
Denton, M. (1985) Evolution: A theory in crisis. Adler & Adler. [GCL]Google Scholar
Devi, R. R., Rao, N. A. & Bittles, A. H. (1981) Consanguinity, fecundity and postnatal mortality in Karnatka, South India. Annals of Human Biology 8:469–72. [rNWT]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Divale, W. & Harris, M. (1976) Population, warfare and the male supremacist complex. American Anthropologist 78:521–38. [JHB]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dow, M. M. (1987) Subsample replication in cross-cultural surveys. American Anthropologist 89:125–33. [MMD]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dow, M. M. (1989) Categorical analysis of cross-cultural survey data: Effects of clustering on chi-square tests. Journal of Quantitative Anthropology 1:335–52. [MMD]Google Scholar
Dronamraju, K. R. & Meera Khan, P. (1963) The frequency and effects of consanguineous marriages in Andhra Pradesh. Journal of Genetics 58:387–401. [AHB]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dumont, L. (1957) Hierarchy and marriage alliance in South Indian kinship. Occasional Papers of the Royal Anthropological Institute 12. [KLH]Google Scholar
Durham, W. H. (1978) Toward a coevolutionary view of human biology and culture. In: The sociobiology debate, ed. Caplan, A.. Harper & Row. [JM]Google Scholar
Ember, M. (1975) On the origin and extension of the incest taboo. Behavior Science Research 10:249–81. [arNWT, JHB, SB]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ember, C. & Ember, M. (1971) The conditions favoring matrilocal versus patrilocal residence. American Anthropologist 73:571–94. [LB]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Essock-Vitale, S. M. (1984) The reproductive success of wealthy Americans. Ethology and Sociobiology 5:45–49. [arNWT]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Faux, S. F. & Miller, H. L. (1984) Evolutionary speculations on the oligarchic development of Mormon polygyny. Ethology and Sociobiology 5:15–31. [aNWT]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Felsenstein, J. (1984) Phylogenies and the comparative method. American Naturalist 125:1–15. [aNWT]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Flinn, M. (1981) Uterine vs. agnatic kinship variability and associated cousin marriage preferences: An evolutionary biological analysis. In: Natural selection and social behavior, ed. Alexander, R. D. & Tinkle, D. W.. Chiron Press. [aNWT]Google Scholar
Flinn, M. (1986) Correlates of reproductive success in a Caribbean village. Human Ecology 14:225–43. [aNWT]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Flinn, M. V. & Low, B. S. (1986) Resource distribution, social competition, and mating patterns in human societies. In: Ecological aspects of social evolution, ed. Rubenstein, D. I. & Wrangham, R. W.. Princeton University Press. [EV]Google Scholar
Fortes, M. (1945) The dynamics of clanship among the Tallensi. Oxford University Press. [RAP]Google Scholar
Fortes, M. (1949) Time and social structure. In: Social structure essays presented to A. R. Radcliffe-Brown, ed. Fortes, M.. Oxford University Press. [aNWT]Google Scholar
Fox, R. (1967) Kinship and marriage. Penguin Books. [aNWT]Google Scholar
Fox, R. (1980) The red lamp of incest. E. P. Dutton. [aNWT]Google Scholar
Fox, R. (1985) Paternity irrelevance and matrilineal descent. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 8:674. [aNWT]Google Scholar
Freedman, D. G. (1990) The theory of logical typing: Context and paradox. Human Ethology Newsletter 5:4–6. [DGF]Google Scholar
Freud, S. (1913) Totem and taboo. Vintage Books. [aNWT]Google Scholar
Fox, R. (1953) A general introduction to psychoanalysis. Translated by Riviere, J.. Pocket Books. [arNWT]Google Scholar
Galton, F. (1889) Comment on Tylor. Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute 18:272–75. [aNWT]Google Scholar
Galton, F. (1892) Hereditary genius. World. [RHB]Google Scholar
Gaulin, S. J. C. & Schlegel, A. (1980) Paternal confidence and paternal investment: A cross cultural test of a sociobiological hypothesis. Ethology and Sociobiology 1:301–09. [aNWT]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Getz, L. L., Carter, C. S. & Gavish, L. (1981) The mating system of the prairie vole, Microtus ochrogaster: Field and laboratory evidence for pairbonding. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 8:189–94. [JMon]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ginter, E. K., Garkavtzeva, R. F. & Revazov, A. A. (1980) Population structure and hereditary diseases in Uzbekistan. In: Population structure and genetic disorders, ed. Eriksson, A. W.Forsius, H. R.Nevanlinna, H. R.Workman, P. L. & Norio, R. K.. Academic Press. [AHB]Google Scholar
Good, A. (1978) Kinship and ritual in a South Indian micro-region. Ph.D. Thesis: University of Durham. [KLH]Google Scholar
Ginter, E. K. (1980) Elder sister's daughter marriage in South Asia. Journal of Anthropological Research 36:474–500. [KLH]Google Scholar
Ginter, E. K. (1981) Prescription, preference, and practice: Marriage patterns among the Kondaiyankottai Maravar of South India. Man (N.S.) 16(1):108–29. [KLH]Google Scholar
Goodenough, W. H. (1951) Property, kin, and community on Truk. Yale University Publications in Anthropology 46:1–191. [aNWT]Google Scholar
Goodenough, W. H. (1953) Ethnographic notes on the Mae people of New Guinea's western highlands. Southwestern Journal of Anthropology 9:29–44. [FBL]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goody, J. (1956) A comparative approach to incest and adultery. British Journal of Sociology 7:286–305. [aNWT]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gough, K. (1956) Brahman kinship in a Tamil village. American Anthropologist 58(5):826–53. [KLH]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gourou, P. (1935) The peasants of the Tonkin delta: A study of human geography, HRAF translation. Editions d'Art et d'Histoire. [aNWT]Google Scholar
Govinda Reddy, P. (1988) Consanguineous marriages and marriage payment: A study among three South Indian caste groups. Annals of Human Biology 15:263–68. [AHB]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gowlett, J. A. J. (1984) Ascent to civilization. Collins. [MEH]Google Scholar
Greenberg, G. & Tobach, E., eds. (1988) Evolution of social behavior and integrative levels. Erlbaum. [DGF]Google Scholar
Greene, P. (1978) Promiscuity, paternity, and culture. American Ethnologist 5:151–59. [aNWT]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hafez, M., El-Tahan, H., Awadalla, M., El-Khayat, H., Abdel-Gafar, A. & Ghoneim, M. (1983) Consanguineous matings in the Egyptian population. Journal of Medical Genetics 20:58–60. [AHB]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hall, P. D. (1974) Marital selection and business in Massachusetts merchant families, 1700-1900. In: The family, ed. Coser, R. L. St. Martin's. [aNWT]Google Scholar
Hamamy, H. A. & Al-Hakkak, Z. S. (1989) Consanguinity and reproductive health in Iraq. Human Heredity 39:271–75. [AHB]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hamilton, W. D. (1980) Sex versus non-sex versus parasite. Oikos 35:282–90. [aNWT]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hamilton, W. D. (1982) Pathogens as causes of genetic diversity in their host populations. In: Population biology of infectious diseases, ed. Anderson, R. M. & May, R. M.. Springer-Verlag. [aNWT]Google Scholar
Hann, K. L. (1985a) The incidence of relation marriage in Karnataka, South India. South Asia Research 5(1):59–72. [KLH]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hann, K. L. (1985b) Inbreeding and fertility in a South Indian population. Annals of Human Biology 12(3):267–74. [KLH]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hann, K. L. (1988) Inbreeding and fertility in a South Indian population. Ph.D. Thesis, University of London. [KLH]Google Scholar
Harris, M. (1987) Cultural anthropology, 2nd ed. Harper & Row. [JHB]Google Scholar
Hart, C. W. M. & Pilling, A. R. (1960) The Tiwi of North Australia. Holt, Rinehart & Winston. [FBL]Google Scholar
Hartung, J. (1985a) Matrilineal inheritance: New theory and analysis. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 8:661–70. [aNWT]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hartung, J. (1985b) Review of Incest: A biosocial view by J. Shepher. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 67:169–71. [FBL]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hill, K. & Kaplan, H. (1985) Hunting ability and reproductive success among male Ache foragers: Preliminary results. Current Anthropology 26:131–33. [aNWT]Google Scholar
Ho, M. & Saunders, P., eds. (1984) Beyond neo-Darwinism. An introduction to the new evolutionary paradigm. Academic Press. [GCL]Google Scholar
Hoernle, A. W. (1925) The social organization of Nama Hottentots of Southwest Africa. American Anthropologist 27:1–24. [aNWT]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hohenwart-Gerlachstein, A. (1952) Ziir Geschwisterehe in alten Agypten und in Afrika. Weiner Beitrage ziir Kulturgeschichte und Linguistik 9:234–43. [RHB]Google Scholar
Hopkins, K. (1980) Brother-sister marriage in Roman Egypt. Comparative Studies in Society and History 22:303–54. [aNWT]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Huey, R. B. (1987) Phytogeny, history and the comparative method. In: New Directions in Physiological Ecology, ed. Feder, M. E.Bennett, A. F., W. W. Buggren & Huey, R. B.. Cambridge University Press (Cambridge). [aNWT]Google Scholar
Hughes, A. (1982) Preferential first cousin marriage and inclusive fitness. Ethology and Sociobiology 1:311–18. [aNWT]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hughes, A. (1986) Reproductive success and occupational class in 18th century Lancashire, England. Social Biology 33:109–15. [aNWT]Google ScholarPubMed
Hussein, F. H. (1971) Endogamy in Egyptian Nubia. Journal of Biosocial Science 3:251–57. [KLH]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ingold, T. (1990) An anthropologist looks at biology. Man 25:208–29. [RIMD]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Irons, W. (1979) Cultural and biological success. In: Evolutionary biology and human social behavior, ed. Chagnon, N. A. & Irons, W. G.. Duxbury. [aNWT]Google Scholar
Irons, W. (1980) Is Yomut social behavior adaptive? In: Sociobiology: Beyond nature nurture?, ed. Barlow, G. W. & Silverberg, J.. Westview Press. [aNWT]Google Scholar
Irons, W. (1981) Why lineage exogamy? In: Natural selection and social behavior, ed. Alexander, R. D. & Tinkle, D. W.. Chiron. [aNWT]Google Scholar
Irons, W. (1983) Evolutionary biology and human fertility. Human Ecology 11:134–41. [aNWT]Google Scholar
Jaenike, J. (1978) An hypothesis to account for the maintenance of sex within populations. Evolutionary Theory 3:191–94. [aNWT]Google Scholar
Kapadia, K. M. (1958) Marriage and family in India, 2nd ed. Oxford University Press. [AHB]Google Scholar
Khlat, M. (1988) Social correlates of consanguineous marriages in Beirut: A population-based study. Human Biology 60:541–48. [AHB]Google ScholarPubMed
Kitcher, P. (1985) Vaulting ambition. MIT Press. [GCL]Google Scholar
Kobben, A. J. F. (1967) Why exceptions? The logic of cross-cultural analysis. Current Anthropology 8:3–19. [MMD]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kurland, J. A. (1979) Paternity, mother's brother, and human sociality. In: Evolutionary biology and human social behavior: An anthropological perspective, ed. Chagnon, N. A. & Irons, W. G.. Duxbury Press. [aNWT]Google Scholar
Lancaster, C. (1985) Matrilineal inheritance: Sociobiological versus ethnological interpretations. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 8:676–77. [aNWT]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lave, J. C. (1966) A formal analysis of preferential marriage with the sister's daughter. Man (N.S.) 1:185–200. [KLH]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Leach, E. R. (1961) Rethinking anthropology. Athlone Press. [aNWT]Google Scholar
Leavitt, G. C. (1989) Disappearance of the incest taboo: A cross-cultural test of general evolutionary hypotheses. American Anthropologist 91:116–31. [rNWT, FBL, GCL]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Leavitt, G. C. (1990) Sociobiological explanations of incest avoidance: A critical review of evidential claims. American Anthropologist 92. [GCL]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lenski, G. (1966) Power and privilege. A theory of social stratification. McGraw-Hill. [GCL]Google Scholar
Lenski, G. & Lenski, J. (1978) Human societies. McGraw-Hill. [GCL]Google Scholar
Levi-Strauss, C. (1969a) The elementary structures of kinship (trans. Bell, J. H.von Sturmer, J. R. & Needham, R.). Beacon Press. [aNWT, RAP]Google Scholar
Levi-Strauss, C. (1969b) The elementary structures of kinship. Eyre & Spottiswoode. [KLH]Google Scholar
Lewontin, R. C. (1970) The units of selection. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 1:1–18. [arNWI]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Malinowski, B. (1927) Sex and repression in savage society. Routledge & Kegan Paul. [KCM]Google Scholar
Malinowski, B. (1929) The sexual life of savages in northwestern Melanesia. Routledge. [arNWI]Google Scholar
Mayr, E. (1982) The growth of biological thought: Diversity, evolution and inheritance. Harvard University Press. [aNWT, RHB]Google Scholar
McCabe, S. (1983) FBD marriage: Further support for the Westermarck hypothesis of the incest taboo? American Anthropologist 85:50–69. [aNWT]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McCormack, W. (1958) Sister's daughter marriage in a Mysore village. Man in India 38:34–48. [KLH]Google Scholar
Meiselman, K. C. (1978) Incest: A psychological study of causes and effects with treatment recommendations. Jossey-Bass. [KCM]Google Scholar
Meiselman, K. C. (1990) Resolving the trauma of incest: Reintegration therapy with survivors. Jossey-Bass. [KCM]Google Scholar
Merker, M. (1910) The Masai: Ethnographic monograph of an East African Semite people. HRAF translation. Dietrich Reimer. [aNWT]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Middleton, R. (1962) Brother-sister and father-daughter marriage in ancient Egypt. American Sociological Review 27:603–11. [RHB]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Montagu, Ashley (1974) Coming into being among Aborigines, 2nd ed. Routledge & Kegan Paul. [FBL]Google Scholar
Moore, J. (in press) Inbreeding and outbreeding in primates: What's wrong with “the dispersing sex”? In: The natural history of inbreeding and outbreeding, ed. Thornhill, N. W. & Shields, W. M.. University of Chicago Press. [JM]Google Scholar
Moore, J. & Ali, R. (1984) Are dispersal and inbreeding avoidance related? Animal Behavior 32:94–112. [JM]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Morgan, H. D. (1826) The doctrine and law of marriage, adultery and divorce, vol. I. W. Baxter. [aNWT]Google Scholar
Morton, N. E. (1961) Morbidity of children from consanguineous marriages. Progress in Medical Genetics 1:261–91. [KLH]Google Scholar
Morton, N. E., Crow, J. F. & Muller, H. J. (1956) An estimate of the mutational damage in man from data on consanguineous marriages. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 42:855–63. [JFC]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Murdock, G. P. (1949a) Social structure. MacMillan. [aNWT, MMD, KCM, RAP]Google Scholar
Murdock, G. P. (1949b) World ethnographic sample. American Anthropologist 59:664–87. [KLH]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Murdock, G. P. (1967) Ethnographic atlas. Ethnology 6:109–236. [aNWT]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Murdock, G. P. (1972) Anthropology's mythology. Proceedings of the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland for 1971: 17–24. [RHB]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Murdock, G. P. & Provost, C. (1980) Measurement of cultural complexity. In: Cross-cultural samples and codes, ed. Barry, H. & Schlegel, A.. University of Pittsburgh Press. [aNWT]Google Scholar
Murdock, G. P. & White, D. R. (1980) The standard cross-cultural sample and its codes. In: Cross-cultural samples and codes, ed. Barry, H. & Schlegel, A.. University of Pittsburgh Press. [arNWT]Google Scholar
Murdock, G. P. & Wilson, S. J. (1980) Settlement patterns and community organization: Cross-cultural codes 3. In: Cross-cultural samples and codes, ed. Barry, H. & Schlegel, A.. University of Pittsburgh Press. [aNWT]Google Scholar
Murphy, R. F. & Quain, B. (1955) The Trumai Indians of Central Brazil. J. J. Augustin. [aNWT]Google Scholar
Naderi, S. (1979) Congenital abnormalities in newborns of consanguineous and nonconsanguineous parents. Obstetrics and Gynecology 53:195–99. [AHB]Google ScholarPubMed
Narroll, R. & Cohen, R. (1970) A handbook of method in cultural anthropology. Natural History Press. [rNWT]Google Scholar
Needham, R. (1956) Review: Marriage authority and final causes, 1955. American Journal of Sociology 62:107–08. [KLH]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Needham, R. (1973) Prescription. Oceania 43(3): 106–81. [KLH]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Neel, J. V. & Ward, J. H. (1970) Village and tribal genetic distances among American Indians, and the possible implications for human evolution. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 65:323–30. [DGF]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
O'Brien, S. J., Roelke, M. E., Marker, L., Newman, A., Winkler, C. A., Metzler, D., Colly, L., Everman, J. F., Bush, M. & Wildt, D. E. (1985) Genetic basis for species vulnerability in the cheetah. Science 227:1428–34. [aNWT]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Packer, C. (1979) Inter-group transfer and inbreeding avoidance in Papio anubis. Animal Behavior 27:1–36. [aNWT]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pagel, M. D. & Harvey, P. H. (1988) Recent developments in the analysis of comparative data. Quarterly Review of Biology 63:413–40. [aNWT]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Parker, H. & Parker, S. (1986) Father-daughter sexual abuse: An emerging perspective. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry 56:531–49. [arNWT, KCM]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Parsons, T. (1954) The incest taboo in relation to social structure and the socialization of the child. British Journal of Sociology 5:101–07. [aNWT]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pastner, C. M. (1986) The Westermarck hypothesis and first cousin marriage: The cultural modification of negative imprinting. Journal of Anthropological Research 24:573–86. [aNWT]Google Scholar
Paul, R. A. (1976) Did the primal crime take place? Ethos 4:311–52. [aNWT]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Philippe, P. (1974) Amenorrhea, intrauterine mortality and parental consanguinity in an isolated French Canadian population. Human Biology 46:405–24. [KLH]Google Scholar
Plomin, R., DeFries, J. C. & McClearn, G. E. (1990) Behavioral genetics. A primer, 2nd ed. W. H. Freeman & Company. [WEC]Google Scholar
Podolesfsky, A. (1984) Contemporary warfare in the New Guinea Highlands. Ethnology 23:73–87. [EV]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pospisil, L. J. (1958) Papauku Papuans and their law. Yale University Press. [aNWT]Google Scholar
Price, M. V. & Waser, N. M. (1979) Pollen dispersal and optimal outcrossing in Delphinium nelsoni. Nature 277:294–97. [aNWT]Google Scholar
Pritchard, J. B. (1969) Ancient Near East texts, 3rd ed. Princeton University Press. [RHB]Google Scholar
Radcliffe-Brown, A. R. (1948/1952) The Andaman Islanders. The Free Press. [SB]Google Scholar
Radcliffe-Brown, A. R. (1965) Structure and function in primitive society. The Free Press. [RAP]Google Scholar
Radha Rama Devi, A., Appaji Rao, N. & Bittles, A. H. (1981) Consanguinity, fecundity and post-natal mortality in Karnataka, South India. Annals of Human Biology 8(5):469–72. [rNWT, KLH]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rails, K. & Ballou, J. (1986) Captive breeding programs for populations with a small number of founders. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 1:19–22. [aNWT]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rails, K., Ballou, J. & Templeton, A. (1988) Estimates of lethal equivalents and the cost of inbreeding in mammals. Conservation Biology 2:185–93. [FBL]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rails, K., Brugger, K. & Ballou, J. (1979) Inbreeding and juvenile mortality in small populations of ungulates. Science 206:1101–03. [aNWT]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rails, K., Brugger, K. & Glick, A. (1980) Deleterious effects of inbreeding in a herd of captive Dorcas gazelles. International Zoo Yearbook 20:137–46. [aNWT]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rami Reddy, V. & Chandrasekhar Reddy, B. K. (1979) Consanguinity effects on fertility and mortality among the Reddis of Chittoor District (A.P.) South India. Indian Journal of Heredity 11:77–88. [AHB]Google Scholar
Rami Reddy, V. & Papa Rao, A. (1978) Effects of parental consanguinity on fertility, mortality and morbidity among the Pattusalis of Tirupati, South India. Human Heredity 28(3):226–34. [KLH]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rancour-Laferriere, D. (1985) Signs of the flesh: An essay on the evolution of hominid sexuality. Mouton de Gruyter. [DHS]Google Scholar
Rao, J. N. K. & Scott, A. J. (1981) The analysis of categorical data from complex sample surveys. Journal of the American Statistical Association 76:221–30. [MMD]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rao, J. N. K. & Scott, A. J. (1984) On chi-square tests for multiway contingency tables with cell proportions estimated from survey data. Annals of Statistics 12:46–60. [MMD]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rao, P. S. S. & Inbaraj, S. G. (1977) Inbreeding in Tamil Nadu, South India. Social Biology 24 (4):281–88. [KLH]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rao, P. S. S. & Inbaraj, S. G. (1979) Inbreeding effects on fertility and sterility in Southern India. Journal of Medical Genetics 16:24–31. [rNWT, AHB]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Redfield, R. (1967) Primitive law. In: Law and warfare: Studies in the anthropology of conflict, ed. Bohannan, P.. Natural History Press. [aNWT]Google Scholar
Reid, R. M. (1971) Marriage patterns, demography, and population genetics in a South Indian caste: A study of inbreeding in a human population. Doctoral thesis, University of Illinois. [KLH]Google Scholar
Reid, R. M. (1973) Inbreeding in human populations. In: Methods and theories of anthropological genetics, ed. Crawford, M. H. & Workman, P. L.. University of New Mexico Press. [KLH]Google Scholar
Reid, R. M. (1976a) Effects of consanguineous marriage and inbreeding on couple fertility and offspring mortality in rural Sri Lanka. Human Biology 48:139–46. [AHB]Google ScholarPubMed
Reid, R. M. (1976b) Effects of consanguineous marriage and inbreeding on couple fertility and offspring mortality in rural Sri Lanka. In: Anthropological studies of human fertility, ed. Kaplan, B. A.. Wayne State University Press. [KLH]Google Scholar
Rice, W. (1989) Analyzing tables of statistical tests. Evolution 43:223–25. [rNWT]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Richards, A. I. (1950) Some types of family structure amongst the Central Bantu of Kenya. In: African systems of kinship and marriage, ed. Radcliffe-Brown, A. R. & Ford, C. D.. Oxford University Press. [aNWT]Google Scholar
Ridley, M. (1983) The explanation of organic diversity. Oxford University Press. [aNWT]Google Scholar
Ridley, M. (1989) Why not use species in comparative tests? Journal of Theoretical Biology 136:361–64. [aNWT]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rowe, J. (1946) Inca culture at the time of the Spanish Conquest. In: The Andean civilizations, vol. 2, ed. Steward, J.. United States Government Printing Office. [RHB]Google Scholar
Rowley, I., Russell, E. & Brooker, M. (1986) Inbreeding: Benefits may outweigh costs. Animal Behavior 34:939. [aNWT]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Saedi-Wong, S., Al-Frayh, R. A. & Wong, H. Y. H. (1989) Socio-economic epidemiology of consanguineous matings in the Saudi Arabian population. Journal of Asian and African Studies 24:247–51. [AHB]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sahlins, M. D. (1976) The use and abuse of biology. The University of Michigan Press. [DGF, JM]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sanghvi, L. D. (1966) Inbreeding in India. Eugenics Quarterly 13:291–301. [AHB]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Schapera, I. (1930) The Khosian peoples of South Africa: Bushmen and Hottentots. George Routledge & Sons. [aNWT]Google Scholar
Schlegel, A. (1972) Male dominance and female autonomy in matrilineal societies. HRAF Press. [aNWT]Google Scholar
Schneider, D. M. (1956) Attempts to account for the incest taboo. Unpublished paper cited in Shepher J. (1983) Incest: A biological view. Academic Press. [aNWT]Google Scholar
Schneider, D. M. (1976) The meaning of incest. The Journal of the Polynesian Society 85:149–69. [aNWT]Google Scholar
Schneider, D. M. & Gough, K. (1961) Matrilineal kinship. University of California Press. [aNWT]Google Scholar
Schull, W. J. & Neel, J. V. (1965) The effects of inbreeding on Japanese children. Harper & Row. [aNWT, AHB, JFC, FBL]Google Scholar
Schull, W. J. & Neel, J. V. (1972) The effects of parental consanguinity and inbreeding in Hirado, Japan. V. Summary and interpretation. American Journal of Human Genetics 24:425–53. [AHB]Google ScholarPubMed
Schull, W. J., Furusho, T., Yamamoto, M., Nagano, H. & Komatsu, I. (1970) The effect of parental consanguinity and inbreeding in Hirado, japan. IV. Fertility and reproductive compensation. Humangenetik 9:294–315. [AHB]Google ScholarPubMed
Schull, W. J., Nagano, H., Yamamoto, M. & Komatsu, I. (1970) The effects of parental consanguinity and inbreeding in Hirado, Japan. I. Stillbirths and prereproductive mortality. American Journal of Human Genetics 22:239–62. [AHB]Google ScholarPubMed
Schultze, F. (1860) The Nama, HRAF translation. Jena. [aNWT]Google Scholar
Scott, A. J. & Rao, J. N. K. (1981) Chi-square tests for contingency tables with proportions estimated from survey data. In: Current topics in survey sampling, ed. Krewski, D.Platek, R., & Rao, J. N. K.. Academic Press. [MMD]Google Scholar
Seger, J. & Hamilton, W. D. (1988) Parasites and sex. In: The evolution of sex, ed. by Michod, R. E. & Levin, B. R.. Sinauer. [aNWT]Google Scholar
Seligman, B. Z. (1929) Incest and descent: Their influence on social organization. Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute 59:231–72. [aNWT]Google Scholar
Seligman, B. Z. (1932) The incest barrier: Its role in social organization. British Journal of Psychology 22:250–76. [aNWT]Google Scholar
Seligman, B. Z. (1935) The incest taboo as social regulation. The Sociological Review 27:75–93. [aNWF]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Serpenti, L. M. (1965) Cultivators in the swamps. Assen. [aNWT]Google Scholar
Service, E. R. (1985) A century of controversy: Ethnological issues from 1860-1960. Academic Press. [aNWT]Google Scholar
Shami, S. A. & Zahida, (1982) Study of consanguineous marriages in the population of Lahore. Biologia 28:1–15. [AHB]Google Scholar
Shami, S. A., Schmitt, L. H. & Bittles, A. H. (1990) Consanguinity, spousal age at marriage and fertility in seven Pakistani Punjab cities. Annals of Human Biology 17:97–105. [AHB]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Shepher, J. (1971) Self-imposed incest avoidance and exogamy in second generation Kibbutz adults. University Microfilms. [aNWT]Google Scholar
Shepher, J. (1983) Incest: A biosocial view. Academic Press. [aNWT, DHS]Google Scholar
Shields, W. M. (1983) Philopatry, inbreeding and the evolution of sex. SUNY Press. [aNWT, JFC, JM]Google Scholar
Skinner, C. J., Holt, D. & Smith, T. M. F. (1989) Analysis of complex surveys. John Wiley & Sons. [MMD]Google Scholar
Smock, A. C. (1977) The impact of modernization on women's position in the family in Ghana. In: Sexual stratification: A cross-cultural view, ed. Schlegel, A.. Columbia University Press. [aNWT]Google Scholar
Spain, D. H. (1987) The Westermarck-Freud incest-theory debate: An evaluation and reformulation. Current Anthropology 28(5):623–45. [aNWT, RAP, DHS]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Spain, D. H. (1988a) Taboo or not taboo: Is that the question? Ethos 16:285–301. [DHS]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Spain, D. H. (1988b) Incest theory: Are there 3 aversions? Journal of Psychohistory 15:235–80. [arNWT]Google Scholar
Spiro, M. E. (1958) Children of the kibbutz. Harvard University Press. [aNWT]Google Scholar
Spiro, M. E. (1982) Oedipus in the Trobriarids. University of Chicago Press. [aNWT]Google Scholar
Stephens, W. N. (1962) The Oedipus complex hypothesis: Cross-cultural evidence. Free Press of Glencoe. [PK]Google Scholar
Stewart, K. J. & Harcourt, A. H. (1987) Gorillas: Variations in female relationships. In: Primate societies, ed Smuts, B. B.Cheney, D. L.Seyfarth, R. M.Wrangham, R. W. & Struhsaker, T. T.. University of Chicago Press. [JM]Google Scholar
Symons, D. (1979) The evolution of human sexuality. Cambridge University Press (Cambridge). [rNWT]Google Scholar
Symons, D. (1989) A critique of Darwinian anthropology. Ethology and Sociobiology 10:131–44. [JHB, EV]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Symons, D. (in press) On the use and misuse of Darwinism in the study of human behavior. In: The adapted mind, ed. Barkow, J.Cosmides, L. & Tooby, J.. Oxford University Press. [JHB]Google Scholar
Textor, R. B. (1967) A cross-cultural summary. HRAF Press. [rNWT, JHB]Google Scholar
Thornhill, N. W. (1987) Rules of mating and marriage pertaining to relatives: An evolutionary biological analysis. Ph.D. dissertation, University of New Mexico. [arNWT]Google Scholar
Thornhill, N. W. (1990a) The comparative method of biology in the study of the societies of history. The International Journal of Comparative Sociology 27:7–28. [arNWT, RHB]Google Scholar
Thornhill, N. W. (1990b) An evolutionary analysis of incest rules. Ethology and Sociobiology 11:113–29. [arNWT, RHB]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thornhill, N. W. (in press) Human inbreeding. In: The natural history of inbreeding and outbreeding: Theoretical and empirical perspectives, ed. Thornhill, N. W.. The University of Chicago Press. [arNWT, RHB]Google Scholar
Thornhill, N. W. & Thornhill, R. (1985) Matriliny, sexual selection, and conflict. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 8:679–80. [aNWT]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thornhill, N. W. & Thornhill, R. (1987) Rules of mating and marriage pertaining to relatives. In: Psychology and sociobiology: Ideas, issues and applications, ed. Crawford, C.Smith, M. & Krebs, C.. Erlbaum. [arNWT, RHB]Google Scholar
Thornhill, N. W. & Shields, W. M. (in press) The natural history of inbreeding and outbreeding: Theoretical and empirical perspectives. The University of Chicago Press. [aNWT]Google Scholar
Thornhill, R. & Thornhill, N. W. (1983) Human rape: An evolutionary analysis. Ethology and Sociobiology 4:137–73. [aNWT]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thornhill, R. & Thornhill, N. W. (1987) Human rape: The strengths of the evolutionary perspective. In: Psychology and sociobiology: Ideas, issues and applications, ed. Crawford, C., Smith, M. & Krebs, C.. Erlbaum. [aNWT]Google Scholar
Thornhill, R. & Thornhill, N. W. (1991) Coercive sexuality of men as evolutionary adaptation. In: Sexual coercion, ed. Grauerholz, E. & Koralewski, M.. Lexington. [rNWT]Google Scholar
Tooby, J. (1982) Pathogens, polymorphisms, and the evolution of sex. Journal of Theoretical Biology 97:557–76. [aNWT]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tooby, J. & Cosmides, L. (1989) Evolutionary psychology and the generation of culture, Part I: Theoretical considerations. Ethology and Sociobiology 10:29–50. [arNWr, JHB]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tuncbilek, E. & Ulusoy, M. (1989) Consanguinity in Turkey in 1988. Turkish Journal of Population Studies 11:35–46. [AHB]Google ScholarPubMed
Turke, P. (1990) Which humans behave adaptively, and why does it matter? Ethology and Sociobiology 11. [JHB]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Turke, P. & Betzig, L. L. (1985) Those who can do: Wealth, status, and reproductive success on Ifaluk. Ethology and Sociobiology 6:79–87. [aNWT]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tylor, E. B. (1889) On a method of investigating the development of institutions applied to laws of marriage and descent. Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute 18:245–72. [arNWT]Google Scholar
Van den Berghe, P. (1980) Incest and exogamy: A sociobiological reconsideration. Ethology and Sociobiology 1:151–62. [aNWT]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Van den Berghe, P. (1983) Human inbreeding avoidance: Culture in nature. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 6:91–123. [aNWT, GCL]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Van den Berghe, P. (1987a) Incest taboos and avoidance: Some African applications. In: Psychology and sociobiology: Ideas, issues and applications, ed. Crawford, C.Smith, M. & Krebs, D.. Erlbaum. [rNWT, PAR]Google Scholar
Van den Berge, P. L. (1987b) Commentary. Current Anthropology 28:638–39. [aNWT]Google Scholar
Van den Berghe, P. & Mesher, G. (1980) Royal incest and inclusive fitness. American Ethnologist 7:300–13. [aNWT]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Voland, E. & Engel, C. (1990) Female choice in humans: A conditional mate choice strategy of the Krummhorn women (Germany 1720-1874). Ethology 84:114–54. [aNWT]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wade, M. (1978) A critical review of the models of group selection. Quarterly Review of Biology 53:101–14. [DGF]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wallen, K. (1989) Mate selection: Economics and affection. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 12:37–38. [PAR]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Waser, P. M., Austad, S. N. & Keane, B. (1986) When should animals tolerate inbreeding? American Naturalist 128:529–37. [RIMD]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Westermarck, E. A. (1891) The history of human marriage. Macmillan. [aNWT, DGF, SG]Google Scholar
Westermarck, E. A. (1926) The history of human marriage (reprint). Macmillan. [GCL]Google Scholar
White, D. R. (1988) Rethinking polygyny: Co-wives, codes and cultural systems. Current Anthropology 29:529–72. [aNWT]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
White, D. R. & Burton, M. (1988) Causes of polygyny. American Anthropologist 90:871–87. [aNWT]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
White, L. A. (1948) The definition and prohibition of incest. American Anthropologist 50:416–35. [aNWT]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Whiting, J. W. M. & Child, I. (1953) Child training and personality: A crosscultural study. Yale University Press. [JHB]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wildt, D. E., Bush, M., Goodrowe, K. L., Packer, C., Pusey, A. E., Brown, J. L., Joslin, P. & O'Brien, S. J. (1987) Reproductive and genetic consequences of founding isolated lion populations. Nature 329:328–31. [aNWT]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Williams, G. C. (1966) Adaptation and natural selection. Princeton University Press. [arNWT]Google Scholar
Williams, G. C. (1985) A defense of reductionism in evolutionary biology. In: Oxford surveys in evolutionary biology, vol. 2, ed. Dawkins, R. & Ridley, M.. Oxford University Press (Oxford). [rNWT]Google Scholar
Wilson, D. S. (1980) The natural selection of populations and communities. Benjamin/Cummings. [DGF]Google Scholar
Wilson, E. O. (1975) Sociobiology: The new synthesis. Belknap-Harvard. [DGF]Google Scholar
Wolf, A. P. (1966) Childhood association, sexual attraction and the incest taboo: A Chinese case. American Anthropologist 68:883–98. [aNWT, DHS]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wolf, A. P. (1970) Childhood association and sexual attraction: A further test of the Westermarck hypothesis. American Anthropologist 72:503–15. [aNWT, DHS]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wolf, A. P. (1987) Commentary. Current Anthropology 28:639–41. [aNWT]Google Scholar
Wolf, A. P. & Huang, C. (1980) Marriage and adoption in China, 1845-1945. Stanford University Press. [aNWT]Google Scholar
Wolfe, L. & Gray, L. (1981) Comment on Gaulin and Schlegel. Ethology and Sociobiology 2:99–102. [aNWT]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wright, S. (1968) Evolution and genetics of populations, vol. 1. Genetic and biometric foundations. University of Chicago Press. [DGF]Google Scholar
Yengoyan, A. A. (1968) Demographic and ecological influences on aboriginal Australian marriage sections. In: Man the hunter, ed. Lee, R. B. & DeVore, I.. Aldine. [KLH]Google Scholar
Ziskind, J. R. (1988) Legal rules in the ancient Near East. Revue Internationale des Droits de L'antiquite 35(3):79–109. [RHB]Google Scholar