Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-ndw9j Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-12T19:36:13.775Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The evolution of human sexuality revisited

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  04 February 2010

Donald Symons
Donald Symons
Affiliation:
Department of Anthropology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Calif. 93106
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.
Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'
Type
Author's Response
Information
Behavioral and Brain Sciences , Volume 3 , Issue 2 , June 1980 , pp. 203 - 214
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1980

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Adams, D. B.; Gold, A. R.; and Burt, A. D. (1978) Rise in female-initiated sexual activity at ovulation and its suppression by oral contraceptives. New England Journal of Medicine 299:1145–50. [MD, HDS]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Alexander, R. D. (1975) The search for a general theory of behavior. Behavioral Science 20:77–100 [DS]Google Scholar
Alexander, R. D., and Noonan, K. M. (1978) Concealment of ovulation, parental care and human social evolution. In Evolutionary biology and human social organization, ed. Chagnon, N. A. and Irons, W. G.. North Scituate, Mass.: Duxbury Press. [JA, JBL]Google Scholar
Alexander, R. D., Hoogland, J. L.; Howard, R. D.; Noonan, K. M.; and Sherman, P. W. (1979) Sexual dimorphisms and breeding systems in pinnipeds, ungulates, primates, and humans. In Evolutionary biology and human social behavior: an anthropological perspective, ed. Chagnon, N. A. and Irons, W., pp. 402–35. North Scituate, Mass.: Duxbury Press. [JBL, DS]Google Scholar
Allen, E. et al. (1976) Sociobiology: another biological determinism. BioScience 26:182–86. [MRu]Google Scholar
Barash, D. P. (1975) Ecology of paternal behavior in the hoary marmot (Marmota caligata): an evolutionary interpretation. Journal of Mammalogy 56:613–18. [WCM]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barash, D. P. (1977) Sociobiology and behavior. New York: Elsevier North-Holland. [DS]Google Scholar
Barash, D. P. (1978) Rape among mallards. Science 201:282. [DS]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bard, M., and Ellison, K. (1974) Crisis intervention and investigation of forcible rape. Police Chief 41:68–74. [GG]Google Scholar
Bardwick, J. M. (1971) Psychology of women. New York: Harper and Row. [MRu]Google Scholar
Barkow, J. H. (1978) Evolution and human sexuality, (ms.) Published as Evolution et sexualité, in La sexualité humaine: texte fondamentaux, ed. Crepault, C. and Lévy, J.. Montreal: Presse de l'Université du Québec. [GEK]Google Scholar
Bartell, G. D. (1971) Group sex: a scientist's eyewitness report on the American way of swinging. New York: Peter H. Wyden. [DS]Google Scholar
Bateson, G. (1979) Mind and nature: a necessary unity. New York: E. P. Dutton. [JRH]Google Scholar
Baurn, M. J.; Slob, A. K.; De Jong, F. H.; and Westbroek, D. L. (1978) Persistence of sexual behavior in ovariectomized stumptail macaques following dexamethasone treatment or adrenalectomy. Hormones and Behavior 11:323–47. [HDS]Google Scholar
Beach, F. A. (1974) Human sexuality and evolution. In Reproductive behavior, ed. Montagna, W. and Sadler, W. A., pp. 333–65. New York: Plenum. [DS]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bell, A. P., and Weinberg, M. S. (1978) Homosexualities: a study of diversity among men and women. New York: Simon and Schuster. [MRu, DS]Google Scholar
Ben-Horin, D. (1975) Is rape a sex crime? Nation 221:112–15. [GG]Google Scholar
Benshoof, L., and Thornhill, R. (1979, in press) The evolution of monogamy and concealed ovulation in humans. Journal of Social and Biological Structures 2. [JA]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bernard, J. (1968) The sex game. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall. [DS]Google Scholar
Berndt, R. M., and Berndt, C. H. (1951) Sexual behavior in western Arnhem Land. New York: Viking Fund. [DS]Google Scholar
Bernstein, I. S., and Gordon, T. P. (1974) The function of aggression in primate societies. American Scientist: 62:304–11. [DS]Google Scholar
Berscheid, E., and Walster, E. (1974) Physical attractiveness. In Advances in experimental social psychology, vol. 7, ed. Berkewitz, L., pp. 157–215. New York: Academic Press. [DS]Google Scholar
Broude, G. J., and Greene, S. J. (1976) Cross-cultural codes on twenty sexual attitudes and practices. Ethnology 15:409–29. [WCM]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brownmiller, S. (1975) Against our will: men, women and rape. New York: Simon and Schuster. [GG, DS]Google Scholar
Burley, N. (1979) The evolution of concealed ovulation. American Naturalist 114:835–58. [DS]Google Scholar
Burton, N. (1971) Sexual climax in female Macaca mulatta. Proceeing of the Third International Congress of Primatology, Zurich 1970, 3:180–91. Basel: Karger. [DS]Google Scholar
Cambell, B. (1971) Human evolution: an introduction to man's adaptations. Chicago: Aldine. [DS]Google Scholar
Caspari, E. (1972) Sexual selection in human evolution. In Sexual selection and the descent of man 1871–1971, ed. Campbell, B., pp. 332–56. Chicago: Aldine. [DS]Google Scholar
Chagnon, N. A. (1979) Mate competition, favoring close kin, and village fissioning among the Yanomamö Indians. In Evolutionary biology and human social behavior: an anthropological perspective, ed. Chagnon, N. A. and Irons, W., pp. 86–132. North Scituate, Mass.: Duxbury Press. [DS]Google Scholar
Chappell, D.; Geis, G.; Schafeer, S.; and Siegel, L. (1978) Forcible rape: a comparative study of offenses known to the police in Boston and Los Angeles. In The sociology of sex, ed. Henslin, J. M. and Sagarin, E., pp. 107–22. New York: Schocken. [GG]Google Scholar
Charnov, E. L. (1979a) The genetical evolution of patterns of sexuality: Darwinian fitness. American Naturalist 113:465–80. [MTG]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Charnov, E. L. (1979b) Natural selection and sex change in pandalid shrimp: test of a life history theory. American Naturalist 113:715–34. [MTG]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chesser, E. (1956) The sexual, marital and family relationships of the English woman. Great Britain: Hutchinson's Medical Publications. [DS]Google Scholar
Chevalier-Skolnikoff, S. (1974) Male-female, female-female, and male-male sexual behavior in the stumptail monkey, with special attention to the femaleorgasm. Archives of Sexual Behavior 3:95–116. [DS]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chomsky, N. (1979) Encounter: species of intelligence. The Sciences 19(9):7. [DS]Google Scholar
Clark, J. D. (1976) The African origins of man the toolmaker. In Human origins: Louis Leakey and the East African evidence, ed. Isacc, G. L. and McCown, E. R., pp. 1–53. Menlo Park, Calif.: W. A. Benjamin. [DS]Google Scholar
Clark, L. M. G., and Lewis, D. J. (1977) Rape: the price of coercive sexuality. Toronto: The Women's Press. [GG]Google Scholar
Cochran, C. G. (1979) Proceptive patterns of behavior throughout the menstrual cycle in female rhesus monkeys. Behavioral and Neural Biology 27:342–53. [HDS]Google Scholar
Cohen, M. L.; Garofalo, R.; Boucher, R. B.; and Seghorn, T. (1977) The psychology of rapists. In Forcible rape: the crime, the victim, and the offender, ed. Chappell, D., Geis, R. and Geis, G., pp. 291–314. New York: Columbia University Press. [DS]Google Scholar
Coleman, R. P., and Rainwater, L. (1978) Social standing in America: new dimensions of class. New York: Basic Books. [DS]Google Scholar
Connell, N., and Wilson, C., eds. (1974) Rape: the first sourcebook for women. New York: New American Library. [GG]Google Scholar
Curio, E. (1973) Towards a methodology of teleonomy. Experientia 29:1045–58. [DAD]Google Scholar
Daly, M., and Wilson, M. (1978). Sex, evolution and behavior. North Scituate, Mass.: Duxbury Press. [JA, GEK]Google Scholar
D'Andrade, R. G. (1966) Sex differences and cultural institutions. In The development of sex differences, ed. Maccoby, E. E., pp. 174–204. Stanford: Stanford University Press. [DS]Google Scholar
Darwin, C. (1871) The descent of man and selection in relation to sex. London: John Murray. [DS]Google Scholar
Davenport, W. H. (1977) Sex in cross-cultural perspective. In Human sexuality in four perspectives, ed. Beach, F. A., pp. 115–63. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. [DS]Google Scholar
Dawkins, R. (1976) The selfish gene. Oxford: Oxford University Press. [MD, GM, MR, MRu, DS]Google Scholar
Diamond, M. (1965) A critical evaluation of human sexual behavior. Quarterly Review of Biology 40:147–75. [MD]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Diamond, M. (1977) Human sexual development: biological foundations for social development. In Human sexuality in four perspectives, ed. Beach, F. A., pp. 22–61. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. [MD] Co. [MD]Google Scholar
Ehrhardt, A.; Evers, K.; and Money, J. (1968) Influence of androgen and some aspects of sexually dimorphic behavior in women with the late-treated adrenogenital syndrome. Johns Hopkins Medical Journal 123:115–22. [DS]Google Scholar
Eibl-Eibesfeltd, I. (1975) Ethology: the biology of behavior. 2nd ed.New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston. [DS]Google Scholar
Elwin, V. (1968) The kingdom of the young. London: Oxford University Press. [JPH, DS]Google Scholar
Emlen, S. T., and Oring, L. W. (1977) Ecology, sexual selection, and the evolution of mating systems. Science 197:215–23. [DS]Google Scholar
Evans-Pritchard, E. E. (1965) The position of women in primitive societies and in our own. In The position of women in primitive societies and other essays in social anthropology, ed. Evans-Pritchard, E. E., pp. 37–58. New York: Free Press. [DS]Google Scholar
Eysenck, H. J. (1976) Sex and personality. Houston: Texas University Press. (HJE]Google Scholar
Eysenck, H. J., and Wilson, G. (1979) The psychology of sex. Toronto: J. M. Dent & Sons. [HJE]Google Scholar
Fairbanks, L. A. (1977) Animal and human behavior: guidelines for generalization across species. In Ethological psychiatry: psychopathology in the context of evolution biology, ed. McGuire, M. T. and Fairbanks, L. A., pp. 87–110. New York: Grune & Stratton. [DS]Google Scholar
Feldman, D. M. (1974) Marital relations, birth control and abortion in Jewish law. New York: Schocken. [MD]Google Scholar
Ferguson, A. (1977) Reply to Hailman. American Naturalist 111:189–91. [DS]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fisher, S. (1973) The female orgasm: psychology, physiology, fantasy. New York: Basic Books. [DS]Google Scholar
Ford, C. S. (1945) A comparative study of human reproduction. New Haven: Yale University Press. [DS]Google Scholar
Ford, C. S., and Beach, F. A. (1951) Patterns of sexual behavior. New York: Harper and Row. [DS]Google Scholar
Fordney-Settlage, D. S.; Motoshima, M.; and Tredway, L. R. (1973) Sperm transport from the external vervical os to the Fallopian tubes in women: a time and quantitation study. Fertil Steril 24:655. [JRH]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Frank, E., and Anderson, C. (1979) Sex and the happily married. The Sciences 19(6): 10–13. [DS]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gallup, G. G. (1977) Self-recognition in primates: a comparative approach to the bi-directional properties of consciousness. American Psychologist 32:329–38. [GM]Google Scholar
Galton, F. (1883) Inquiries into human faculty and its development. London: Macmillan. [DS]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gebhard, P. H. (1965) Situational factors affecting human sexual behavior. In Sex and behavior, ed. Beach, F. A., pp. 483–95. New York: John Wiley and Sons. [DS]Google Scholar
Geertz, C. (1980) Sociosexology (review of The Evolution of Human Sexuality). New York Review of Books 26(21 & 22):3–4. [MRu, DS]Google Scholar
Geis, G., and Geis, R. (1979) Rape in Stockholm: is permissiveness relevant? Criminology 17:311–22. [GG]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ghiselin, M. T. (1969a) The evolution of hermaphroditism among animals. Quarterly Review of Biology 44:189–208. [MTG]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ghiselin, M. T. (1969b) The triumph of the Darwinian method. Berkeley: University of California Press. [MTG]Google Scholar
Ghiselin, M. T. (1974) The economy of nature and the evolution of sex. Berkeley: University of California Press. [MTG]Google Scholar
Goody, J. (1976) Production and reproduction: a comparative study of the domestic domain. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. [JBL, DS]Google Scholar
Gould, S. J., and Lewontin, R. C. (1979) The spandrels of San Marco and the Panglossian paradigm: a critique of the adaptationist programme. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B 205:581–98. [DSS, DS]Google Scholar
Groth, A. N., and Burgess, A. W. (1977a) Rape: a sexual deviation. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry 47:400–406. [CG]Google Scholar
Groth, A. N., and Burgess, A. W. (1977b) Sexual dysfunction during rape. New England Journal of Medicine 297:764–66. [GG]Google Scholar
Guerrero, R. (1975) Type and time insemination within the menstrual cycle and the human sex ratio at birth. Studies in Family Planning 6:367–71. [WCM]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hailman, J. P. (1976) Uses of the comparative study of behavior. In Evolution, brain, and behavior: persistent problems, ed. Masterton, R. B., Hodos, W. and Jerison, H., pp. 13–22. Hillsdale, N.J.: Erlbaum. [JBH]Google Scholar
Hailman, J. P. (1977a) Bee dancing and evolutionary epistemology. American Naturalist 111:187–89. [JBH]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hailman, J. P. (1977b) Optical signals: animal communication and light. Bloomington and London: Indiana University Press. [JBH]Google Scholar
Hailman, J. P. (1978) Rape among mallards. Science 201:280–81. [JBH]Google Scholar
Hamburg, B. A. (1978) The biosocial basis of sex differences. In Human evolution: Biosocial perspectives, ed. Washburn, S. L. and McCown, E. R., pp. 155–213. Menlo Park, Calif.: Benjamin/Cummings. [DS]Google Scholar
Hassan, S. (1978) Demographic archaeology. In Advances in archaeological method and theory, vol. 1. ed. Schiffer, M., pp. 49–103. New York: Academic Press. [DS]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hinde, R. A. (1974) The biological bases of human social behaviour. New York: McGraw-Hill. [MR]Google Scholar
Hite, S. (1974) Sexual honesty: by women for women. New York: Warner Paperback Library. [DS]Google Scholar
Hite, S. (1976) The Hite Report. New York: Macmillan. [DS]Google Scholar
Holmberg, A. R. (1950) Nomads of the long bow: the Siriono of eastern Bolivia. Washington, D.C.: United States Government Printing Office. [DS]Google Scholar
Hunt, M. (1974) Sexual behavior in the 1970's. Chicago: Playboy Press. [MD, DS]Google Scholar
Hrdy, S. B. (1979) The evolution of human sexuality: the latest word and the last (review of The Evolution of Human Sexuality). Quarterly Review of Biology 54:309–14. [JA, DS]Google Scholar
Irons, W. (1979) Natural selection, adaptation, and human social behavior. In Evolutionary biology and human social behavior: an anthropological perspective, ed. Chagnon, N. A. and Irons, W., pp. 4–39. North Scituate, Mass.: Duxbury Press. [DS]Google Scholar
Isacc, G. (1978) The food-sharing behavior of protohuman hominids. Scientific American. 238:90–109 [JBL]Google Scholar
Jacklin, C., and Maccoby, E. (1978) Social behavior at 33 months in same sex and mixed sex dyads. Child Development 49:557–69. [DM]Google Scholar
Johnson, D. F., and Phoenix, C. H. (1978) Sexual behavior and hormone levels during the menstrual cycles of rhesus monkeys. Hormones and Behavior 11:160–74. [HDS]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kanin, E. J. (1957) Male aggression in dating-courtship relations. American Journal of Sociology 63:197–204. [GG]Google Scholar
Kanin, E. J., and Parcell, S. R. (1977) Sexual aggression: a second look at the offended female. Archives of Sexual Behavior 6:67–76. [GG]Google Scholar
Kaye, K. (1980) Context in context. The Sciences 20(2):24–26.Google Scholar
Kinsey, A. C.; Pomeroy, W. B.; and Martin, C. E. (1948) Sexual behavior in the human male. Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders. [MD, DS]Google Scholar
Kinsey, A. C.; Pomeroy, W. B.; Martin, C. E.; and Gebhard, P. H. (1953) Sexual behavior in the human female. Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders. [MD, DS]Google Scholar
Kleiman, D. G. (1977) Monogamy in mammals. Quarterly Review of Biology 52:39–69. [DS]Google Scholar
Lamb, M. E., and Goldberg, W. A. (1980) The father-child relationship: a synthesis of biological, evolutionary, and social perspectives. In Perspectives on parental behavior, ed. Gandelman, R. and Hoffman, L. W.. Hillsdale, N.J.: Erlbaum. [MEL]Google Scholar
Lancaster, J. B. (1978) Carrying and sharing in human evolution. Human Nature 2:82–89. [JBL]Google Scholar
Lancaster, J. B. (1979) Sex and gender: an evolutionary perspective. In Human sexuality: a comparative and developmental perspective, ed. Katchadourian, H. A.. Berkeley: University of California Press. [DM]Google Scholar
Lancaster, J. B., and Lee, R. B. (1965) The annual reproductive cycle in monkeys and apes. In Primate behavior: field studies of monkeys and apes, ed. DeVore, I., pp. 486–513. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston. [DS]Google Scholar
Lehrman, D. S. (1953) A critique of Konrad Lorenz's theory of instinctive behavior. Quarterly Review of Biology 28:337–63. [MR]Google Scholar
Lehrman, D. S. (1970) Semantic and conceptual issues in the nature-nurture problem. In Development and evolution of behavior, ed. Aronson, L. R. and Tobach, E., pp. 17–52. San Francisco: W. H. Freeman & Company. [MEL. MR, DS]Google Scholar
Lehrman, D. S. (1974) Can psychiatrists use ethology? In Ethology and psychiatry, ed. White, N. F.. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. [MEL]Google Scholar
Leutenegger, W. (1977) Sociobiological correlates of sexual dimorphism in body weight in South African australopiths. South African Journal of Science. 73:143–44. [WCM]Google Scholar
Leutenegger, W. (1978) Scaling of sexual dimorphism in body size and breeding system in primates. Nature 272:610–11. [WCM]Google Scholar
Levi-Strauss, G. (1969) The elementary structures of kinship. Translated by Bell, J. H., von Sturmer, J. R., and Needham, R.. Boston: Beacon Press.Google Scholar
Lev-Ran, A. (1974) Sexuality and educational levels of women with the latetreated adrenogenital syndrome. Archives of Sexual Behavior 3:27–32. [DS]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lewontin, R. C. (1979) Sociobiology as an adaptationist program. Behavioral Science 24:5–14. [DS]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lindblom, C. E., and Cohen, D. K. (1979) Usable knowledge: social science and social problem solving. New Haven: Yale University Press. [DS]Google Scholar
Livingstone, F. B. (1967) The effects of warfare on the biology of the human species. In War: the anthropology of armed conflict and aggression, ed. Fried, M., Harris, M. and Murphy, R., pp. 3–15. Garden City, NY.: The Natural History Press. [DS]Google Scholar
Lorenz, K. (1965) Evolution and modification of behavior. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. [MR]Google Scholar
Losos, J. (1979) Common sense sex theory (review of The Evolution of Human Sexuality). Saint Louis Post-Dispatch, 09 16. [DS]Google Scholar
Maccoby, E. E., and Jacklin, C. N. (1974) The psychology of sex differences. Stanford: Stanford University Press. [GM, DS]Google Scholar
Malinowski, B. (1929) The sexual life of savages in North-Westem Melanesia. New York: Halcyon House. [DS]Google Scholar
Marshall, D. S. (1971) Sexual behavior, on Mangaia. In Human sexual behavior, ed. Marshall, D. S. and Suggs, R. C., pp. 103–62. New York: Basic Books. [DS]Google Scholar
Martin, M. K., and Voorhies, B. (1975). Female of the species. New York: Columbia University Press. [DM]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Masters, W. H., and Johnson, V. E. (1966) Human sexual response. Boston: Little, Brown & Company. [DS]Google Scholar
Mead, M. (1961) Cultural determinants of sexual behavior. In Sex and internal secretions. Vol. 2, ed. Young, W. C., 3rd ed., Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins. [DS]Google Scholar
Mead, M. (1967) Male and female: a study of the sexes in a changing world. New York: William Morrow and Company. [DS]Google Scholar
Michael, R. P., and Bonsall, R. W. (1979) Hormones and sexual behavior of rhesus monkeys. In Endocrine control of sexual behavior, ed. Beyer, C., pp. 278–302. New York: Raven Press. [HDS]Google Scholar
Michael, R. P.; Bonsall, R. W.; and Warner, P. (1974) Human vaginal secretions: volatile fatty acid content. Science 186:1217–19. [DS]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Millet, L. (1970) Sexual politics. Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday. [MRu]Google Scholar
Mitchell, G. (1979) Behavioral sex differences in nonhuman primates. New York: Van Nostrand. [DM, GM]Google Scholar
Money, J. (1961) Sex hormones and other variables in human eroticism. In Sex and internal secretions, vol. II, ed. Young, W. C. and Corner, G. W., pp. 1, 383–1, 400. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins. [DS]Google Scholar
Money, J. (1965) Influence of hormones on sexual behavior. Annual Review of Medicine 16:67–82. [DS]Google Scholar
Money, J. (1973) Prenatal hormones and postnatal socialization in gender identity differentiation. In Nebraska symposium on motivation, Vol. 21, ed. Cole, J. K. and Dienstbier, R., pp. 221–95. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press. [DS]Google Scholar
Money, J., and Ehrhardt, A. A. (1972) Man & woman boy & girl. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. [DS]Google Scholar
Montagu, A. (1957) The Reproductive development of the female, with special reference to the period of adolescent sterility: a study in the comparative physiology of infecundity of the adolescent organism. New York: Julian Press. [DS]Google Scholar
Morris, D. (1967) The naked ape. New York: Dell Publishing Co. [DAD, GEK, DS]Google Scholar
Murdock, G. P. (1972) Anthropology's mythology. Proceedings of the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland for 1971: 17–24. [DS]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Neubeck, G. (1969) Other societies: an anthropological review of extramarital relations. In Extramarital relations, ed. Neubeck, G., pp. 108–26. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall. [DS]Google Scholar
Potter, S. (1971) The complete upmanship. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston. [DS]Google Scholar
Ralls, K. (1976) Mammals in which females are larger than males. Quarterly Review of Biology 51:245–76. [MTG]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ralls, K. (1977) Sexual dimorphism in mammals: avian models and unanswered questions. American Naturalist 111:917–38. [DS]Google Scholar
Richards, R. J. (1974) The innate and the learned: the evolution of Konrad Lorenz's theory of instinct. Philosophy of the Social Sciences 4:111–33. [MR]Google Scholar
Riss, D. C., and Goodall, J. (1977) The recent rise to the alpha-rank in a population of free-living chimpanzees. Folia primatologica 27:134–51. [WCM]Google Scholar
Rogel, M. J. (1978) A critical evaluation of the possibility of higher primate reproductive and sexual pheromones. Psychological Bulletin 85:810–30. [WCM]Google Scholar
Rowell, T. E. (1972) Female reproduction cycles and social behavior in primates. In Advances in the study of behavior, vol. 4, ed. Lehrman, D. S., pp. 69–105. New York: Academic Press. [DS]Google Scholar
Ruse, M. (1979) Sociobiology: sense or nonsense? Dordrecht: Reidel. [MRu]Google Scholar
Russell, D. E. H. (1975) The politics of rape: the victim's perspective. New York: Stein and Day. [GG]Google Scholar
Safilios-Rothschild, C. (1969) Attitudes of Greek spouses toward marital infidelity. In Extramarital relations, ed. Neubeck, G., pp. 77–93. Englewood Cliffs. N.J.: Prentice-Hall. [DS]Google Scholar
Savage-Rumbaugh, E. S., and Wilkerson, B. J. (1978) Socio-sexual behavior in Pan paniscus and Pan troglodytes: a comparative study. Journal of Human Evolution 7:327–44. [HDS]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schapera, I. (1940) Married life in an African tribe. London: Faber and Faber. [DS]Google Scholar
Schlegel, W. S. (1966) Die sexualinstinkte des menschen. Munich: Rütten & Loening Verlag. [HJE]Google Scholar
Sherman, J. A. (1971) On the psychology of women: a survey of empirical studies. Springfield, Ill.: Thomas. [MRu]Google Scholar
Short, R. V. (1976) The evolution of human reproduction. Proceedings of the Royal Society, Series B 195:3–24. [JBL]Google Scholar
Short, R. V. (1979) Sexual selection and its component parts, somatic and genital selection, as illustrated by man and the great apes. Advances in the Study of Behavior 9:131–58. [JBL. WCM, DS]Google Scholar
Shorter, E. (1977) On writing the history of rape. Signs 3:471–81. [GG]Google Scholar
Sigusch, V.; Schmidt, G.; Reinfeld, A.; and Wiedemann-Sutor, I. (1970) Psychosexual stimulation: sex differences. Journal of Sex Research 6:10–14. [DS]Google Scholar
Siskind, J. (1973) To hunt in the morning. New York: Oxford University Press. [DS]Google Scholar
Slob, A. K.; Baum, M. J.; and Schenck, P. E. (1978) Effects of the menstrual cycle, social grouping, and exogenous progesterone on heterosexual interaction in laboratory housed stumptail macaques (M. arctoides). Physiology and Behavior 21:915–21. [HDS]Google Scholar
Smart, C. and Smart, B., eds. (1978) Women, sexuality and social control. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul. [GG]Google Scholar
Smith, D. D. (1976) The social content of pornography. Journal of Communication 26:16–24. [DS]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Steele, D. G., and Walker, C. E. (1974) Male and female differences in reaction to erotic stimuli as related to sexual adjustment. Archives of Sexual Behavior 3:459–70. [DS]Google Scholar
Strouse, J. (1974) Women and analysis. New York: Grossman. [MRu]Google Scholar
Suggs, R. C., and Marshall, D. S. (1971) Anthropological perspectives on human sexual behavior. In Human sexual behavior, ed. Marshall, D. S. and Suggs, R. C., pp. 218–43. New York: Basic Books. [DS]Google Scholar
Sulloway, F. J. (1979) Freud, biologist of the mind: beyond the psychoanalytic legend. New York: Basic Books. [MTG]Google Scholar
Symons, D. (1978a) Play and aggression: a study of rhesus monkeys. New York: Columbia University Press. [DS]Google Scholar
Symons, D. (1978b) The question of function: dominance and play. In Social play in primates, ed. Smith, E. O., pp. 193–230. New York: Academic Press. [DS]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Symons, D. (in press) F L.O. A.T.: a new paradigm for human evolution. Journal of Irreproducible Results. [DS]Google Scholar
Tennov, D. (1979) Love and limerence: the experience of being in love. New York: Stein and Day. [DT]Google Scholar
Terman, L. M. (1938) Psychological factors in marital happiness. New York: McGraw-Hill. [DS]Google Scholar
Tiger, L., and Fox, R. (1971) The imperial animal. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston. [GEK, HDS]Google Scholar
Tripp, C. A. (1975) The Homosexual matrix. New York: Signet. [DS]Google Scholar
Trivers, R. L. (1972) Parental investment and sexual selection. In Sexual selection and the descent of man 1871–1971, ed. Campbell, B., pp. 136–79. Chicago: Aldine. [DS]Google Scholar
Tutin, C. E. G. (1979) Mating patterns and reproductive strategies in a community of wild chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schwein furthii). Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 6:29–38. [WCM]Google Scholar
Tutin, C. E. G., and McGinnis, P. R. (1980 in press) Reproduction of the chimpanzee in the wild. In Reproductive biology of the great apes, ed. Graham, C. E.. New York: Academic Press. [WCM]Google Scholar
Van Bemmelen, J. M. (1960) Data on sexual delinquency in the Netherlands. In Sexual crime today, ed. Grunhut, M., Sieverts, R. and Van Bemmelen, J. M., pp. 20–50. The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff. [GG]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Washburn, S. L. (1973) Human evolution: science or game? Yearbook of Physical Anthropology 17:67–70. [DS]Google Scholar
Washburn, S. L.; Jay, P. C.; and Lancaster, J. B. (1965) Field studies of Old World monkeys and apes. Science 150:1541–47. [DS]Google Scholar
Weitz, S. (1977) Sex roles: biological, psychological, and social foundations. New York: Oxford University Press. [DS]Google Scholar
Williams, G. C. (1966) Adaptation and natural selection: a critique of some current evolutionary thought. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press. [DAD, DS]Google Scholar
Williams, G. C. (1975) Sex and evolution. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press. [JPH, DS]Google Scholar
Wilson, E. O. (1975) Sociobiology: the new synthesis. Cambridge, Mass.: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. [MD, HJE, MRu, DS]Google Scholar
Wolf, A. P. (1970) Childhood association and sexual attraction: a further test of the Westermarck hypothesis. American Anthropologist 72:503–15. [GEK]Google Scholar
Wrangham, R. (1979) The bishop of Oxford: not so soapy. New Scientist 83:450–51. [DS]Google Scholar
Wright, F. L. (1977) An Autobiography. New York: Horizon Press. [MTG]Google Scholar
Zihlman, A. L., and Cramer, D. (1976) Skeletal differences in pygmy and common chimpanzees. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 44:216. [HDS]Google Scholar
Ziman, J. (1978) Reliable knowledge: an exploration of the grounds for belief in science. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. [DS]Google Scholar
Zuckerman, S. (1932) The social life of monkeys and apes. London: Butler & Tanner. [DS]Google Scholar