¹ Detailed bibliographical references on the Rumanian problem in Transylvania, the Banat, Crişana, and Maramureş can be found in Veress, Andrei, Bibliografia română-ungară [Rumanian-Hungarian Bibliography] (3 vols., Bucharest: Certea Românească, 1931–1935)Google Scholar; Crăciun, Ioachim, Bibliographie de la Transylvanie roumaine 1916–1936 (Cluj: Revue de Transylvanie, 1937)Google Scholar; and Daicoviciu, Constantin and Constantinescu, Miron, Brève histoire de la Transylvanie (Bucharest: Editura Academiei, 1965), pp. 427–435Google Scholar. No comparable surveys are available for Bukovina. However, a satisfactory bibliographic survey can be found in Prokopowitsch, Erich, Die rumänische Nationalbewegung in der Bukowina und der Dako-Romanismus (Graz: Böhlau, 1965), pp. 171–175.Google Scholar

² The classic statement of both positions is in Horváth, Eugene, Transylvania and the History of the Roumanians (Budapest: Sárkány, 1935).Google Scholar

³ Although clearly a work à thèse, Daicoviciu, Constantin et al. , Din Istoria Transilvaniei [The History of Transylvania] (2nd ed., 2 vols., Bucharest: Editura Academiei, 1961)Google Scholar, provides the best analysis of the contribution of the Rumanians to the stability of the Habsburg monarchy.

⁴ The text of the Supplex libellus Valachorum can be found in Prodan, David, Supplex libellus Valachorum (Cluj, 1948), pp. 243–273.Google Scholar

⁵ The most comprehensive Marxist interpretation is in Istoria Romîniei [The History of Rumania], Vol. III (Bucharest: Academia Republicii Populare Romîne, 1964), pp. 492–513Google Scholar. Consult also the excellent study by Hitchins, Keith, “Samuel Clain and the Rumanian Enlightenment in Transylvania,” Slavic Review, Vol. XXIII, No. 4 (12, 1964), pp. 660–675.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

⁶ On the nature and message of the “Şcoala Ardeleană” consult Maciu, Vasile et al. , Outline of Rumanian Historiography until the Beginning of the 20th Century (Bucharest: Editura Academiei, 1964), pp. 30–36Google Scholar. It is an original interpretation. See also Şcoala ardeleană [The Transylvanian School] (Bucharest: Editura Academiei, 1959).Google Scholar

⁷ Compare Hitchins, , “Samuel Clain and the Rumanian Enlightenment in Transylvania,” pp. 660–675Google Scholar, with Maciu, , Outline of Rumanian Historiography, pp. 30–36Google Scholar. See also Daicoviciu, , Din Istoria Transilvaniei, Vol. I, pp. 278–297.Google Scholar

⁸ Popovici, D., La littérature roumaine à l'époque des lumières (Sibiu, 1945), pp. 109–116 and 448–475.Google Scholar

⁹ Most forcefully stated in Daicoviciu, , Din Istoria Transilvaniei, Vol. I. pp. 296–297.Google Scholar

¹⁰ See also Bodea, Cornelia, “Preocupări economice şi culturale în literatura transilvană dintre anii 1786–1830” [Economic and Cultural Preoccupations in Transylvanian Literature between 1786 and 1830], Studii, Vol. IX, No. 6 (1956), pp. 87–104.Google Scholar

¹¹ A well balanced and carefully documented account of these problems is in La Transylvanie (Bucharest: Académie roumaine, 1938), pp. 337–378.Google Scholar

¹² The significance and influence of the conservative forces has been reassessed in recent years. A comprehensive summary of the latest findings and current interpretations can be found in Istoria Romîniei, Vol. IV (Bucharest: Editura Academiei, 1964), pp. 25–35.Google Scholar

¹³ Daicoviciu, , Din Istoria Transilvaniei, Vol. I, 318–350.Google Scholar

¹⁴ Cheresteşiu, Victor, A magyarországi román sajtó politikai vezéreszméi és munkája a szabadságharc elötti évtizedben [The Principal Political Ideas and the Activity of the Rumanian Press in Hungary in the Decade before the War for Independence] (Budapest, 1917), pp. 3–33Google Scholar; Cheresteşiu, Victor, “Luptătorul revoluţionar Eftimie Murgu” [The Revolutionary Eftimie Murgu], Studii, Vol. IX, No. 1 (1956), pp. 65–86Google Scholar; Iorga, Nicolae, Istoria românilor din Ardeal şi Ungaria [The History of the Rumanians of Transylvania and Hungary] (Bucharest: Gutenberg, 1915), pp. 136–148.Google Scholar

¹⁵ Daicoviciu, , Din Istoria Transilvaniei, Vol. I, pp. 340–349.Google Scholar

¹⁶ La Transylvanie, pp. 370–378.Google Scholar

¹⁷ The standard “nationalist” interpretation is by Moga, I., “Luttes des Roumains de Transylvanie pour l'émancipation nationale,” La Transylvanie, pp. 379–451Google Scholar. The standard Marxist interpretation is in Daicoviciu, , Din Istoria Transilvanici, Vol. II, pp. 1–132.Google Scholar

¹⁸ Bărnuţiu, Simion, Românii şi ungurii [The Rumanians and the Hungarians] (Cluj, 1924)Google Scholar. This work has valuable annotations by G. Bogdan-Duică. See also Dragomir, Silviu, Studii şi documente privitoare la revoluţia romînilor din Transilvania ín anii 1848–1849 [Studies and Documents concerning the Revolution of the Rumanians of Transylvania in 1848–1849] (4 vols., Cluj, 1944–1946)Google Scholar; and Bogdan-Duică, G., Viaţa şi ideile lui Simeon Bămuţiu [The Life and Ideas of Simeon Bărnuṭiu] (Bucharest, 1924).Google Scholar

¹⁹ Iancu, Avram's views are best expressed in his Raportul lui Avram Iancu [The Report of Avram Iancu] (Sibiu, 1884)Google Scholar. Dragomir, Silviu, Avram Iancu (Bucharest, 1924)Google Scholar, is still the most authoritative study of Iancu.

²⁰ Dragomir, Silviu, Tratativele romîno-maghiare din vara anului 1849 [Rumanian-Magyar Negotiations in the Summer of 1849] (Cluj, 1947), pp. 1–35Google Scholar; Cheresteşiu, , “Luptătorul revoluţionar Eftimie Murgu,” pp. 65–86.Google Scholar

²¹ See the summary statement in Daicoviciu, , Din Istoria Transilvaniei, Vol. II, pp. 36–62Google Scholar. See also a similar statement on Bukovina, in Prokopowitsch, , Die rumänische Nationalbewegung in der Bukowina, pp. 39–45Google Scholar. In addition, see Lupaş, Ioan, Mitropolitul Andreiu Şaguna (Sibiu, 1911), pp. 48–67Google Scholar; and Popea, N., Memorialul arhiepiscopului şi metropolitului Andreiu baron de Şaguna [The Memorial of Archbishop and Metropolitan Andreiu Şaguna], Vol. I (Sibiu, 1889), pp. 248–249.Google Scholar

²² See the summary statement in Cheresteşiu, Victor, “Contribuţii la istoria mişcărilor ţărăneşti în Transilvania în anul revoluţionar 1848” [Contributions to the History of Peasant Movements in Transylvania in the Revolutionary Year 1848], Studii şi referate privind istoria Romîniei [Studies and Reports concerning the History of Rumania], Vol. II (Bucharest: Editura Academiei, 1954), pp. 1159–1199.Google Scholar

²³ See Daicoviciu, , Din Istoria Transilvaniei, Vol. II, pp. 133–186Google Scholar; and Moga, , “Luttes des Roumains de Transylvanie pour l'émancipation nationale,” pp. 403–423Google Scholar. An interesting interpretation may also be found in Istoria Romîniei, Vol. IV, pp. 398–440.Google Scholar

²⁴ Representative arguments may be found in Bodea, Cornelia C., “Lupta pentru unire a revoluţionarilor exilaţi de la 1848” [The Struggle for Union on the Part of the Exiled Revolutionaries of 1848], Studii privind Unirea Principatelor [Studies concerning the Union of the Principalities] (Bucharest: Editura Academiei, 1960), pp. 129–133Google Scholar; and in Berindei, Dan and Curticăpeanu, Vasile, “Revoluţia de la 1848–1849” [The Revolution of 1848–1849], Studii, Vol. XV, No. 6 (1962), pp. 1592–1593.Google Scholar

²⁵ Characteristic is Bariţiu, Gheorghe, Părţi alese din istoria Transilvaniei [Excerpts from the History of Transylvania], Vol. II (Sibiu, 1890), pp. 128–133 and 154–164Google Scholar. See also Hodoş, Enea, Din corespondenţa lui S. Bărnuţiu şi a contemporanilor săi [The Correspondence of S. Bărnuţiu and His Contemporaries] (Sibiu, 1944), pp. 8–45.Google Scholar

²⁶ Moldovan, V., Dieta Ardealului din 1863–1864 [The Diet of Transylvania of 1863–1864] (Cluj, 1932).Google Scholar

²⁷ For an excellent summary, see Daicoviciu, , Din Istoria Transilvaniei, Vol. II, pp. 135–164.Google Scholar

²⁸ Ibid., p. 146.

²⁹ See ibid., pp. 189–231, for a good summary. See also Vajda, Ludovic, “Despre situaţia economică şi social-politică a Transilvaniei în primii ani ai secolului al XX-lea” [The Economic and Socio-Political Situation in Transylvania in the First Years of the Twentieth Century], Studii şi referate privind istoria Romîniei, Vol. II (Bucharest: Editura Academiei, 1954), pp. 315–320Google Scholar; and Kovács, Iosif, “Date în legătură cu descompunerea tărănimii din Transilvania după desfiinţarea iobăgiei din anul 1848” [Information concerning the Decomposition of the Peasantry after the Abolition of Serfdom in 1848], Studii şi cercetări de istorie [Historical Studies and Researches], Academia R. P. R., Cluj, Vol. VIII, No. 1–4 (1957), pp. 244–251.Google Scholar

³⁰ The classic and most explicit account is still Pacatean, T. V., Cartea de aur sau luptele politice ale Românilor sub Coroana Ungariei [The Golden Book, or the Political Struggles of the Rumanians under the Hungarian Crown], Vol. IV (Sibiu, 1906).Google Scholar

³¹ Iorga, , Istoria românilor din Ardeal şi Ungaria, Vol. II, pp. 221–225Google Scholar; Daicoviciu, , Din Istoria Transilvaniei, Vol. II, pp. 232–251.Google Scholar

³² On these points, consult Lupaş, Ioan, “Inceputurile şi epocale isterice ale ziaristicii româneşti-transilvane” [The Beginnings and the Historical Periods of Transylvanian-Rumanian Journalism], Studii istorice [Historical Studies], Vol. V (Sibiu-Cluj, 1945–1946), pp. 325–332Google Scholar; and Lupaş, Ioan, Contribuţiuni la istoria ziaristicei româneşti ardelene [Contributions to the History of Transylvanian Rumanian Journalism] (Sibiu, 1926), pp. 19–52.Google Scholar

³³ The political program of the Rumanian National Party can be found in Brote, Eugen, Chestiunea română în Transilvania şi Ungaria [The Rumanian Question in Transylvania and Hungary] (Bucharest, 1895), pp. 208–209.Google Scholar

³⁴ Daicoviciu, , Din Istoria Transilvaniei, Vol. II, pp. 253–259.Google Scholar

³⁵ See ibid., pp. 259–264, for a concise summary of contemporary Marxist interpretations. Characteristic of earlier interpretations is Moga, , “Luttes des Roumains de Transylvanie pour l'emancipation nationale,” pp. 441–451Google Scholar. See also Pâclişanu, Z., “Guvernele ungureşti şi mişcarea memorandistă a Românilor din Ardeal” [The Hungarian Governments and the Memorandum Movement of the Rumanians of Transylvania], Revista Fundaţiilor Regale, Vol. I (1934), pp. 343–347Google Scholar; Papp, I. P., Procesul Memorandului Românilor din Transilvania [The Memorandum Trial of the Rumanians of Transylvania] (2 vols., Cluj, 1932–1933)Google Scholar; Pascu, Stefan, Din răsunctul proccsului memorandist in masele populare [The Echo of the Memorandum Trial among the Popular Masses] (Sibiu, 1944)Google Scholar; and Danciu, M., “Din frămîntările maselor populare în timpul procesului memorandist” [The Unrest of the Popular Masses during the Memorandum Trial], Studia Universitatis Babeş-Bolyai. Historia, Vol. IV, No. 1 (1959), pp. 107–122.Google Scholar

³⁶ In addition to the references provided in note 35, see also Lungu, Traian and Iordache, Anastase, “Romînia la începutul secolului al XX-lea” [Rumania at the Beginning of the Twentieth Century], Studii, Vol. XV, No. 6 (1962), pp. 1639–1651.Google Scholar

³⁷ The most detailed summary of contemporary views can be found in Daicoviciu, Constantin and Constantinescu, Miron, Destrămarea Monarhiei Austro-Ungare 1900–1918 [The Dissolution of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy] (Bucharest: Editura Academiei, 1964), pp. 93–189Google Scholar. A summary of pre-Marxist positions may be found in Lupaş, Ioan, “La désagrégation de la monarchie austro-hongroise et la libération de la Transylvanie,” La, Transylvanie, pp. 453–468.Google Scholar

³⁸ Daicoviciu, and Constantinescu, , Destrămarea Monarhiei Austro-Ungare 1900–1918, pp. 11–92 and 231–262.Google Scholar

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⁴⁰ Daicoviciu, and Constantinescu, , Destrămarea Monarhiei Austro-Un-gare 1900–1918, pp. 105–116 and 131–136Google Scholar; Lungu, and Iordache, , “Romînia la începutul secolului al XX-lea,” p. 1649, n. 5.Google Scholar

⁴¹ A lucid summary will be found in Prokopowitsch, , Die rumänische Nationalbewegung in der Bukowina, pp. 130–158.Google Scholar

⁴² See, for instance, the penetrating contemporary account by Bogdan-Duică, G., Bucovina. Notiţe politice asupra situaţiei ei [Bukovina. Political Notes on Its Situation] (Sibiu, 1895)Google Scholar. The “Twelve Points” may be found in Sbiera, Ion, O pagină din istoria Bucovinii din 1848–1850 [A Page from the History of Bukovina in 1848–1850] (Cernăuţi, 1899), pp. 9–10.Google Scholar