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⁴ For some views on the nomenclature controversy, see Petrov, Aleksej L., Karpatorusskija meževyja nazvanija iz pol. XIX i iz nač. XX v. [Carpatho-Russiah Boundary Nomenclature from, the Late Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries] (Prague: Česká akademie véd a uměni, 1929) (219 pp.)Google Scholar; René, Martel, “Le nom d' ‘ukrainien’ en Russie subcarpathique,” Monde Slave, Vol. XIV, No. 1 (Paris, 1937), pp. 560–569 Google Scholar; Bohdan, Barvins'kyj, Nazva ‘Ukrajina’ na Zakarpatti [The Name “Ukraine” in Transcarpathia]. In Onomastica, No. 4 (Winnipeg: Ukrainian Free Academy of Sciences, 1925) (16 pp.)Google Scholar; Ivan, Vanat, “Do pytannja vžyvannja terminiv ‘Zakarpattja’ ta ‘Prjašivščyna’” [Regarding the Use of the Terms “Transcarpathia” and “Prešov Region”], in Žovten' i ukrajins'ka kul'lura (PreŠov: Kul'turnyj sojuz ukrajins'kyx trudjaščyx, 1968), pp. 602–603.Google Scholar

⁵ The transliteration of titles in Russian and Ukrainian follows the system used by Recenzija: A Review of Soviet Ukrainian Scholarly Publications, published by the Seminar in Ukrainian Studies at Harvard University. Titles in the Rusyn dialect and etymological script are transliterated according to the Ukrainian pattern.

⁶ Kálmán, Zsatkovics, “A magyarorsz´gi oroszok történetírásának történelme” [A History of the Historiography of the Russians in Hungary], Századok, Vol. XXIV (Budapest, 1890), pp. 568–573 and 644–660Google Scholar; Francev, Vladimir A., “Obzor važnějšix izučenij Ugorskoj Rusi” [A Survey of the More Important Studies on Ugro-Rus'], Russkij filologičnij věinik, Vol. XLV, No. 1–2 (Warsaw, 1901), pp. 145–197.Google Scholar

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⁸ Rácz, Joseph A., “La developpement de la littérature historique carpathoukrainienne,” Revue d'histoire comparée, Vol. XXII (Paris, 1944), pp. 172–182.Google Scholar

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¹⁰ Ivan, Levickij, Galicko-ruskajabibliografija XIX stolětija: 1801–1886 [Galician-Rusyn Bibliography of the Nineteenth Century] (2 vols., L'viv, 1888–1895) (xxii, 162 pp., and 736 pp.)Google Scholar; Ivan, Levyc'kyj, Ukrajins'ka bibljiografija Avstro-Uhorščyny za roky 1887–1900 [Ukrainian Bibliography of Austria-Hungary for the Years 1887–1900] (3 vols., 1887–1893)Google Scholar; Materijaly do ukrajins'koji bibliografiji [Materials for Ukrainian Bibliography], Vols. I–III (L'viv: Bibliografična komisija Naukovoho tovarystva imeny Ševčenka, 1909–1911) (269, 290, and 300 pp.).Google Scholar

¹¹ Nykolaj, Lelekač and Ivan, Harajda, Zahal'na bibliohrafija Podkarpatja [A General Bibliography of Subcarpathia]. In Literaturno-naukova biblioleka, No. 30 (Užhorod: Podkarpatskoe obščestvo nauk, 1944) (150 pp.)Google Scholar. Supplemented in Literaturna nedǐlja, Vol. IV, No. 9–11 (Užhorod, 1944).Google Scholar

¹² Pelenskyj, Eugene J., Ucrainica: Selected Bibliography on Ukraine in Western-European Languages. In Memoirs of the Scientific Ševčenko Society, Vol. CLVIII (Munich, 1948) (110 pp.)Google Scholar; Myxajlo, Hres'ko, “Zakarpattja—oiyma mandrivnykiv i včenyx” [Transcarpathia in the Eyes of Travelers and Scholars], Zovten, Vol. XVIII, No.II (L'viv, 1968), pp. 130–138.Google Scholar

¹³ Bibliografický katalog [Bibliographical Index] (Prague, 1922–1946)Google Scholar. Yearly publication with entries for works published in Czechoslovakia in the Subcarpathian Rusyn (podkarpatorusk´), Russian, and Ukrainian languages.

¹⁴ Bibliografie (české historie) [Bibliography of Czech history] (Prague: Historický klub)Google Scholar. Beginning with volume “za léta 1925–1926” (Prague, 1929), a special subsection was included for works on the history, literature, language, and folklore of Subcarpathian Rus'. Entries dealing with the province were listed separately until volume “za léta 1937–1941” (Prague, 1951).

¹³ Jifi, Kr´l, Geografick´ bibliografie Podkarpatské Rusi [Geographical Bibliography of Subcarpathian Rus']. In Travaux géographiques, No. 11 (Prague: Geografický ustav Karlovy university, 1923) (61 pp.)Google Scholar; Jiři, Kr´i, Geografické bibliografie Podkarpatské Rusi za roky 1923–1926 [Geographical Bibliography of Subcarpathian Rus’ for the Years 1923–1926], In Travaux géographiques tchèques, No. 13 (Prague: Geografický ústav Karlovy university, 1928) (54 pp.).Google Scholar

¹⁶ Orest, Zilynskyj (ed.), Sto padesát let česko-ukrajinských literárnich styků 1814–1964: vědecko-bibliografický sborník [One Hundred and Fifty Years of Czech-Ukrainian Literary Relations, 1814–1964: A Scholarly Bibliography] (Prague: Svět sovětů, 1968) (478 pp.).Google Scholar

¹⁷ Mikuláš, Nevrlý, Bibliografia ukrajinik v slovenskej reči, 1945–1964 [A Bibliography of Ukrainian Studies in the Slovak Language, 1945–1964] (Bratislava: Slovenska akademia vied, 1965) (198 pp.)Google Scholar; Z žyttja ukrajinciv na Slovaččyni: bibliohrafija pro budivnyču pracju ukrajinciv na Slovaččyni [On the Life of Ukrainians in Slovakia: A Bibliography on the Constructive Work of Ukrainians in Slovakia] (3 vols., Prešov: Štátna vedeck´ knižnica, 1959–1961) (195, 165, and 140 pp.)Google Scholar; Olena, Pažur, Ukrajinci Čexoslovaččyny 1962–1964 rr,: bibliohrafija knyh, Žurnal'nyx la hazetnyx statej [The Ukrainians of Czechoslovakia in the Years 1962 to 1964: A Bibliography of Books, Journals, and Newspaper Articles]. In Bibliografia východného Slovenska, 1945–1964, Vol. XII, Pt. 1 (Prešov: Štátna vedecká knižnica, 1967) (257 pp.).Google Scholar

¹⁸ Rud', M. P., Ukrajins'ka Radjans'ka Socialistyčna Respublika, 1917–1967: bibliohrafičnyj pokažčyk literature [The Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic: Bibliographical Index of the Literature] (Kiev: Naukova dumka, 1969), pp. 94–96, 144–147, 198–200, and 314–316.Google Scholar

¹⁹ Ežegodnik knigi SSSR [Book Annual of the Soviet Union] (Moscow, 1935, 1941).Google Scholar

²⁰ Arkadij, Žyvotko, Presa Karpats'koji Ukrajiny [The Press in Carpatho-Ukraine] (Prague: Vydavnyctvo Jurija Tyščenka, 1940) (iii, 22 pp.).Google Scholar

²¹ Nikolaus, Radványi, Die Archive in der Podkarpatská Rus. En Beilrag zur Errichtung des Landesarchivs (Užhorod, 1922) (144 pp.)Google Scholar; Andrej, Šaš, Arxiv privilegirovannago goroda Mukačeva 1376–1850 gg.: spravočnaja kniga po istorii, materialam i ustrojslvu starago gorodskago arxiva [Archive of the Chartered City of Mukačevo, 1376–1850: A Guide to the History, Holdings, and Organization of the Old City Archive] (Mukačevo: lzdanie goroda Mukačeva, 1927) (160 pp.)Google Scholar; Mykytas', Vasyl' L., Davni rukopysy i starodruky: opys i kataloh [Old Manuscripts and Publications: Description and Catalog] (2 vols., Užhorod, 1961 [93 pp.]Google Scholar; L'viv: Vydavnyctvo L'vivs'koho universytetu, 1964 [81 pp.]); Mykytas', Vasyl' L., Davni knyhy Zakarpats'koho Deržavnoho Krajeznavčoho Muzeju [Old Books in the Transcarpathian State Regional Museum](L'viv: Vydavnyctvo L'vivs'koho universytetu, 1964) (85 pp.).Google Scholar

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²⁴ Bidermann, Hermann J., Die ungarischen Ruthenen, ihr Wohngebiet, ihr Erwerb, und ihre Geschichte (2 vols., Innsbruck: Wagner'schen Universitäts-Buchhandlung, 1862–1867) (xvi, 140, and iv, 120 pp.).Google Scholar

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²⁶ Tivadar, Lehoczky, A beregmegyei görögszertartásu katholikus lelkészségek története a XIX század végeig [History of the Greek Catholic Ecclesiastics of Bereg Comitat until the End of the Nineteenth Century] (Mukačevo. 1904) (170 pp.)Google Scholar; Oreszt, Szabó, A magyar oroszokról (Ruthének) [On the Hungarian Russians (Ruthenes)]. In Nemzetiségi ismertető könyvtär. Vol. I (Budapest, 1913) (302 pp.)Google Scholar; Sándor, Bonkáló, A magyar rutének [The Hungarian Ruthenes] (Budapest: Pfeifer Ferdinand, 1920) (44 pp.)Google Scholar; Sándor, Bonkáló, A Ruthének (Ruszinok) [The Ruthenes(Rusyns)](Budapest: Franklin Társulat kiadása, 1940) (184 pp.).Google Scholar

²⁷ Tivadar, Lehoczky, Beregvármegye monografiája [Monograph on Bereg Comitat] (3 vols., Užhorod, 1881–1882) (463, 505, and 820 pp.)Google Scholar; Nyegre, L., Ungmegye monografiája [Monograph on Ung Comitat] (Užhorod, 1882)Google Scholar; Magyarország vármegyéi és városai: Zemplén vármegye [Hungary's Comitats and Cities: Zemplén Comitat] (Budapest: Apollo irodalmi társaság, 1896) (567 pp.)Google Scholar; István, Szabó, Ugocsa megye [Ugocsa Comitat]. In Magyarorság és Nemzetiség tanulmányok a magyar népiségtörténel köréböl, 1st ser., Vol. I (Budapest: Kiadja a Magyar Tudományos Akadémia, 1937) (xii, 615 pp.).Google Scholar

²⁸ Die österreichisch-ungarische Monarchie in Wort und Bild, Vol. V (Ungarn), Pt. 2 (Vienna: K. K. Hof-undStaatsdruckerei, 1900), pp. 363–482 Google Scholar. See also Gabriel, Daras, “Les Karpatorusses: leur chemin vers la conscience et l'unité nationale,” Nouvelle revue de Hongrie, Vol. LIX (Budapest, 1938), pp. 587–595 Google Scholar; and the references to Hodinka and Bonkáló in note 57.

²⁹ Karel, Kadlec, “Les Russes au sud des Carpathes citoyens de la République tchécoslovaque,” La nation tchéque, Vol. IV (Paris, 1919), pp. 804–814 Google Scholar; Karel, Kadlec, Podkarpatská Rus. In Mirové smlouvy kongressu pařižského a stát československý, No. 6 (Prague: Státovědecké společnosti, 1920) (28 pp.)Google Scholar; Florian, Zapletal, Rusini a naši buditelé [The Rusyns and Our National Awakeners] (Prague: Kolokol, 1921) (67 pp.)Google Scholar; Kamil, Krofta, Podkarpatská Rus a Československo [Subcarpathian Rus’ and Czechoslovakia] (Prague: Svaz národniho osvobozeni, 1935) (64 pp.)Google Scholar; Kamil, Krofta, “Ruthenes, Czechs, and Slovaks,” The Slavonic and East European Review, Vol. XIII (London, 1935), pp. 1–4, 362–371, and 611–626Google Scholar; Cyril, Kochannyj-Goralčuk, Podkarpatská Rus a minulosti a přitomnosti [Subcarpathian Rus’ in the Past and Present] (Prague: Státní nakladatelstvi, 1931) (160 pp.).Google Scholar

³⁰ Josef, Chmelař, Stanislav, Klima, and Jaromir, Nečas (eds.), Podkarpatská Rus: obraz poměrů přirodnich, hospodáŕských, politických, cirkevnich, jazykových a osvětoých [Subcarpathian Rus': A Description of Geographical, Economic, Political, Ecclesiastical, Linguistic, and Cultural Conditions] (Prague: Orbis, 1923) (210 pp.)Google Scholar. A Russian edition in Latin script also appeared under the title Podkarpatska Rus': obraz obstojatel'stv, prirodnych, hospodarskich, politčeskich, cerkovnych, jazykovych i prosvititel'nych (New York: Gazeta “Deń,” 1924) (205 pp.).

³¹ Jaroslav, Zatloukal (ed.), Podkarpatská Rus: Sbornik hospodářskeho, kulturniho a politického poznání Podkarpatské Rusi [Subcarpathian Rus': An Anthology of Economic, Cultural, and Political Information on Subcarpathian Rus'] (Bratislava: Klub přátel Podkarpatské Rusi, 1936) (334 pp.).Google Scholar

³² Sreznevskij, Izmail I., “Rus’ Ugorskaja: otryvok iz opyta geografii russkago jazyka” [Hungarian Rus': Excerpt from an Experiment on the Geography of the Russian Language], Věstnik imperatorskago russkago geografičeskago obščestva, Vol. 1, No. 1–2 (St. Petersburg, 1852), pp. 1–28 Google Scholar. See also Zadorožnyj, V. Je., “Zakarpattja v rosijs'kij publicystyci peršoji polovyny XIX St.” [Transcarpathia in Russian Publicistic Writings in the First Half of the Nineteenth Century], in Kul'tura i pobut naselennja ukrajins'kyx karpat (Užhorod: Užhorods'kyj deržavnyj universytet, 1973), pp. 97–104 (full bibliography).Google Scholar

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³⁴ Vergun, Dmitrij N. (ed.), Vosem’ lekcij o Podkarpatskoj Rusi [Eight Lectures on Subcarpathian Rus'] (Prague: Izdanie českoj školy političeskix učenij, 1925) (117 pp.)Google Scholar; Karpatorusskij Sbornik: Podkarpatskaja Rus' v čest' prezidenta T. G. Masarika [A Carpatho-Russian Anthology: Subcarpathian Rus'in Honor of President T. G. Masaryk] (Užhorod: Izdanie Podkarpatorusskago narodoprověctitel'nago sojuza, 1930) (329 pp.)Google Scholar; Podkarpatskaja Rus' za gody 1919–1936 [Subcarpathian Rus'during the Years 1919–1936] (Užhorod: “Russkij Narodnij Golos,” 1936)(196 pp.)Google Scholar; Nikolaj, Pavlovič, Russkajakul'tura i Podkarpatskaja Rus' [Russian Culture and Subcarpathian Rus']. In Izdanie kul'turno-prosvětitel'nago obščestva Aleksandra Duxnoviča, No. 23 (Užhorod, 1926) (19 pp.)Google Scholar; Antonij Lukovič, “Nacional'naja i jazykovaja prinadležnost’ russkago naselenija Podkarpatskoj Rusi” [The National and Linguistic Character of the Russian Population of Subcarpathian Rus']. In ibid., No. 40(1929) (20 pp.), and Karpatskij Svět, Vol. II, No. 1 (Užhorod, 1929), pp. 397–403.Google Scholar

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³⁶ For studies by Ukrainian ethnographers who were particularly interested in the Subcarpathian region, see Stepan, Tomašivs'kyj, “Uhors'ki rusyny v svitli urjadovoji uhors'koji statystyky” [Hungarian Rusyns in the Light of Official Hungarian Statistics], Zapysky Naukovoho tovarystva imeny Ševčenka, Vol. LXI (L'viv, 1903), pp. 1–46 Google Scholar; Stepan Tomašivs'kyj, “Etnografična terytorija Uhors'koji Rusy” [The Ethnographical Territory of Hungarian Rus'], ibid., Vol. LXVII (1905), pp. 1–18; Stepan, Tomašivs'kj, Etnografična karta Uhors'koji Rusy [An Ethnographic Map of Hungarian Rus'], in Lamanskij, Vladimir I. (ed.), Stat'i po slavjanověděniju. Vol. III (St. Petersburg: Izdanie vtorago otdělenija Imperatorskoj akademii nauk, 1910), pp. 178–269 (statistics and map)Google Scholar; Stepan, Tomašivskij, “Ugorskaja Rus'” [Hungarian Rus'], in Ukrainskij narod v ego prošlom i nastojaščem, Vol. II (Petrograd, 1916), pp. 421–426 Google Scholar; Volodymyr, Hnatjuk, Etnografični materijaly z Uhors'koji Rusy [Ethnographic Materials from Hungarian Rus'], Vols. I, II, and III, Pt. 1. In Etnografičnyjzbirnyk (40 vols., L'viv: Etnografična komisija Naukovoho tovarystva im. Ševčenka, 1895–1929), Vols. III, IV, and IXGoogle Scholar; and Volodymyr, Hnatjuk, “Rusini v Uhrách” [Rusyns in Hungary], Slovanský přehled, Vol. I (Prague, 1899), pp. 216–220 and 418–427Google Scholar. For a complete bibliography of Hnatjuk's works and articles about his activities in Subcarpathian Rus', see Naukovyjzbirnyk muzeju ukrajins'koji kul'tury v Svydnyku, Vol. III (Prešov, 1967), pp. 7–220.Google Scholar

³⁷ Dmytro, Dorosenko, Uhors'ka Ukrajina [Hungarian Ukraine] (Prague: Vsesvit, 1919) (34 pp.)Google Scholar; Karpats'ka Ukrajina [Carpathian Ukraine] (L'viv: Ukrajins'kyj vydavnyčyj instytut, 1939) (160 pp.) (reprinted in New York by Karpats'kyj sojuz in 1972)Google Scholar; Vasyl', Pačovs'kij, Ystorija Pôdkarpatskoî Rusy [A History of Subcarpathian Rus']. In Vydavnyctvo Tovarystva “Prosvila,” No. 4–7 (Užhorod, 1921) (142 pp.)Google Scholar (see also the third edition: Istorija Zakarpattja [A History of Transcarpathia] [Munich: Bdžilka, 1946]).Google Scholar

³⁸ Oleksander, Mycjuk, Narysy z socijal'no-hospodars'koji istoriji, b. uhors'koji, nyni Pidkarpats'koji Rusy [An Outline of the Socioeconomic History of the Former Hungarian, now Subcarpathian, Rus'] (2 vols., Užhorod-Prague, 1936–1938) (x, 246, and 390 pp.).Google Scholar

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⁴⁸ Jean, Mousset, Les villes de la Russie subcarpatique (1919–1938): l'effort tchécoslovaque. In Travaux publiés par l'institut d'études slaves, Vol. XVIII (Paris: Librairie Droz, 1938) (139 pp.).Google Scholar

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⁵⁰ Ferdinand, Lessek, Pravik Podkarpatskoi Rusy [Prehistoric Subcarpathian Rus'] (Užhorod: Vŷdavnyctvo Školnyj oddil civ. upravŷ Podk. Rusy, 1922) (42 pp.)Google Scholar; Jankovič, Josef M., Podkarpatská Rus v prehistorii—Podkárpatskád Rusz a prehistóriában [Subcarpathian Rus' in Prehistoric Times] (Mukačevo: Musejni společnosti Lehockého, 1931) (52, 62, 56 pp., 16 tables)Google Scholar. For the results of recent archeological research, see Potušnjak, Fedir M., Arxeolohični znaxidky bronzovoho ta zaliznoho viku na Zakarpatti [Archeological Findings from the Bronze and Iron Ages in Transcarpathia] (Užhorod: Užhorods'kyj deržavnyj universytet, 1958) (144 pp., 80 tables)Google Scholar; Smiško, Markian Ju., Karpats'ki kurhany peršoji polovyny peršoho tysjačolittja našoji ery [Carpathian Grave Mounds from the First Half of the First Millennium of Our Era] (Kiev: Vydavnyctvo Akademiji nauk Ukrajins'koji Radjans'koji Socialistyčnoji Respubliky, 1960) (186 pp.)Google Scholar; Bidzilja, Vasyl' I., Istorija kul'tury Zakarpattja na rubežinašojiery [History of the Culture of Transcarpathia at the Dawn of Our Era] (Kiev: Naukova dumka, 1971) (182 pp.).Google Scholar

⁵¹ On the foreign nobility, see note 45.

⁵² On Corvinus' popularity, as expressed in Rusyn folk tales, see Eugen, Perfeckij, “Podkarpatské a haličskoruské tradice o králi Matyášovi Corvinovi” [Subcarpathian and Galician Rusyn Traditions about King Mátyás Corvinus], Sbornik filosofické fakulty university Komenského, Vol. IV, No. 42 (Bratislava, 1926), pp. 219–278.Google Scholar

⁵³ Kontratovič, Irenej M., K istorii starodavnago Užgoroda i Podkarpatskoj Rusi do XIV věka [On the History of Užhorod and Subcarpathian Rus' to the Fourteenth Century]. In Izdanie kul'turno-prosveětitel'nago obščestva imeni Aleksandra Duxnoviča, No. 39 (Užhorod, 1928) (20 pp.)Google Scholar; Nikolaj A. Beskid, Karpatorusskaja drevnost' [Carpatho-Russian Antiquity]. In ibid., No. 43 (Užhorod, 1928) (160 pp.); Beskid, Nikolaj A., Karpatorusskaja Pravda [Carpatho-Russian Truth] (Homestead, Pa.: lzdanije “Amerikanskoho russkoho viestnika,” 1933) (297 pp.)Google Scholar; Julij, Gadžega, Dva istoričeskix voprosa: starožili-li karpatorossy i o načalax xristianskoj religii na Podkarpatskoj Rusi [Two Historical Questions: Are the Carpatho-Russians Autochthonous and how did Christianity begin in Subcarpathian Rus'?]. In Izdanie kul'turno-prosvětitel'nago obščestva imeni Aleksandra Duxnoviča, No. 42 (Užhorod, 1928) (47 pp.)Google Scholar. See also the reference to Pačovs'kij in note 37 and to Hadžega in note 40.

⁵⁴ A good example of such romantic historical writing is Anatolij, Kralyckij, Knjaz' Laborec': istoryčna povist' iz IX vika [Prince Laborec': A Historical Tale from the Ninth Century] (originally published in Galičanin [1863]; reprinted in Vydavnyctvo tovarystva “Prosvita,” No. 53 [Užhorod, 1925] [19 pp.])Google Scholar. See also articles by Anatolij, Kralyckij and Jurij, Žatkovyč which appeared in the 1890's in the journal Listok (Užhorod).Google Scholar

⁵⁵ The first to propound such theories was Joannicio Basilovits. See note 23. For a more objective appraisal of Korjatovyč, see Eugen, Perfeckij, “Dvě stati k dějinám Podkarpatské Rusi: 2. Kniže Fedor Koriatovič Mukačevský” [Two Articles on the History of Subcarpathian Rus': 2. Prince Fedor Korjatovyč of Mukačevo], Sbornik filozofickej fakulty university Komenského, Vol. 1, No. 6 (Bratislava, 1922), pp. 126–132 Google Scholar; Vasylij, Hadžega, “O pereselennju knjazja Fedora Korjatovyča do Madjarščynŷ” [On the Migration of Prince Fedor Korjatovyč to Hungary], Podkarpatska Rus', Vol. VI, No. 7 (Užhorod, 1929), pp. 153–157 Google Scholar; Vasylij, Hadžega, “Knjaz'Fedor Korjatovyč i Maramaroš” [Prince Fedor Korjatovyč and Máramaros], Podkarpatska Rus', Vols. VII (1930) and VIII (1931), pp. 68–75, 99–113, 141–148, and 169–175Google Scholar; Antonius, Hodinka, “Documenta Koriatovicsiana et fundatio monasterii Munkacsiensis,” Analecta Ordinis Sancti Basilii Magni, 2nd ser., Sect. 2, Vol. I, No. 2–3 (Rome, 1950), pp. 339–359; No. 4 (1953), pp. 525–551; Vol. II, No. 1–2 (1954), pp. 165–189.Google Scholar

⁵⁶ For a historical survey of the problem, see Jiři, Král, “Osidleni Karpatské Rusi: historický přehled” [The Settlement of Carpathian Rus': An Historical Survey], Sbornik československé společnosti zeměpisné, Vol. XXIX (Prague, 1923), pp. 65–83 Google Scholar; and a shorter version, “Ystorija kolonizacii Podkarpatskoi Rusy” [History of the Colonization of Subcarpathian Rus'], Podkarpatska Rus', Vol. I, No. 2–3 (Užhorod, 1924), pp. 37–43 and 68–72.Google Scholar

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⁷¹ See the references to Kolomiec in note 42. See also Mel'nyk, V. M., “Posylennja klasovoji borot'by na Zakarpatti v druhij polovyni XVII i na počatku XVIII st.” [Intensification of the Class Struggle in Transcarpathia in the Second Half of the Seventeenth and the Beginning of the Eighteenth Century], Naukovi zapysky, Vol. XXIX (Užhorod, 1957), pp. 39–62 Google Scholar; Ja. I. Šternberh, “Z istoriji spil'noji borot'by uhors'kyx i ukrajins'kyx seljan pid čas vyzvol'noji vijny 1703–1711 rr.”[From the History of the Joint Struggle of the Hungarian and Ukrainian Peasantry during the 1703–1711 War of Liberation], ibid., Vol. XXXVIII (Užhorod, 1959), pp. 97–120.

⁷² Andrij, Šaš, “Narys socijal'noji i hospodars'koji istoriji Šenborns'koji latyfundiji Mukačvs'ko-Čynadijevs'koji v peršij polovyni XVIII st.” [Outline of the Social and Economic History of Schönborn's Mukačevo-Čynadijevo Latifundia in the First Half of the Eighteenth Century], Naukovŷj zbornyk tovarystva “Prosvîta,” Vol. IX (Užhorod, 1932), pp. 101–134 Google Scholar. For documents dealing with serfdom from the Schönborn archives, see Markov, Osip O., “Materijaly dlja socijal'noj istoriji Podkarpatskoj Rusi v XVIII včkě” [Materials on the Social History of Subcarpathian Rus' in the Eighteenth Century], Karpatorusskij sbornik (Užhorod: Izdanie Podkarpatorusskago narodoprosvětitel'nago sojuza, 1930), pp. 137–145.Google Scholar

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⁹⁹ Netočajev, Vasyl'; I., “Kolonial'na polityka uhors'koho buržuaznoho urjadu na Zakarpatti v kinci XIX i na počatku XX st.” [The Colonial Policy of the Hungarian Bourgeois Government in Transcarpathia at the End of the Nineteenth and Beginning of the Twentieth Century], Naukovi zapysky, Vol. XXXVI (Uzhorod, 1958), pp. 30–54 Google Scholar; Vasyl'; I. Netočajev, “Zakarpattja naperedodni peršoji svitovoji vijny 1908–1914 rr.” [Transcarpathia on the Eve of the First World War, 1908–1914], ibid, Vol. XXIX (1957), pp. 91–136.

¹⁰⁰ Bobrinskij, Vladimir A., Pražskij s'ězd: Čexija i Prikarpatskaja Rus' [The Prague Congress: Bohemia and Carpathian Rus'] (St. Petersburg: Svět, 1909) (127 pp.)Google Scholar; Byrnes, Robert F., Pobedonostsev: His Life and Thought (Bloomington, Ind.: Indiana University Press, 1968) (xiii, 395 pp.).Google Scholar

¹⁰¹ Svěncickij, Ilarion S., Materialy po istorii vozroždenija Karpatskoj Rusi: II. Karpatorusskoe slavjanofil'slvo. Ugrorusskoe dviženie perioda vozroždenija [Materials on the History of the National Revival in Carpathian Rus': II. Carpatho-Russian Slavophilism. The Ugro-Russian Movement in the Era of Revival], In Naučno-lilerturnyi sbornik Galicko-russkoj maticy za 1908 god, Vol. VI, No. 3–4 (L'viv, 1909) (159 pp.) (documents)Google Scholar; Olena, Rudlovčak, “Za zavisoju mynuloho: materijaly do vzajemyn Zakarpattja z Rosijeju” [Beyond the Veil of the Past: Materials on the Relations of Transcarpathia with Russia], Duklja, Vol. XVIII, No. 3–4 (Prešov, 1970), pp. 60–67 and 59–68.Google Scholar

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¹⁰³ Marija, Majer, “Stanovyšče trudjaščyx Zakarpattja v roky peršoji svitovoji vijny” [The Conditions of the Working Class of Transcarpathia in the Years of the First World War], in Ukrajins'ko-uhors'ki istoryˇni zv'jazky (Kiev: Vydavnyctvo “Naukova dumka,” 1964), pp. 217–228 Google Scholar. See also Jurij, Kačij, “Zv'jazky naselennja Zakarpattja z rosijs'kym vijs'kom v roky peršoji svitovoji vijny” [The Relations of the Inhabitants of Transcarpathia with the Russian Military during the First World War], Arxivy Ukrajiny, No. 6 (Kiev, 1965), pp. 41–47.Google Scholar

¹⁰⁴ Oleksandr, Duxnovyč, Tvory [Works] (2 vols., Bratislava-Prešov: Slovac'ke pedahohične vydavnyctvo. Viddil ukrajins'koji literatury, 1967–1968)(790 and 733 pp.) (two volumes are still to appear)Google Scholar. For a critical analysis of Duxnovyč, see the historical introduction to Vol. I of the above by Olena Rudlovčak; Myxajlo, Ryčalka, O. V. Duxnovyč: pedahoh i osvitnij dijač [O. V. Duxnovyč: Pedagogue and Cultural Leader] (Bratislava: Slovenské vydavatel'stvo krásnej literatury, 1959) (486 pp.) (full bibliography and documents)Google Scholar; Oleksandr Duxnovyč: zbirnyk materijaliv naukovoji konferenciji prysvjaienoji 100 riččju z dnja smerti (1865–1965) [O. Duxnovyč.: Anthology of Materials from the Scholarly Conference dedicated to the Hundredth Anniversary of his Death, 1865–1965] (Presov: Kul'turnyj sojuz ukrajins'kyx trudjaščyx, 1965) (406 pp.) (full bibliography)Google Scholar. See also Beskid, Nikolaj A., Duxnoviči [Duxnovyč] (Homestead, Pa.: Izdanie redakcii “Amerikanskogo russkogo věstnika,” 1934) (127 pp.)Google Scholar. Hungarian writers have strongly criticized Duxnovyč for his supposed Russophilism. See especially Tivadar, Bacsinszky, Orosz-ruszin kapcsolatok a XIX szazad közepén [Russian-Rusyn Relations in the Mid-Nineteenth Century]. In Literalurno-naukova biblioteka, No. 7 (Užhorod: Vydanja Podkarpatskoho obščestva nauk, 1942) (ii, 108 pp.).Google Scholar

¹⁰⁵ Julij, Gadžega, Istorija Obščestva sv. Vasilija Velikago [The History of the Society of St. Basil the Great]. In Izdanie kul'turno-prosvětitel'nago obščestva imeni Aleksandra Duxnoviča, No. 15 (Užhorod, 1925) (47 pp.)Google Scholar. For a survey of the periodical press, see György, Böör, A Magyarországi időszaki sajtóa XIX században [Periodical Journals of Rusyns in Hungary during the Nineteenth Century] (Kolozsvár: A Ferenc József tudományegyetem történeti intézete, 1943) (53 pp.)Google Scholar; and Olena, Rudlovčak, “Do pytanžurnalistyky v ukrajinciv Sxidnoji Slovaččyny,” Duklja, Vol. X, No. 3 (Prešov, 1962), pp. 64–69.Google Scholar

¹⁰⁶ Francev, Vladimir A., “Iz istorii bor'by za russkij literaturnyj jazyk v Podkarpatskoj Rusi v polovine XIX st.” [On the History of the Struggle for the Russian Literary Language in Subcarpathian Rus' in the Mid-Nineteenth Century], Karpatorusskij sbornik (Užhorod: Izdanie Podkarpatorusskago narodoprosvětitel'nago sojuza, 1930), pp. 1–49 Google Scholar. See also studies on individual authors by Vergun, Dimitrij N., A. E. Fencik iego město v russkoj literature [A. E. Fencik and his Place in Russian Literature]. In Izdanie kul'turnoprosvětitel'nago obščestva imeni Aleksandra Duxnoviča, No. 22 (Užhorod, 1926) (22 pp.)Google Scholar; Nikolaj A. Beskid, Julij I.Stavrovskij-Popradov. In ibid., No. 50(Užhorod, 1929)(95 pp.); Popov, Aleksander V., Ivan Anlonovič Sil'vaj i Ivan lvanovič Rakovskij: kritikobiografičeskij očerk [Ivan A. Sil'vaj and Ivan I. Rakovskij: A Critical Biographical Survey] (Mukačevo: Izdanie Narodoprosvětitel'noj rady Nižne-Verečanskago okruga, 1929) (48 pp.)Google Scholar; Evgenij, Nedzel'skij, “Ivan Antonovič Sil'vaj (Uriil Meteor),” in Sil'vaj, Ivan A., Izbrannye proizvedenija (Bratisjava: Slovackoe izdatel'stvo xudožestvennoj literatury, 1957), pp. 13–76 Google Scholar; Andrej, Šlepeckij, “Tvorčeskoe nasledie Aleksandra Pavloviča” [The Creative Legacy of Aleksander Pavlovič], Sborník pedagogickej fakulty univerzity P. J. Šafárika v Prešove, Vol. IV, No. 2 (Bratislava, 1965), pp. 41–96 (full bibliography)Google Scholar. See also reference 104.

¹⁰⁷ Anatolij, Kralickij, “O sovremennom položenii russkix v Ugrii” [On the Present Situation of the Russians in Hungary], Slavjanskij sbornik, Vol. 1 (St. Petersburg, 1875), pp. 44–54 Google Scholar; Dobrjanskij, Adol'f I., O sovremennom religiozno-političeskom položenii avstro-ugorskoj Rusi [On the Present Religious and Political Situation in Austro-Hungarian Rus'] (Moscow, 1885) (52 pp.)Google Scholar; Sil'vaj, Ivan A. (Uriil Meteor), Izbrannye proizvedenija [Selected Works] (Bratislava: Slovenské vydavatel'stvo krásnej literatury, 1957) (410 pp.).Google Scholar

¹⁰⁸ The Russophile viewpoint is presented in Vladimir, Terleckij, Ugorskaja Rus' i vozroždenie soznanija narodnosti meždu russkimi v Vengrii [Hungarian Rus' and the Renaissance of National Consciousness among the Russians of Hungary] (Kiev, 1874) (52 pp.)Google Scholar; Liprandi, A. P., “Zabytyj ugolok Russkoj zemli: Ugorskaja Rus'” [A Forgotten Corner of the Russian Land: Hungarian Rus'], Russkaja beseda, Vol. 11, No. 4 (St. Petersburg, 1896), pp. 74–94 Google Scholar; “Nacional'noe dviženie v Ugorskoj Rusi” [The National Movement in Hungarian Rus'], Galicko-russkij véstnik, Vol. 1, No. 1 (St. Petersburg, 1894), pp. 19–24 Google Scholar; Putnik, [Francev, Vladimir A.], “Sovremennoesostojanie Ugorskoj Rusi” [The Present Condition of Hungarian Rus'], Russkij véstnik, Vol. CCLXV (Moscow, 1900), pp. 628–655 Google Scholar; Francev, Vladimir A., “Iz époxi vozroždenija Ugorskoj Rusi” [From the Period of Awakening in Hungarian Rus'], Naučno-literalurnyj sbornik Galickorusskoj maticy. Vol. I, No. 1 (L'viv, 1902), pp. 1–14 Google Scholar; Petrov, Aleksej L., Obétnografičeskojgranicé russkago naroda v Avstro-Ugrii, o somnitel'noj ‘vengerskoj'nacii i o nedélimosti Ugrii [On the Ethnographic Boundary of the Russian People in Austria-Hungary; on the Dubiousness of a “Hungarian Nation” and the Indivisibility of Hungary] (Petrograd, 1915) (46 pp.)Google Scholar; Petrov, Aleksej L., Mad'jarskaja gegemonija v Ugrii (Vengrii) i Ugorskaja Rus' [The Hungarian Hegemony in Hungary and Hungarian Rus'] (Grad sv. Petra, 1915) (24 pp.)Google Scholar (originally published in Slavjanskoe obozrěni, Nos. 4 and 5–6 [St. Petersburg, 1892], pp. 567–572 and 160–172)Google Scholar. The Ukrainophile viewpoint is found in Vasyl', Lukyč, Uhors'ka Rus'Jey rozv^jy teperišnij stan [Hungarian Rus', Its Development and Present State] (L'viv, 1887) (30 pp.)Google Scholar; Ivan, Franko and Volodymyr, Hnatjuk, “I my v Jevropi: protest halyc'kyx rusyniv proty madjars'koho tysjačolittja” [We are also in Europe: A Protest by Galician Rusyns against the Hungarian Millennium], Žytja islovo, Vol. V, No. I (L'viv, 1896), pp. 1–9 Google Scholar; Volodymyr Hnatjuk, “Uhrorus'ka mizerija” [Uhro-Rusyn Misery], ibid., Vol. VI, No. 1 (1897), pp. 46–62. Perhaps the most penetrating contemporary analysis was offered by the Ukrainian publicist Myxajlo, Drahomanov in his “Les paysans russo-oukrainiens sous les libéraux hongrois,” Le Travailleur, Vol. I, No. 4 (Paris, 1887)Google Scholar; Myxajlo, Drahomanov, Spravy Uhors'koj Rusy [Reporls from Hungarian Rus'] (L'viv, 1895) (15 pp.)Google Scholar (originally in Narod [L'viv, 1895])Google Scholar; Myxajlo, Drahomanov, Avstro-rus'ki spomyny: 1867–1877 (Austro-Rusyn Memoirs] (L'viv, 1889–1892) (456 pp.) (reprinted in Myxajlo P. Drahomanov: literaturno-publicystyčni praci [2 vols., Kiev: Vydavnyctvo “Naukova dumka,” 1970], Vol. II, pp. 151–288)Google Scholar. See also references 32, 33, and 36.

¹⁰⁹ Kyrylo, Studyns'kyj, “Aleksander Duxnovyč i Halyčyna: studija” [Aleksander Duxnovyč and Galicia: A Study], Naukovŷj zbornyk tovaryslva “Prosvita,” Vol. III (Užhorod, 1924), pp. 28–103 Google Scholar; Michal, Danilák, “Styky haličských a zakarpatských Ukrajincov v 2. polovici XIX. storičia” [Relations between Galician and Transcarpathian Ukrainians in the Second Half of the Nineteenth Century], in Žovten' i ukrajins'ka kui'tura (Prešov: Kul'turnyj sojuz ukrajins'kyx trudjaščyx, 1968), pp. 35–48 Google Scholar; Jurij, Bača, “Učast' zakarpats'kyx ukrajinciv u dyskusiji pro šljaxy rozvytku literatury v zaxidnyx zemljax Ukrajiny v kinci 40-x i na počatku 50-x rr. XIX stolittja” [The Participation of Transcarpathian Ukrainians in the Discussion on the Direction of the Development of Literature in the Western Lands of the Ukraine at the End of the_1840's and Beginning of the 1850's], Sbomik filozofickej fakulty univerzity Pavla Jozefa Šafárika v Prešove, Vol. 1 (Bratislava, 1960), pp. 48–65 Google Scholar; Helena Rudlovčaková, “K otázkam vzájomnych kultúrnych stykov. Slovákov a zakarpatských Ukrajincov v polovici minulého storočia” [On the Question of Mutual Cultural Relations between Slovaks and Transcarpathian Ukrainians around the Middle of the Last Century], ibid.*****, Vol. V (1965), pp. 149–165; Rot, A., “Prokul'turni zv'jazky čexiv i slovakiv iz zakarpats'kymy ukrajincjamy” [On the Cultural Relations of Czechs and Slovaks with Transcarpathian Ukrainians], in Z istoriji čexoslovac'ko-ukrajins'kyx zv'jazkiv (Bratislava: Vydatel'stvo Slovenskej akadémie vied, 1959), pp. 307–342 Google Scholar; Myxajlo, Mol'nar, Slovaky i ukrajinci: pryčynky do slovac'koukrajins'kyx lileraturnyx vzajemyn z dodatkom dokumemiv [Slovaks and Ukrainians: Materials on Slovak-Ukrainian Literary Relations. With an Appendix of Documents] (Bratislava-Presov: Slovac'ke pedahohične vydavnyctvo. Viddil ukrajins'koji literatury, 1965) (404 pp.) (documents).Google Scholar

¹¹⁰ Avhustyn, Vološyn, Spomynŷ [Memoirs]. In Knyžky Rusyna, No. 10 (Užhorod, 1923) (95 pp.)Google Scholar; Avhustyn, Vološyn, “Oborona kyrylyky: jak oboronjalysja pidkarp. rusyn proty ostann'oho ataku madjaryzaciji pered perevorotom?” [The Defense of the Cyrillic Alphabet: How the Subcarpathian Rusyns struggled against the Last Attack of “Magyarization” before the Revolution], Naukovyj zbirnyk tovarystva “Prosvita,” Vol. XIII–XIV (Uzhorod, 1937), pp. 85–117 Google Scholar; Mária, Mayer, “Beitráge zur Geschichte der Ruthenen (Karpatoukrainer) um die Jahrhundertwende,” Ada Historica Academiae Sciemjarum Hungaricae, Vol. XIX, No. 1–2 (Budapest, 1973), pp. 115–150.Google Scholar

¹¹¹ Československá statistika—La statistique tchécoslovaque (180 vols., 17 series, Prague, 1922–1948)Google Scholar. Of the seventeen series, the most pertinent are: I. Elections; II. Education; VI. Population Census; VII. Public Finance; XII. Agriculture; XIV. Movement of the Population.

¹¹² Macartney, Carlile A., “Ruthenia,” in his Hungary and Her Successors: The Treaty of Trianon and its Consequences, 1919–1937 (London: Oxford University Press, 1937), pp. 200–250.Google Scholar

¹¹³ René, Martel, La Ruthénie subcarpathique (Paris: Paul Hartmann, 1935) (188 pp.).Google Scholar

¹¹⁴ Oscar, Jászi, “The Problem of Sub-Carpathian Ruthenia,” in Kerner, Robert J.(ed.), Czechoslovakia (Berkeley, Calif.: University of California Press, 1940), pp. 193–215 Google Scholar; Augustin, Vološin, “Carpathian Ruthenia,” The Slavonic and East European Review, Vol. XIII (London, 1935), pp. 372–378 Google Scholar. See also Zdeněk, Peška, “Podkarpatská Rus” [Subcarpathian Rus'], in Slovnik veřejného práva Československého (5 vols., Brno: Polygrafia-Rudolf M. Rohrer, 1929–1948), Vol. III, pp. 107–115.Google Scholar

¹¹⁵ Hanak, Walter K., The Subcarpathian Ruthenian Question, 1918–1945 (Munhall, Pa.: Bishop Basil Takach Carpathian-Russian Historical Society, 1962) (48 pp.).Google Scholar

¹¹⁶ Jan, Brandejs, “Vývoj politických poměrů na Podkarpatské Rusi v období 1918–1935” [Political Developments in Subcarpathian Rus’ between 1918 and 1935], in Jaroslav, Zatloukal (ed.), Podkarpatská Rus (Bratislava:. Klub přátel Podkarpatské Rusi, 1936), pp. 72–88 Google Scholar; Oleksandr, Badan, “Klasy ta partiji na Zakarpats'kij Ukrajini” [Classes and Parties in Transcarpathian Ukraine], Prapor marksyzmu, Vol. II, No. 3 (Xarkiv, 1928), pp. 208–233 Google Scholar. Each party and faction had its own newspaper. These newspapers are valuable indicators of party policy. For a complete list of newspapers and their party affiliates, see the reference to the Žyvotko bibliography in note 20.

¹¹⁷ Petr, Hatalák, Jak vznikla myšlenka připojiti Podkarpatskou Rus k Československu [How the Idea arose to unite Subcarpathian Rus' with Czechoslovakia] (Užhorod: Státnítiskárna, 1935) (38 pp.)Google Scholar; Mamatey, Victor S., “The Slovaks and Carpatho-Ruthenians,” in O'Grady, Joseph P. (ed.), The Immigrants' Influence on Wilson's Peace Policies (Lexington, Ky.: University of Kentucky Press, 1967), pp. 224–249 Google Scholar; Joseph, Danko, “Plebiscite of Carpatho-Ruthenians in the United States recommending Union of Carpatho-Ruthenia with the Czechoslovak Republic,” Annals of the Ukrainian Academy of Arts and Sciences, Vol. XI, No. 1–2 (New York, 1964–1968), pp. 184–207 (6 documents)Google Scholar; Magocsi, Paul R., “The Political Activity of Rusyn-American Immigrants in 1918,” East European Quarterly, Vol. X, No. 2 (Boulder, Colorado, 1976)Google Scholar. See also the earlier unsigned article, “Podkarpatšti Rusíni v Americe pred v´lkou a za války” [Subcarpathian Rusyns in America before and during the War], Naše revoluce, Vol. IV (Prague, 1926–1927), pp. 267–279.Google Scholar

¹¹⁸ Žatkovič, Gregory I., Exposé byvšeho gubernatora Podkarpatskoj Rusi, Podkarpatskoj Rusi [Exposé of the Former Governor of Subcarpathian Rus' on Subcarpathian Rus'] (Homestead, Pa.: Rusin Information Bureau, 1921) (43 pp.)Google Scholar; Masaryk, Tom'š G., The Making of a State: Memories and Observations, 1914–1918 (New York: Frederick A. Stokes, 1927) (518 pp.).Google Scholar

¹¹⁹ Czechoslovak, Delegation, Mémoire No. 6: Problem of the Ruthenians of Hungary (Paris, 1919) (13 pp.) (reprinted, together with other Czechoslovak memoranda, in “La documentation internationale,” La Paixde Versailles, Vol. IX: Questions territoriales, Pt. 1 [Paris: Les éditions Internationales, 1939], pp. 2–153)Google Scholar. For a Czechoslovak view of the Peace Conference, together with texts of Beneš' proposals on Subcarpathian Rus', see Miller, David Hunter, My Diary at the Conference of Paris (21 vols., New York, 1924), especially Vols. IV, XIII, XIV, and XVII.Google Scholar

¹²⁰ Magocsi, Paul R., “The Subcarpathian Ruthenian Decision to unite with Czechoslovakia,” Slavic Review, Vol. XXXIV, No. 1 (Seattle, Wash., 1975)Google Scholar; Julij, Rusak [Julij Gadžega], Vospominanija [Memoirs] (Užhorod, 1938) (111 pp.)Google Scholar. The little-known developments in Jasinja and the surrounding Hucul region are discussed by Avhustyn, Stefan in Ukrajins'ke vijs'ko v Zakarpatti [The Ukrainian Military in Transcarpathia] (Toronto and New York: “Visti Kombatanta,” 1969) (28 pp.)Google Scholar. Independence in Jasinja is also the subject of a novel by Kuděj, Zdeněk M., Horalská republika: roman z Podkarpalské Rusi [The Mountainous Republic: A Novel about Subcarpathian Rus'] (Prague: “Sfinx” Bohumil Janda, 1932) (327 pp.).Google Scholar

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¹²⁴ Mel'nikova, Irina N., “Kak byla vkljuˇena Zakarpatskaja Ukraina v sostav Čexoslovakii v 1919 g.” [How the Transcarpathian Ukraine was incorporated into Czechoslovakia in 1919], Učenye zapiski Institm slavjanovedenija, Vol. III (Moscow, 1951), pp. 104–135 Google Scholar; Irina N. Mel'nikova, “Ustanovlenie diktatury českoj imperialističeskoj buržuazii v Zakarpatskoj Ukraine v 1919–1920 gg.” [The Establishment of the Dictatorship of the Czech Imperialist Bourgeoisie in the Transcarpathian Ukraine, 1919–1920], ibid., Vol. IV (1951), pp. 84–114; Baženova, N. P., “Z istoriji borot'by trudjaščyx Zakarpattja proty inozemnoji vojennoji okupaciji v 1919–1920 rr.” [On the History of the Struggle of the Workers of Transcarpathia against Foreign Military Occupation in 1919–1920], Naukovi zapysky, Vol. XXIX (Užhorod, 1957), pp. 137–163 Google Scholar. Though literary in nature, an excellent description of conditions during the initial years of the Czechoslovak administration can be found in the novel by Ivan, Olbracht, Nikola Šuhaj loupeŽnik (Prague: “Sfinx” Bohumil Janda, 1933) (282 pp.) (French, German, and English translations are available) (225 pp.).Google Scholar

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¹²⁹ For the Russophile interpretation, see Gus'naj, Igor I., Jazykovyj vopros v Podkarpatskoj Rusi [The Language Question in Subcarpathian Rus'] (Prešov, 1921) (32 pp.)Google Scholar; and Zorkij, N., Spor ojazykě v Podkarpatskoj Rusi i Ceškaja akademija nauk. Kakosvědomljaet dr. Ivan Pan'kevič češkuju publiku o našix jazykovyx dělax [The Dispute about Language in Subcarpathian Rus' and the Czech Academy of Sciences: How Dr. Ivan Pan'kevyč informs the Czech Public about Our Language Matters] (Užhorod, 1926) (80 pp.)Google Scholar. For the Ukrainophile viewpoint, see Avhustyn, Vološyn, Opys'mennom jazŷci podkarpatskyx rusynov [On the Literary Language of the Subcarpathian Rusyns]. In Vydavnyclvo tovarystva “Prosvila,” No. 1 (Užhorod, 1921) (42 pp.)Google Scholar; Za ridne slovo: polemika z rusofllamy [For the Mother Tongue: A Polemic with the Russophiles], Pt. 1 (Mukačevo: Učytel's'ka Hromada, 1937) (116 pp.)Google Scholar; Jižak, , Ukrajinec čy russkij? Lekcijidlja naroda [Ukrainian or Russian? Lectures for the People] (Mukačevo: Učytel's'ka hromada, 1938) (87 pp.).Google Scholar

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¹³⁸ See Michael, Yuhasz, Wilson's Principles in Czechoslovak Practice: The Situation of the Carpatho-Russian People under the Czech Yoke (Homestead, Pa., 1929) (61 pp.).Google Scholar

¹³⁹ Ministre des affaires étrangères de la République tchéchoslovaque, Mémoire concernant la Russie subcarpathique: territoire rulhène du sud des Carpathes (Prague, 1921) (39 pp.)Google Scholar; La Russie subcarpathique au point de vue de la question des nationalités (Prague, 1922) (23 pp.)Google Scholar. For a list of the protests to the League of Nations and the Czech responses, see the Dami reference in note 47 (pp. 231–232).

¹⁴⁰ Eduard, Beneš, Exposé sur le problème de la Russie subcarpathique et son rapport à la République tchécoslovaque (Prague, 1934) (60 pp.)Google Scholar. Czech, Ukrainian, and Russian editions are available.

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¹⁴⁶ Ján, Húsek, Národopisná hranice mezi Slováky a Karpatorusy [The Ethnographic Boundary between Slovaks and Carpatho-Russians]. In Knižnica “Prtúdov,” No. 2 (Bratislava, 1925) (512 pp.)Google Scholar; Halaga, Ondrej R., Slovanské osidlenie potisia a východoslovenski gréckokalolíci [Slavic Settlement beyond the Tisza River and East Slovak Greek Catholics] (Košice: Východoslovenský kultúrny spolok “Svojina,” 1947) (135 pp.).Google Scholar

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¹⁴⁹ Josef, Dudykevyč, Na marginesi bidy Pidkarpatskoj Rusy: sposterežennja ï zamitky [On tne Margin of Poverty in Subcarpathian Rus': Observations and Remarks]. In Vydavnyctvo “Ukrajins'koho Slova,” Pt. 2 (Užhorod, 1937) (62 pp.)Google Scholar; Eugen, Holly, Im Lande der Kabbalisien, der Religionskämpfe und des Hungers. Quer durch Karpathorussland (Pressburg: Verlag Grenzbote, 1927) (53 pp.)Google Scholar. For a discussion of the Jews in particular, see Jean, Mousset, “Le probleme juif en Russie subcarpatique,” Affaires étrangéres, Vol. VIII, No. 8 (Paris, 1938), pp. 501–512 Google Scholar; Yehuda, Erez (ed.), Karpalorus' [Carpathian Rus'] (Jerusalem-Tel Aviv: Encyclopedia of the Jewish Diaspora Publishing Co., 1959) (590 pp.)Google Scholar; Aryeh, Sole, “The Jews of Subcarpathian Ruthenia: 1918–1938,” in The Jews of Czechoslovakia, Vol. I (Philadelphia-New York: The Jewish Publication Society of America—Society for the History of Czechoslovak Jews, 1968), pp. 125–154 Google Scholar; Braham, Randolph L., “The Destruction of the Jews of Carpatho-Ruthenia,” in Hungarian-Jewish Studies (New York: World Federation of Hungarian Jews, 1966), pp. 223–235 Google Scholar; Shlomo, Rozman, Sefer zikhron kedoshim: Karpatoros-Marmorosh [Memorial Book of the Dead: Carpatho-Rus'-Máramaros] (Rehovot, Israel, 1969) (543 pp.).Google Scholar

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¹⁵⁴ Besides the anti-Communist tract by Gerando referred to in note 135, see the earlier history by the Subcarpathian Marxist Oleksandr Badan: Zakarpats'ka Ukrajina: social'no-ekonomičnyj narys [Transcarpathian Ukraine: A Socioeconomic Sketch] (Xarkiv, 1929) (176 pp.).Google Scholar

¹⁵⁵ Pavlo, Lisovyj and Myxajlo, Babydoryč, Trybuna trudjaščyx. (Do 50-riččja “Zakarpats'koji Pravdy”) [The Workers’ Tribune: On the Fiftieth Anniversary of “Transcarpathian Truth”] (Užhorod: “Karpaty,” 1970) (154 pp.).Google Scholar

¹⁵⁶ Mel'nikova, Irina N., “Iz istorii revoljucionnogo dviženija na Zakarpatskoj Ukraine v 1921–1924 gg.” [On the History of the Revolutionary Movement in the Transcarpathian Ukraine, 1921–1924], Učenye zapiski instituta slavjanovedenija. Vol. VI (Moscow, 1952), pp. 5–59;Google Scholar Xlanta, O. V., “Komunisty Zakarpattja—orhanizatory i kerivnyky klasovoji borot'by trudjaščyx v period tymčasovoji vidnosnoji stabilizaciji kapitalizmu (1924–1929 rr.)” [The Communists of Transcarpathia—Organizers and Leaders of the Class Struggle of the Workers during the Period of the Temporary, Relative Stabilization of Capitalism, 1924–1929], Naukovi zapysky, Vol. L (Užhorod, 1963), pp. 22–40 Google Scholar; O. V. Xlanta, “Z istoriji kolonijal'noji polityky čes'koji buržuaziji na Zakarpatti v 20-x rokax XX st.” [From the History of the Colonial Politics of the Czech Bourgeoisie in Transcarpathia during the 1920's], ibid., Vol. XXXVI (1958), pp. 90–104; Slyvka, Jurij Ju., Revoljucijno-vyzvol'na borot'ba na Zakarpatti v. 1929–1937 rr. [The Revolutionary Struggle for Liberation in Transcarpathia, 1929–1937] (Kiev: Vydavnyctvo Akademiji nauk Ukrajins'koji Radjans'koji Socialistyčnoji Respubliky, 1960) (156 pp.)Google Scholar; Bjelousov, Viktor I., Na šljaxu do peremohy: z isloriji komunistyčnoji orhanizaciji Zakarpals'koji Ukrajiny 1929–1939 rr. [On the Road to Victory: From the History of the Communist Organization in the Transcarpathian Ukraine, 1929–1939] (Užhorod: Zakarpats'ke oblasne vydavnyctvo, 1958) (238 pp.)Google Scholar; Rotman, Mykola E., Naperedodni druhoji svitovoji: z istoriji zakarpats'koji komunistyčnoji orhanizaciji 1933–1938 rokiv [On the Eve of the Second World War: On the History of the Transcarpathian Communist Organization, 1933–1938] (Užhorod: “Karpaty,” 1964) (139 pp.)Google Scholar; Spivak, Borys I., Narysy istoriji revoljucijnoji borol'by trudjaščyx Zakarpaltja v 1930–1945 rokax [Short History of the Revolutionary Working Class of Transcarpathia in the Years 1930–1945] (Užhorod: Vydavnyctvo L'vivs'koho universytetu, 1963) (378 pp.)Google Scholar; Narysy istoriji Zakarpats'koji oblasnoji partijnoji orhanizaciji [Short History of the Transcarpathian Provincial Party Organization], Vol. I: 1918–1945 (Užhorod: “Karpaty,” 1968) (336 pp.).Google Scholar

¹⁵⁷ Magda, Ádám, “Zaharbannja Zakarpattja xortists'koju Uhorščynoju v 1938–1939 rr.” [The Seizure of Transcarpathia by Horthy's Hungary in 1938–1939], in Ukrajins'kouhors'ki istoryčni zv'jazky (Kiev: Vydavnyctvo “Naukova dumka,” 1964), pp. 78–109 Google Scholar. See also note 162.

¹⁵⁸ Petro, Stercho, Karpato-ukrajins'ka deržava: do istoriji vyzvol'noji borol'by karpats'kyx ukrajinciv u 1919–1939 rokax [The Carpatho-Ukrainian State: Toward a History of the Liberation Struggle of Carpatho-Ukrainians in the Years 1919–1939] (Toronto: Naukove tovarystvo imeni Ševčenka, 1965) (288 pp.)Google Scholar (full bibliography). There is also a revised and expanded English version: Diplomacy of Double Morality: Europe's Crossroads in Carpatho-Ukraine, 1919–1939 (New York: Carpathian Research Center, 1971) (xxii, 495 pp.)Google Scholar (documents and full bibliography).

¹⁵⁹ Slyvka, Jurij Ju., Piastupy mižnarodnoji reakciji na Zakarpalti v 1938–1939 rr. [The Machinations of the International Reaction in Transcarpathia, 1938–1939] (L'viv: Vydavnyctvo L'vivs'koho universytetu, 1966) (69 pp.).Google Scholar

¹⁶⁰ Štefan, Fano, “Zakarpatská Ukrajina v politických kalkuláciách susedných štátov v období od Mníchova po marec 1939” [Transcarpathian Ukraine in the Political Calculations of the Neighboring States during the Period from the Munich Pact to March, 1939], Slovanské studie, Vol. XI, História (Bratislava, 1971), pp. 61–79 Google Scholar; Ivan, Pop, “Zakarpats'ka Ukrajina v jevropejs'kij kryzi 1938–39 rr.” [Transcarpathian Ukraine in the European Crisis, 1938–1939], Duklja. Vol. XV, No. 1 (Prešov, 1967), pp. 62–66 Google Scholar; Ladislav, Suško, “Nemecká politika voči Slovensku a Zakarpatskej Ukrajine v období od septembrovej krízy 1938 do rozbitia Československa v marci 1939” [German Policy towards Slovakia and the Transcarpathian Ukraine during the Period from the September Crisis of 1938 to the Breakup of Czechoslovakia in March, 1939], Československý časopis historický, Vol. XXI, No. 2 (Prague, 1973), pp. 161–197 Google Scholar; Andrij, Kovač, “Stanovyčše zakarpats'kyx ukrajinciv (rusyniv) i zanepad peršoji ČSR” [The Position of the Transcarpathian Ukrainians (Rusyns) and the Fall of the First Czechoslovak Republic], Naukovyj zbirnyk muzeju ukrajins'koji kul'tury v Svydnyku, Vol. VI, Pt. 1 (Bratislava-Prešov, 1972), pp. 7–37 Google Scholar; Hoensch, Jörg K., Der ungarische Revisionismus und die Zerschlagung der Tschechoslowakei. In Tübinger Studien zur Geschichte und Politik, No. 23 (Tübingen, 1967) (ix, 324 pp.) (full bibliography).Google Scholar

¹⁶¹ Documents on German Foreign Policy, 1918–1945, ser. D, Vol. IV: The Aftermath of Munich, October, 1938-March, 1939; and Vol. VI: The Last Months of Peace, March-August, 1939 (Washington, D. C: U. S. Government Printing Office, 1951 and 1956).Google Scholar

¹⁶² Diplomáciai iratok Magyarország külpolitikájához 1936–1945 [Diplomatic Papers on Hungarian Foreign Policy], Vol. II: A Müncheniegyezmeny létrejötte és Magyaroszág külpolitikája 1936–1938 [The Formulation of the Munich Agreement and Hungarian Foreign Policy] (Budapest: Akadémiai kiadó, 1965)Google Scholar; and especially Vol. III: Magyarország külpolitikája 1938–1939 [Hungarian Foreign Policy, 1938–1939] (Budapest: Akadémiai kiadó, 1970).Google Scholar

¹⁶³ Maciej, Koźmiński, Polska i Węgry przed drugą wojną świalową: październik 1938-wrzesierń 1939 [Poland and Hungary before the Second World War October, 1938-March, 1939] (Wroclaw: Wydawnictwo Polskiej akademii nauk, 1970) (371 pp.)Google Scholar. For a western viewpoint, see the report by Kennan, George F.: From Prague after Munich: Diplomatic Papers, 1938–1940 (Princeton, N. J.: Princeton University Press, 1968), pp. 58–75.Google Scholar

¹⁶⁴ Lapica, Michael C., “The Rise of Carpatho-Ukraine,” The Trident, Vol. III, No. 1–2 (New York, 1939), pp. 7–21 Google Scholar; Eugene Skotzko, “Mecca to Carpatho-Ukraine,” ibid., Vol. III, No. 3 (1939), pp. 6–22; Volodymyr, Levyc'kyj, Hitler, Čexy i Karpats'ka Ukrajina [Hitler, the Czechs, and Carpatho-Ukraine] (Scranton, Pa.: “Narodna Volja,” 1939) (22 pp.).Google Scholar

¹⁶⁵ Julian, Revay, “The March to Liberation of Carpatho-Ukraine,” The Ukrainian Quarterly, Vol. X, No. 3 (New York, 1954), pp. 227–234 Google Scholar; Augustin, Štefan, From Carpatho-Ruthenia to Carpatho-Ukraine (New York: Carpathian Star Publishing Co., 1954) (48 pp.)Google Scholar; Stepan, Rosocha, “The First Diet of Carpatho-Ukraine,” The Trident, Vol. III, No. 9–10 (New York, 1939), pp. 21–32 Google Scholar; Stepan, Rosocha, Sojm Karpats'koji Ukrajiny [The Carpatho-Ukrainian Diet] (Winnipeg: “Kul'tura i Osvita,” 1949) (98 pp.)Google Scholar; Vikentij, Sandor, “Karpats'ka Ukrajina: zfederovana deržava” [Carpatho-Ukraine: A Federated State], Zapysky Naukovoho tovarystva imeni Ševčenka, Vol. CLXXVII (New York, 1968), pp. 319–339.Google Scholar

¹⁶⁶ Lapica, Michael C. and Roman, Lacyk, “Republic for a Day,” The Trident, Vol. III, No. 4–5 (New York, 1939), pp. 8–27 Google Scholar; Michael, Winch, Republic for a Day: An Eye Witness Account of the Carpatho-Ukraine Incident (London: R. Hale, Ltd., 1939) (286 pp.)Google Scholar; Mykola, Galagan, “My Last Days in Carpatho-Ukraine,” The Trident, Vol. III, No. 7–8 (New York, 1939), pp. 18–31 Google Scholar; No. 9, pp. 32–40; and No. 10, pp. 33–40. The fullest account of the Hungarian occupation is Karpats'ka Ukrajina v borot'bi [Carpatho-Ukraine in Combat] (Vienna: Ukrajins'ka presova služba, 1939) (228 pp.).Google Scholar

¹⁶⁷ Volodymyr, Birčak, Karpats'ka Ukrajina: spomyny i perežyvannja [Carpatho- Ukraine: Recollections and Reminiscences] (Prague: Nacija v poxodi, 1940) (91 pp.).Google Scholar

¹⁶⁸ Eleanor, Perenyi, More Was Lost (Boston, Mass.: Little, Brown, and Co., 1946) (278 pp.).Google Scholar

¹⁶⁹ Štefan, Pažur, “O vývoji národnostných pomerov na východnom Slovensku v jesenných mesiacoch roku 1938”[On the Development of Nationality Relations in Eastern Slovakia in the Autumn Months of 1938], Nové obzory, No. 10 (Prešov, 1968), pp. 13–25.Google Scholar

¹⁷⁰ Nicholas, Kozma, “Le problème ruthène,” Nouvelle revue de Hongrie, Vol. LXI (Budapest, 1939), pp. 3–14 Google Scholar. For a fuller development of the Magyar interpretation, see Tivadar, Ortutay, Cseh világ a kárpátokban [The Czech Era in the Carpathians] (Už;horod, 1941) (250 pp.).Google Scholar

¹⁷¹ Aleksander, Bonkalo, “Rus'kyj lyteraturnŷj jazŷk—A ruszin irodalmi nyelv” [The Rusyn Literary Language], Zorja-Hajnal, Vol. I, No. 1–2 (Uzhorod, 1941), pp. 54–71 Google Scholar; József Rácz, “Kelet és nyugat a ruszin egyházi müvészetben” [The Influence of the East and the West on Rusyn Ecclesiastical Art], ibid., Vol. II, No. 1–2 (1942), pp. 43–57; Petro Myloslavskyj, “Rus'ka narodna pîsnja: puty istoryčnoho rozvytku” [The Rusyn Folk Song: The Path of Historical Development], ibid., pp. 58–97; László Balogh-Beéry, “A ruszinság rokonsági kapcsolatai” [Relations of Rusyn Families], ibid., pp. 98–107; Vilmos Balás, “Az Erdös Kárpátok és a Nagy-Alföld, ruszinok és magyarok” [The Wooded Carpathians and the Great Plain: Rusyns and Magyars], ibid., pp. 108–129; Gábor, Kemény, “Ungarn und die ruthenische Kulturgeschichte,” Donaueuropa, Vol. III (Budapest, 1943), pp. 597–610.Google Scholar

¹⁷² In A kisebbségi intézet kiadványai [Publications of the Minority Institute]. Those dealing with Subcarpathian Rus' are Vol. IV: László, Balogh-Beéry, A ruthén autonómia [Rusyn Autonomy] (Pécs, 1937) (26 pp.); Vol. X Google Scholar: István, Fenczik, A kárpátaljai autonómia és a kisebbségi kérdés [Carpathian Autonomy and the Question of Minorities] (Kecskemét, 1941) (16 pp.); and Vol. XIII Google Scholar: Gábor, Kemény, Ez a föld Magyarország! [This Land is Hungary!] (Kecskemét, 1941).Google Scholar

¹⁷³ A detailed account of the first years of Hungarian rule can be found in Loránt, Tilkovszky, Revizió és nemzetiségpolitika Magyarországon (1938–1941) [Revision and Nationality Policy in Hungary] (Budapest: Akadémiai kiadó, 1967) (349 pp.)Google Scholar. See also József, Bölöny, A Kárpátaljai Vajdaságról és annak ön kormányzatáról szóló törvényjavaslat birálata [The Carpathian Territory and a Critique of the Validity of the Bill concerning its Self-Government]. In Magyar közigazgatás könyvtára, No. 12 (Budapest, 1940) (30 pp.)Google Scholar; Vasyl, Markus, “Carpatho-Ukraine under Hungarian Occupation (1939–1944),” The Ukrainian Quarterly, Vol. X, No. 3 (New York, 1954), pp. 252–256 Google Scholar. The most important periodicals were the bimonthly Lyteraturna Nedîlja (Užhorod, 1941–44) and the annual Zorja-Hajnal(Užhorod, 1941–43). Articles in the latter were printed in Rusyn or Hungarian, or in parallel translation in both languages. All articles have short résumés in both French and German.

¹⁷⁴ Báró Zsigmond, Perényi and Aleksander, Yl'nytskyi, Za narod Podkarpatja: čto stalosja dosy na Podkarpatju? [For the People of Subcarpathia: What has taken place until now in Subcarpathia?] (Užhorod: Regentckyj komyssarijat Podkarpatskoj terrytorii, 1940) (38 pp.)Google Scholar. For basic statistical information (demography, employment patterns, land holdings), consult the special Hungarian census of June 15,1939, entered as the supplement: “The Returned Highlands and Carpathian Territory,” in Az 1930. évi népszámlálas [The Census of 1930], Pt. 6. In Magyarslatisziikai közlemények, new ser., Vol. CXIV (Budapest, 1941), pp. 237–262.Google Scholar

¹⁷⁵ Massalky, Prince Nicholas, “A Foreigner sees Subcarpathia,” The Hungarian Quarterly, Vol. III, No. 3 (Budapest, 1940), pp. 434–448 Google Scholar; Aldo Dami, “Ce que j'ai vu en Subcarpathie,” Nouvelle revue de Hongrie, Vol. LXII (Budapest, 1940), pp. 345–351; Jean Stark, “La reconstruction de la Subcarpathie,” ibid., pp. 352–358.

¹⁷⁶ Ivan, Vanat, “K niektorým otázkam zahraničného odboja zakarpatských Ukrajincov počas druhej svetovej vojny” [On Certain Questions concerning the Transcarpathian Ukrainian Struggle Abroad during the Second World War], in Žovten’ i ukrajins'ka kul'tura (Prešov: Kul'turnyj sojuz ukrajins'kyx trudjaščyx, 1968), pp. 351–369.Google Scholar

¹⁷⁷ Ivan, Vanat, “Zakarpats'ki ukrajinci v čexoslovac'komu vijs'ku v SRSR” [Transcarpathian Ukrainians in the Czechoslovak Army in the U. S. S. R.], in Šljax do voli: zbirnyk spohadiv i dokumenliv pro nacional'no-vyzvol'nu borot'bu ukrajins'koho naselennja Čexoslovaččyny proty fašyzmu v 1939–1945 rr. In Naukovyj zbirnyk muzeju ukrajins'koji kul'iury v Svydnyku, Vol. II (Prešov, 1966), pp. 183–201 Google Scholar; Andrij Kovač, “Ukrajinci Prjašivščyny v rjadax Červonoji Armiji” [The Ukrainians from the Prešov Region in the Ranks of the Red Army], ibid., pp. 315–348.

¹⁷⁸ See the various reminiscences in ibid.; Oni osvoboždali Zakarpat'e [They liberated Transcarpathia] (Užhorod: “Karpaty,” 1968) (272 pp.)Google Scholar; Myxajlo, Pytel, Borot'ba za Beskydy [The Struggle for the Beskid Mountains] (Bratislava-Prešov: Slovac'ke pedahohične vydavnyctvo. Viddil ukrajins'koji literatury, 1967) (270 pp.)Google Scholar; Myxajlo, Sabadoš, Parašutystom v Karpatax [A Parachutist in the Carpathians] (Bratislava- Prešov: Slovac'ke pedahohične vydavnyctvo. Viddil ukrajins'koji literatury, 1966) (400 pp.)Google Scholar; Ludvik, Svoboda, Z Buzuluku do Prahy [From Buzuluk to Prague] (Prague, 1961) (402 pp.) (German edition: Von Buzuluk bis Prag [Berlin: Deutscher Militärverlag, 1967] [343 pp.])Google Scholar; Grečko, Andrej A., Čerez Karpaty [Across the Carpathians] (Moscow: Voennoe izdatel'stvo Ministerstva oborony SSSR, 1970) (431 pp.).Google Scholar

¹⁷⁹ Petro, Xalus, V bojax za volju: borot'ba trudjaščyx Zakarpattja proly inozemnyx ponevoljuvačiv za vozz”jednannja z Radjans'koju Ukrajinoju (1939–1944 rr.) [In the Battle for Freedom: The Struggle of the Workers of Transcarpathia against Foreign Oppressors and for Unification with the Soviet Ukraine, 1939–1944] (Užhorod: Zakarpats'ke oblasne vydavnyctvo, 1959) (71 pp.)Google Scholar; Šljaxom Žovinja [On the Road to October], Vol. V: 1938–1944 (Užhorod: “Karpaty,” 1967) (518 pp.) (255 documents).Google Scholar

¹⁸⁰ Andrij, Kovač, “Nacional'na polityka Slovac'koji Respubliky po vidnošennju do rusyniv-ukrajinciv (1938–1945)” [The Nationality Policy of the Slovak Republic with regard to the Rusyn-Ukrainians, 1938–1945], in Žovten' i ukrajins'ka kul'tura (Prešov: Kul'turnyj sojuz ukrajins'kyx trudjaščyx, 1968), pp. 132–144 Google Scholar; Andrij, Kovač, “Ukrajinci Prjašivščyny i dejaki pytannja kul'turnoji polityky Slovac'koji Respubliky” [The Ukrainians of the Prešov Region and Some Questions about the Cultural Policy of the Slovak Republic]. In Naukovyj zbirnyk muzeju ukrajins'koji kul'tury v Svydnyku, Vol. IV, Pt. I (Prešov, 1969), pp. 401–412 Google Scholar; Andrij, Kovač, “Ukrajinci Sxidnoji Slovaččyny naperedodni slovac'koho narodnoho povstannja” [The Ukrainians of Eastern Slovakia on the Eve of the Slovak National Uprising], in Z mynuloho i sučasnoho ukrajinciv Čexoslovaččyny. In Pedahohičnyj zbirnyk, No. 3 (Bratislava: Slovac'ke pedahohične vydavnyctvo, 1973), pp. 196–216.Google Scholar

¹⁸¹ For insight into Soviet activities in the province, see the account by the former N. K. V. D. agent Nikola, Sinevirskij [Ivan Mondič]: Smerš (Kassel-Mönchehof: Vladimir Gorachek, 1948) (135 pp.)Google Scholar. An abridged English version is also available: Smersh (New York: Henry Holt and Co., 1950) (xi, 253 pp.).Google Scholar

¹⁸¹ Evseev, Ivan F., Narodnye Komiiety Zakarpatskoj Ukrainy—organy gosudarstvennoj vlasli (1944–1945) [The National Committees in the Transcarpathian Ukraine—Organs of State Power, 1944–1945] (Moscow: Gosudarstvennoe izdatel'stvo juridičeskoj literatury, 1954) (148 pp.)Google Scholar. See also Xainas, Vasyl' V., Roky velykyx podij: borot'ba trudjaščyx Zakarpattja pid kerivnyctvom komunistyčnoji partiji za vozz”jednannja z Radjans'koju Ukrajinoju (1944–1945 rr.) [The Years of Great Events: The Struggle of the Workers of Transcarpathia under the Leadership of the Communist Party for the Unification of the Soviet Ukraine, 1944–1945] (Užhorod: Zakarpats'ke oblasne vydavnyctvo, 1959) (59 pp.)Google Scholar; and the pertinent documents in Šljaxom Žovtnja: zbirnyk dokumentiv [On the Road to October: A Collection of Documents], Vol. VI: August, 1944-January, 1946 (Užhorod: “Karpaty,” 1965) (390 pp.; (219 documents).Google Scholar

¹⁸¹ František, Němec and Vasyl, Moudry, The Soviet Seizure of Subcarpathian Ruthenia (Toronto: Wm. B. Anderson, 1955) (ix, 375 pp.) (78 documents).Google Scholar

¹⁸⁴ Vasyl, Markus, L'incorporation de I'Ukraine subcarpalhique á I'Ukraine soviétique 1944–1945 (Louvain: Centre d'études ukrainiens en Belgique, 1956) (147 pp.) (12 documents)Google Scholar. See also Vincent, Shandor, “Annexation of Carpatho-Ukraine to the Ukrainian SSR,” The Ukrainian Quarterly, Vol. XIII, No. 3 (New York, 1957), pp. 243–254.Google Scholar

¹⁸⁵ Ihnat, A. M., “Uspixy kul'turno-osvitnoji roboty v Zakarpats'kij oblasti za roky radjans'koji vlady” [The Success in Cultural Work in the Transcarpathian Province during the Years of Soviet Rule], Naukovi zapysky, Vol. IX (Užhorod, 1954), pp. 369–397 Google Scholar; Pytannja rozvytku narodnoho hospodarstva radjans'koho Zakarpattja [The Question of the Development of the National Economy in Soviet Transcarpathia], ibid., Vol. XLIV (1961) (194 pp.). For an evaluation of studies on the post-1945 period, see Miščenko, Ninel' P., “Ukrajins'ka radjans'ka istoriohrafija pro rozvytok promyslovosti robitnyčoho klasu Zakarpattja za roky Radjans'koji vlady” [Soviet Ukrainian Historiography about the Development of Industry and the Working Class in Transcarpathia during the Years of Soviet Rule], in Velykyj Žovten' i rozkvit vozz”jednanoho Zakarpattja (Užhorod: “Karpaty,” 1970), pp. 339–347.Google Scholar

¹⁸⁶ Kozlovs'ka, Ljudmyla H., Rozvytok narodnoho hospodarstva Zakarpats'kojioblasti za roky radjans'koji vlady [The Development of the National Economy of the Transcarpathian Province during the Years of Soviet Rule] (L'viv: Vydavnyctvo L'vivs'koho universytetu, 1959) (165 pp.)Google Scholar. See also Narodne hospodarstvo Radjans'koho Zakarpattja: statystyčnyj zbirnyk [The National Economy of Soviet Transcarpathia: A Statistical Anthology] (Užhorod: “Karpaty,” 1969) (191 pp.).Google Scholar

¹⁸⁷ 10 rokiv Ukrajins'koho narodnoho teatru [Ten Years of the Ukrainian National Theater] (Bratislava: Slovenské vydavatel'stvo krásnej literatury, 1958) (243 pp.)Google Scholar; 15 rokiv na službi narodu: zbirnyk statej ta fotodokumentiv z nahody 15-riččja dijal'nosty Kul'tumoho sojuzu ukrajins'kyx trudjaščyx [Fifteen Years in the Service of the People: A Collection of Articles and Photo-Documents on the Occasion of Fifteen Years of Activity of the Cultural Union of Ukrainian Workers] (Prešov: Kul'turnyj sojuz ukrajins'kyx trudjaščyx, 1966) (133 pp.)Google Scholar; Hovoryt' Prjašiv: 30 rokiv ukrajins'koho radiomovlennja v Čexoslovaččyni [Prešov Speaking: Thirty Years of Ukrainian Radio Broadcasts in Czechoslovakia]. In Naukovo-populjarna biblioteka Kul'turnoho sojuzu ukrajins'kyx trudjaščyx, No. 3 (Prešov, 1968) (117 pp.)Google Scholar; 25- Ukrajins'komu narodnomu teatru [Twenty-five Years of the Ukrainian National Theater] (Bratislava-Prešov: Slovac'ke pedahohične vydavnyctvo. Viddil ukrajins'koji literatury, 1971) (224 pp.).Google Scholar

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¹⁸⁹ Pavel, Maču, “The Present State of National Consciousness among the Rusyns of Czechoslovakia,” Europa ethnica. Vol. XXXI, No. 3 (Vienna, 1974), pp. 98–111 Google Scholar; Pavel, Maču, “National Assimilation: The Case of the Rusyn-Ukrainians of Czechoslovakia,” East-Central Europe, Vol. II (Pittsburgh, Pa., 1975)Google Scholar; Michael, Lacko, “The Forced Liquidation of the Union of Užhorod,” Slovak Studies, Vol. I, Historica, No. 1 (Rome, 1961), pp. 145–185 Google Scholar; Vasyl', Markus', “Nyščennja hreko-katolyc'koji cerkvy v Mukačivs'kij Jeparxiji v 1945–50 rr.” [The Destruction of the Greek Catholic Church in the Mukačevo Eparchy, 1945–1950], Zapysky Naukovoho tovarystva im. Ševčenka, Vol. CLXIX (Paris- New York, 1962), pp. 385–405 Google Scholar; The Tragedy of the Greek Catholic Church in Czechoslovakia (New York: Carpathian Alliance, 1971) (68 pp.)Google Scholar; Pekar, Athanasius B., “Restoration of the Greek Catholic Church in Czechoslovakia,” The Ukrainian Quarterly, Vol. XXXIX, No. 3 (New York, 1973), pp. 282–296 Google Scholar; Grey, Hodnett and Potichnyj, Peter J., The Ukraine and the Czechoslovak Crisis. In Department of Political Science, Research School of Social Sciences, Australian National University, Occasional Paper, No. 6 (Canberra, 1970) (154 pp.).Google Scholar

¹⁹⁰ A comprehensive bibliography of works on Subcarpathian literary history is available in Zorja-Hajnal, Vol. II, No. 3–4 (Uzhorod, 1942), pp. 459–467.Google Scholar

¹⁹¹ Ivan, Franko, “Karpato-rus'ke pys'menstvo XVII-XVIII vikiv” [Carpatho-Rusyn Literature in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries], Zapysky Naukovoho tovarystva imeny Ševčenka, Vol. XXXVII-XXXVIII (L'viv, 1900), pp. 1–22 Google Scholar, 23–91, and 91–162(the first section was republished in Ivan, Franko, Tvory, Vol. XVI [Kiev: Deržavne vydavnyctvo xudožn'oji literatury, 1955], pp. 311–331)Google Scholar; Bilen'kyj, [Hijador N. Stryps'kyj], Starša rus'ka pys'mennost na Uhorščynî [Old Rusyn Writings in Hungary] (Užhorod, 1907) (16 pp.).Google Scholar

¹⁹² Volodymyr, Birčak, Literaturni stremlinnja Pidkarpats'koji Rusy [Literary Endeavors of Subcarpathian Rus']. Second edition published in Vydavnyctvo Pedagogičnoho tovarystva Pidkarpats'koji Rusy, No. 45 (Užhorod, 1937) (190 pp.).Google Scholar

¹⁹³ Myxajlo, Voznjak, Isiorija ukrajins'koji literatury [A History of Ukrainian Literature] (3 vols., L'viv: Nakladom tovarystva “Prosvîta,” 1924), Vol. III, Pt. 2, pp. 108–122 Google Scholar; Wolfango, Giusti, “La Russia subcarpatica e la sua letteratura,” Revista di letterature slave,” Vol. I, No. 1–2 (Rome, 1926), pp. 115–138.Google Scholar

¹⁹⁴ Petr, Feerčak, Očerk literaturnago dviženija ugorskix russkix [Outline of the Literary Movement of the Hungarian Russians] (Odessa, 1888) (42 pp.)Google Scholar; Evmenij, Sabov, Xristomatija cerkovno-slavjanskix i ugro-russkix liieraturnyx pamjatnikov [An Anthology of Church-Slavonic and Ugro-Russian Literary Monuments] (Užhorod: Knigopečatnyj fond eparxii mukačevskoj, 1893) (236 pp.)Google Scholar (the first section, “Očerk literaturnoj dějatel'nosti i obrazovanija karpatorussov” [An Outline of the Literary Activity and Education of the Carpatho-Russians], was reprinted in Izdanie kul'turnoprosvětitel'nago obščestva imeni Aleksandra Duxnoviča, No. 8 [Užhorod, 1925][32 pp.])Google Scholar. See also Aristov, Fedor F., Karpato-russkie pisaieli: Izsliědovanie po neizdannym istočnikam [Carpatho-Russian Writers: An Analysis based on Unpublished Sources], Vol. I (Moscow: Izdanie Galicko-russkago obščestva v Petrogradě, 1916) (304 pp.).Google Scholar

¹⁹⁵ Evgenij, Nedzěl'skij, Očerk karpatorusskoj literatury [An Outline of Carpatho-Russian Literature] (Užhorod: Izdanie Podkarpatorusskago narodoprosvětitel'nago sojuza, 1932) (289 pp.)Google Scholar; Pavel, Fedor, Očerki karpato-russkoj literatury so vtoroj poloviny XIX stolětija [An Outline of Carpatho-Russian Literature from the Second Half of the Nineteenth Century], In Izdanie Kul'turno-prosvětitel'nago obščestva imeni Aleksandra Duxnoviča, No. 56 (Užhorod, 1929) (76 pp.)Google Scholar; Javorskij, Ju'jan A., “Značenie i město Zakarpat'ja v obščej sxemě russkoj pis'mennosti” [The Significance and Place of Transcarpathia in the General Scheme of Russian Literature], in Sbornik praci I. sjezdu slovanských filologů v Praze 1929, Vol. II (Prague: Orbis, 1932), pp. 74–89 (full bibliography)Google Scholar. See also Vodovozov, Nikolaj V., “Russkie pisateli v Čexoslovakii” [Russian Writers in Czechoslovakia], in Revjakin, A. I. (ed.), Russkaja literatura i narodnoe tvorcestvo. In Učenye zapiski moskovskogo gosudarstvennogo pedagogičeskogo instituta (Moscow, 1962), pp. 186–218.Google Scholar

¹⁹⁶ Coleman, Arthur P. and Bezinec, George B., “The Rise of Carpatho-Russian Culture,” Central European Observer, Vol. XVI (Prague, 1938), No. 17, pp. 262–264 and 280Google Scholar; No. 18, pp. 295–296; No. 19, pp. 311–313; and No. 20, pp. 327–328.

¹⁹⁷ Antonin, Hartl, “Pisemnictvi Podkarpatských Rusínů” [The Literature of the Subcarpathian Rusyns], in Československá vlastivéda (10 vols., Prague: “Sfinx” Bohumil Janda, 1929–1934), Vol. VII, pp. 273–290.Google Scholar

¹⁹⁸ Sándor, Bonkáló, A kárpátalji rutén irodalom és müvelödés [The Literary and Cultural History of the Carpathian Rusyns]. In Felvidéki ludományos társaság kiadványai, 1st ser., No. 2 (Pécs, 1935) (79 pp.)Google Scholar; Ystorija Podkarpatskoî lyteraturŷ (Užhorod: Izdanie Regentskoho Komyssarijata, 1942) (64 pp.)Google Scholar. On the so-called “chaotic” developments during the Czech regime, see József, Rácz, “A legujabb ruszin irodalom” [The Most Recent Rusyn Literature], Kisebbségi körlevél, Vol. VII, No. 4 (Pécs, 1943), pp. 219–234.Google Scholar

¹⁹⁹ Vyšnevs'kyj, Ivan P., Tradyciji ta sučasnist' [Traditions and the Present] (L'viv: Knyžkovo-žurnal'ne vydavnyctvo, 1963) (239 pp.) (full bibliography).Google Scholar

²⁰⁰ Mykytas', Vasyl' L., Davnja literalura Zakarpattja: narysy literatury Zakarpattja doby feodalizmu [Old Literature of Transcarpathia: Outline of Transcarpathian Literature in the Feudal Period] (L'viv: Vydavnyctvo L'vivs koho universytetu, 1968) (254 pp.)Google Scholar; Myšanyč, Oleksa V., Literatura Zakarpattja XVII-XVIII stolit':istoryko-literaturnyj narys [The Literature of Transcarpathia in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries: A Historico-Literary Outline] (Kiev: “Naukova dumka,” 1964) (116 pp.)Google Scholar; Oleksa, Myšanyč, “Pysmenstvo rusynox Zakarpatja na narodnej bešedy už od konca XVI stoljityja” [Literature of the Rusyns of Transcarpathia in the National Tongue from the End of the Sixteenth Century], Nova dumka, Vol. III, No. 7 (Vukovar, 1974), pp. 105–115 Google Scholar; Oleksa Myšanyč, “Vyršovana lyteratura Zakarpatja 17–18 st.” [The Poetic Literature of Transcarpathia in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries], ibid., Vol. III, No. 8 (1974), pp. 41–48; Mykytas', Vasyl' L., Ukrajins'kyjpys'mennyk-polemist Myxajlo Andrella [The Ukrainian Writer-Polemist, Myxajlo Andrella] (Užhorod, 1960).Google Scholar

²⁰¹ Vasyl', Mykytas', Haluzka mohutn'oho dereva: literaturnyj narys [A Branch of a Great Tree: A Literary Outline] (Užhorod: Vydavnyctvo “Karpaty,” 1971)(208 pp.)Google Scholar; Juryij, Bača, Literaturnyj rux na Zakarpatti seredyny XIX stolittja [The Literary Movement in Transcarpathia in the Mid-Nineteenth Century] (Prešov: Slovac'ke pedahohične vydavnyctvo. Viddil ukrajins'koji literatury, 1961) (271 pp.) (bibliography)Google Scholar; Mykytas', Vasyl' L., Literaturnyj rux na Zakarpatti druhoji polovyny XIX st. [The Literary Movement in Transcarpathia in the Second Half of the Nineteenth Century] (Užhorod: Užhorods'kyj deržavnyj universytet, 1965) (103 pp.)Google Scholar; Lintur, Petro V., “Tradicii russkogo klassicizma v literature Zakarpat'ja XIX v.” [The Traditions of Russian Classicism in the Literature of Transcarpathia in the Nineteenth Century], in Russkaja literatura XVIII veka i slavjanskie literatury (Moscow: Akademia nauk SSSR, 1963), pp. 122–136 Google Scholar; Nykolaj, Lelekač, “Podkarpatskoe pys'menstvo na počatku XX vika” [Subcarpathian Literature in the Beginning of the Twentieth Century], Zorja-Hajnal, Vol. III, No. 1–4 (Užhorod, 1943), pp. 229–257.Google Scholar

²⁰² Jurij, Baleha, Literatura Zakarpattja 20–30-yx rokiv XX stolittja [The Literature of Transcarpathia in the 1920's and 193O's](Kiev: Radjans'kyj pys'mennyk, 1962)(245 pp.)Google Scholar. See also the earlier excellent surveys by Antonin, Hartl, “Literárni obrozeni Podkarpatských Rusinů v letech 1920–1930” [The Literary Revival of the Subcarpathian Rusyns in the Years 1920–1930], Slovansky přehled. Vol. XXII (Prague, 1930), pp. 183–199, 272–280, 319–333, 425–435, and 487–504Google Scholar; and Evgenij, Nedzěl'skij, “Sovremennaja karpato-russkaja literatura” [Contemporary Carpatho-Russian Literature], Central'naja Evropa, Vol. IV, No. 4 (Prague, 1931), pp. 201–212 Google Scholar; and the articles by Antonin, Hartl, Jevgenij, Nedzělskij, and Vladimir, Birčak in Jaroslav, Zatloukal (ed.), Podkarpatská Rus (Bratislava: Klub přátel Podkarpatské Rusi, 1936), pp. 181–202.Google Scholar

²⁰³ Oleg, Grabar, Poezija Zakarpat'ja 1939–1944 [The Poetry of Transcarpathia, 1939–1944] (Bratislava: Slovenské vydavatel'stvo krásnej literatury, 1957) (316 pp.)Google Scholar. For this period see the bimonthly Lyteraturna Nedîlja (referred to in note, 173). Vasyl', Mykytas' and Olena, Rudlovčak, Poety Zakarpattja:antolohija zakarpatoukrajins'kojipoeziji (XVI st.-1945 r.) [The Poets of Transcarpathia: An Anthology of Transcarpathian Ukrainian Poetry from the Sixteenth Century to 1945] (Bratislava-Prešov: Slovac'ke pedahohične vydavnyctvo. Viddil ukrajins'koji literatury, 1965) (661 pp.)Google Scholar; Evgenij, Nedzěl'skij, Ugrorusskij teatr [The Ugro-Russian Theater] (Užhorod, 1941) (112 pp.).Google Scholar

²⁰⁴ Duklja, , žurnal dlja literatury, publicystyky ta mystectva [Duklja, a Journal of Literature, Journalism, and Art] (Prešov, 1953-)Google Scholar; Olena, Rudlovčak, “Literaturni stremlinnja ukrajinciv Sxidnoji Slovaččyny u 20–30-x rokax načoho stolittja” [The Literary Endeavors of the Ukrainians of Eastern Slovakia in the 1920's and 1930's], in Žovten'i ukrajins'ka kul'tura (Prešov. Kul'turnyj sojuz ukrajins'kyx trudjaščyx, 1968), pp. 145–172 Google Scholar; Orest, Zilyns'kyj (ed.), Literatura čexoslovac'kyx ukrajinciv 1945–1967: problemy i perspektyvy [The Literature of the Czechoslovak Ukrainians, 1945–1967: Problems and Perspectives] (Bratislava-Prešov: Slovac'ke pedahohične vydavnyctvo. Viddil ukrajins'koji literatury, 1968) (156 pp.)Google Scholar; Orest, Zilyns'kyj, “Naša literaturna sytuacija” [Our Literary Situation], Duklja, Vol. XVIII, No. 2 (Prešov, 1969), pp. 1–7 Google Scholar; Il'ja, Vološčuk, Sovremennaja ukrainskaja literatura v Čexoslovakii [Contemporary Ukrainian Literature in Czechoslovakia] (Bratislava: Slovenske vydavatel'stvo krásnej litejatury, 1957)(221 pp.)Google Scholar; Fedir, Kovač, Dejaki problemy rozvytku ukrajins'koji literatury v Čexoslovaččyni (pisljavojennyj period)[Certain Problems in the Development of Ukrainian Literature in Czechoslovakia]. In Naukovo-populjarna biblioteka Kul'turnoho sojuza ukrajins'kyx trudjaščyx, No. 6 (Prešov, 1973) (159 pp.).Google Scholar

²⁰⁵ See the Tomašivs'kyj studies referred to in footnote 36; Hiador, Sztripszky, “A magyarországi ruténség néprajzi térképe” [An Ethnographic Map of Hungary's Rusyns], Néprajzi értesíiö, Vol. XI (Budapest, 1910)Google Scholar; Petrov, Aleksej L., “Kdy vznikly ruské osady na uherské Dolní zemi a vůbec za Karpaty?—K demografii zakarpatské Rusi” [When did the Russian Settlements on the Hungarian Plain and, in General, those beyond the Carpathians originate. On Demography in Transcarpathian Rus'], Česky časopis historický, Vol. XXIX, No. 3–4 (Prague, 1923), pp. 411–442.Google Scholar

²⁰⁶ Gyula, Polyánszky, A görög kalholikusok Zemplén varmegyében: Adalékok Zempleé varmegye történetéhez [Greek Catholics in Zemplén Comitat: A Contribution to the History of Zemplén Comitat] (Sátoraljaújhely, 1897)Google Scholar; Jenö, Szabó, A görögkatholikus Magyarország utolsó kalvária útja [The Greek Catholics of H ungary on Their Last Road to Calvary] (Budapest, 1913) (520 pp.)Google Scholar; János, Karácsonyi, A görögkatholikus magyarok eredete [The Origin of the Greek Catholic Magyars] (Budapest: Stephanium nyomda és könyvkiadó, 1924) (24 pp.).Google Scholar

²⁰⁷ Attila, Paládi-Kovács, “Ukrán szórványok a 18–19. században a mai Magyarország északkeleti részén” [The Scattered Few Ukrainian Settlements of the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries in the Northeastern Part of Contemporary Hungary], in Gyula, Ortutay (ed.), Népi kuliúra—népi társadalom. In A Magyar tudományos akadémia néprajzi kutató csoportjának évkönyve. Vol. VII (Budapest: Akadémiai kiadó, 1973), pp. 327–367 Google Scholar (translated into Bačka Rusyn under the title: “Ukrajinsky ostrova u syverovostočnej čascy Madjarskej u XVII1-XIX vyku” [Ukrainian Islets in Northeastern Hungary in the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries], Novadumka, Vol. III, Nos. 7 and 8 (Vukovar, 1974), pp. 107–112 and 157–160.Google Scholar

²⁰⁸ Èmil', Baleckij, “O jazykovoj prinadležnosti i zaselenii sela Komloška v Vengrii” [On the Linguistic Affiliation and Population of the Village of Komloska in Hungary], Studia slavica. Vol. II (Budapest, 1956), pp. 345–364 Google Scholar; Èmil' Baleckij,“Vengerskie zaimstvovanija v lemkovskom govore sela Komloška v Vengrii” [On Hungarian Loanwords in the Lemkian Dialect of the Hungarian Village of Komloska], ibid., Vol. IV (1958), pp. 23–46.

²⁰⁹ Cerović, Emilija V., “Ogled bibliografije radova o jugoslovenskim rusinima i ukrajincima” [Survey of a Bibliography of Works on the Rusyns and Ukrainians of Jugoslavia], in Tradycyjna kultura jugoslavjanskyx rusynox (Novi Sad: “Ruske Slovo,” 1971), pp. 288–310 Google Scholar. This bibliography includes only works published on the territory of Jugoslavia. It has 432 entries arranged under the following topics: general works; historical past; population; economy; social life; national customs; medicine; intellectual life, religion, beliefs; culture, language, theater; folk culture; literature; and index.

²¹⁰ On demographic developments, see the Hungarian statistical works referred to in note 87; and the Jugoslav census reports: Popis sianovištva 1961 [Population Census 1961] (16 vols., Belgrade: Savezni zavod za statistiku, 1965–1971)Google Scholar; Popis sianovištva i stanova 1971 [Population and Housing Census of 1971], Stanovištvo (II vols.) and Stanovi (7 vols.) (Belgrade: Savezni zavod za statistiku, 1972–1974)Google Scholar. See also “Kel'o nas jest y dze žyjeme?” [How Many of Us are Here and Where do We Live?], Nova dumka. Vol. I, No. 2 (Vukovar, 1972), pp. 28–32.Google Scholar

²¹¹ István, Frankl, “Ruthének” [Ruthenes], in Bács-Bodrogh vármegye egyetemes monografiája. Vol. II (Zombon: Bitterman Nándor és fia könyv és könyvnyomdája, 1886), pp. 406–411 Google Scholar; Jan, Auerhan, Československá větev v Jugoslavii[The Czechoslovak Branch in Jugoslavia]. In Knihovna československého ústavu zahraničniho. No. 1(Prague, 1930), especially pp. 80–86Google Scholar; “Rusini u Jugoslaviji” [Rusyns in Jugoslavia], in Malorusi i Ukrajina (Zagreb, 1939), p. 84 Google Scholar; Myxajlo, Marunčak, Ukrajinci v Rumuniji, Cexo-slovaččyni, Pol'šči, Jugoslaviji [Ukrainians in Romania, Czechoslovakia, Poland and Jugoslavia] (Winnipeg: General Library, 1969), especially pp. 43–56Google Scholar; Oleksa, Horbach, “Ukrainians Abroad: in Yugoslavia,” in Ukraine: A Concise Encyclopedia (2 vols., Toronto: University of Toronto for the Ukrainian National Association, 1963–1971), Vol. II, pp. 1248–1253.Google Scholar

²¹² The recent Tradycyjna kultura jugoslavjanskyx rusynox [The Traditional Culture of Jugoslavia's Rusyns] (Novi Sad: “Ruske slovo,” 1971) (320 pp.)Google Scholar contains twenty articles (with resumés in French), most of which deal with ethnographic problems.

²¹³ The works which became the source of controversy are Volodymyr Hnatjuk, “Rus'ki oseli v Batčci” [Rusyn Settlements in the Bačka], Zapysky Naukovoho tovarystva imeny Ševčenka, Vol. XXII, No. 2 (L'viv, 1898), pp. 1–58 Google Scholar; Volodymyr Hnatjuk, “Slovaky čy Rusyny?: pryčynok do vyjasnenja sporu pro nacional'nist' zaxidnyx rusyniv” [Slovaks or Rusyns? A Contribution to the Debate concerning the Nationality of the Western Rusyns], ibid., Vol. XLII, No. 4 (1901), pp. 1–81. The folk songs and tales from the Bačka and Banat were published in Volodymyr, Hnatjuk, Etnografični materijaly z Uhors'koji Rusy [Ethnographic Material from Hungarian Rus'], Vols. III, Pt. 2, IV, V, VI. In Etnografičnyj zbirnyk (40 vols., L'viv: Etnografičina komisija Naukovoho tovarystva im. Ševčenka, 1895–1929), Vols. IX, XXV, XXIX, XXXGoogle Scholar. The tales and songs from these collections have been transcribed back into Bačka, Rusyn and published in Djura, Latjak (ed.), Narodny prypovidky bačvan'skyx Rusynox po etnografyčnyx materyjalox Volodymyra Hnatjuka [Folk Tales of the Bačka Rusyns from the Ethnographic Material of Volodymyr Hnatjuk] (Ruski Krstur: “Ruske slovo,” 1967) (326 pp.)Google Scholar; and Djura, Latjak (ed.), Rusky narodny pysnji u zapysox V. M. Hnatjuka [Rusyn Folk Songs in the Writings of V. M. Hnatjuk] (Novi Sad: “Ruske slovo,” 1972) (276 pp.)Google Scholar. On Hnatjuk's activities in the Voivodina, see Myxajlo Jacenko, “Volodymyr Hnatjuk y bačvansky rusnacy” [Volodymyr Hnatjuk and the Bačka Rusnaks], in ibid., pp. 239–265; and Mykola, Mušynka, “Volodymyr Hnatjuk: peršyj doslidnyk žyttja i narodnoji kul'tury rusynivukrajinciv Jugoslaviji” [Volodymyr Hnatjuk, the First Researcher on the Life and National Culture of the Rusyn-Ukrainians of Jugoslavia], in Djura, Latjak (ed.), Narodny prypovidky bačvan'skyx Rusynox po etnografyčnyx materyjalox Volodymyra Hnatjuka(Ruski Krstur: “Ruske slovo,” 1967), pp. 7–69.Google Scholar

²¹⁴ František, Pastrnek, “Rusini jazyka slovenského: odpověd' panu Vlad. Hnatjukovi” [Slovak-Speaking Rusyns: An Answer to Mr. Volodymyr Hnatjuk], in Lamanskii, Vladimir I. (ed.), Stat'i po slavjanověděniju (2 vols., St. Petersburg: Izdanie vtorogo otdělenija Imperatorskoj akademij nauk, 1906), Vol. II, pp. 60–78 Google Scholar; Sobolevskij, Aleksej I., “Ne Russkie, a Slovaki” [Not Russians but Slovaks], Etnografičeskoe obozrěnie, Vol. X, Book 39, No. 4 (Moscow, 1899), pp. 147–149 Google Scholar; Olaf, Broch, “Aus der ungarischen Slavenwelt,” Archiv für slavische Philologie, Vol. XXI (Berlin, 1899), pp. 54–61.Google Scholar

²¹⁵ Georgyj, Besermynji, “Nasel'ovanje Rusnacox do Šydu” [The Settlement of Rusyns in Šid], Rusky kalendar 1938 (Ruski Krstur, 1937), pp. 36–42 Google Scholar; Slavko, Gavrilović, “Prilog istoriji Rusina u Bačkoj sredinom XVIII veka” [A Contribution to the History of the Rusyns in the Bačka in the Mid-Eighteenth Century], Zbornik za društvene nauke Matica srpska. Vol. XLVIII (Novi Sad, 1967), pp. 106–113 Google Scholar; Onufrij Timko, “Naseljenici Ruskog Krstura i Kucure” [The Population of Ruski Krstur and Kocur], ibid., Vol. L(1968), pp. 129–142; Onufrij, Timko, “Naseljency Kerestura y Kocura” [The Population of Ruski Krstur and Kocur], Švetlosc, Vol. VII, No. 2 (Novi Sad, 1969), pp. 143–163 Google Scholar; Miljana, Radovanović and Breda, Vlahović, “Prilog proučavanju migracionih kretanja rusina u Bačkoj [A Contribution to the Study of Migratory Movements of Rusyns in the Bačka], in Tradycyjna kultura jugoslavjanskyx rusynox (Novi Sad: “Ruske slovo,” 1971), pp. 18–30.Google Scholar

²¹⁶ Vlado, Kostelnyk, “Rusyny u Sryme i Slavonyi—už u XIII stolityju”[Rusyns in Srem and Slavonia as Early as the Thirteenth Century], Nova dumka, Vol. II, No. 5 (Vukovar, 1973), pp. 89–96.Google Scholar

²¹⁷ Pekar, Atanasij V., Narysy isloriji cerkvy Zakarpattja: jerarxične oformlennja[Essays on the History of the Church in Transcarpathia: Formation of the Hierarchy]. In Analecta Ordinis Sancti Basilii Magni, 2nd ser., Sect. 2, Vol. XXII, Pt. 1 (Rome, 1967), pp. 177–180 Google Scholar; Havriil, Kostel'nyk, “Kryživs'ka eparxija” [The Križevci Eparchy], Nyva, Vol. XXX (L'viv, 1932), pp. 134–139, 168–179, and 209–215Google Scholar; and Vol. XXXI(1933), pp. 143–147 and 175–181.

²¹⁸ On this important figure, see Djura Papharhaji, “Havryjil Kostel'nyk: začatnjik umetnjickej lyteratury jugoslavjanskyx rusnacox” [Havryjil Kostel'nyk: The Founder of Belles-Lettres among the Jugoslav Rusnaks], in Havryjil, Kostel'nyk, Poezyja na bačvansko-srymskym ruskym lyteraturnym jazyku (Novi Sad: “Ruske slovo,” 1970), pp. 7–87.Google Scholar

²¹⁹ On the sociological context of this development, see Duličenko, Aleksander D., “Stanovlenie i razvitie rusinskogo literaturnogo jazyka v Jugoslavii”[The Formation and Development of the Rusyn Literary Language in Jugoslavia], Sovetskoe slavjanovedenie, Vol. VIII, No. 3 (Moscow, 1972), pp. 38–50 Google Scholar; Duličenko, Aleksander D., “Z ystoriyi formovanja ruskoho lyteraturnoho jazyka” [On the History of the Formation of the Rusyn Literary Language], Nova dumka, Vol. II, No. 4 (Vukovar, 1973), pp. 46–47 Google Scholar; and Oleksa, Horbač, “Literaturna mova bačvans'ko-srims'kyx ukrajinciv (‘rusyniv’)” [The Literary Language of the Bačka and Srem Ukrainians (Rusyns)], Zapysky Naukovoho tovarystva im. Ševčenka, Vol. CLXIX (Paris-New York-Munich-Toronto-Sydney, 1962), pp. 265–282 Google Scholar. For a linguistic analysis, see ibid.; Kočyč, Mykola M., Pravopys ruskoho jazyka [Orthography of the Rusyn Language] (Novi Sad: “Ruske slovo,” 1971) (160 pp.)Google Scholar; and Bidwell, Charles E., “The Language of the Bačka Ruthenians in Yugoslavia,” The Slavic and East European Journal, Vol. X, No. 1 (Madison, Wisconsin, 1966), pp. 32–45.Google Scholar