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Austria between East and West: Budapest and Berlin, 1918–19191

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 February 2009

Alfred D. Low
Alfred D. Low
Affiliation:
Marquette University
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Extract

Situated in the very heart of Europe, German-Austria, pitiful remainder of the once glorious and powerful Habsburg empire, was in the immediate postwar period subject to influences from both the East and the West: from distant Russia, swept by revolution and civil war and anxious to spread the gospel of Bolshevism beyond her uncertain borders, and from the victorious democratic and capitalist West, especially France and Great Britain. The Entente seemed determined to protect Austria and Central Europe from the two chief dangers which loomed on the horizon: the thrust into neighboring Austria of the newly established Soviet Hungarian Republic—the second Soviet regime in the world—and Anschluss with the new German Republic—a union which would strengthen and aggrandize the Reich at a time when weakening the German colossus and preventing its resurgence seemed to the Western Powers to be imperative.

Type
The Disintegration of the Habsburg Monarchy: Some Semi-Centennial Reappraisals
Information
Austrian History Yearbook , Volume 4 , January 1968 , pp. 44 - 62
Copyright
Copyright © Center for Austrian Studies, University of Minnesota 1968

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References

2 See Cnobloch to Bauer, March 22, 1919, and the note on the instructions which Bauer gave Cnobloch over the telephone, Haus-, Hof- und Staatsarchiv (Vienna) (hereafter cited as “Staatsarchiv [Vienna]”), Innere Lage in Ungarn, Ex 887.

3 Bauer to Cnobloch, Vienna, March 27, 1919, ibid., Fasz. CCLXII, No. 9.

4 Soziale Revolution (a Communist organ in Vienna), March 26, 1919.

5 “Ungarn und wir,” Arbeiter-Zeitung (Vienna), March 23, 1919Google Scholar.

6 Max, Adler, “Sozialismus und Kommunisraus,” Der Kampf, 1919, pp. 252–253Google Scholar.

7 A Recent battleground for the Magyars and the Czechs.

8 Bauer, to Kun, , Vienna, June 16, 1919, Staatsarchiv (Vienna), Präsidialakte, Ungarn und Varia, Fasz. CCLXII, Folder 9, No. 9bGoogle Scholar.

9 Ibid.

10 See issue of June 28, 1919.

11 In 1916 Friedrich Adler had assassinated the Austrian prime minister Count Karl von Stürgkh in protest against the war policy of the government, as a consequence of which he had gained an outstanding reputation among Austria's revolutionary workers.

12 See issue of June 28, 1919. The Austrian Communist Party had actually offered the headship of the party to Friedrich Adler. To their bitter disappointment, he rejected the offer. See Kommunisticheskii Internatsional, 1919, No. 4, pp. 521–524Google Scholar; No. 5, pp. 671–672.

13 Bauer, to Haupt, , Vienna, December 24, 1918, Staatsarchiv (Vienna), Anschlussfrage, ex K146, No. 4722Google Scholar.

14 Bauer to Haupt, December 29, 1918, ibid., No. 4736.

15 Ibid.

16 Wedel, to German foreign office, Vienna, February 19, 1919, National Archives (Washington, D. C.), Akten betreffend Beziehungen Österreichs zu Deutschland, Microfilm T 136–25Google Scholar.

17 For the text of this speech, see Debats Parlementaires. Annales de la Chambre des Députés, 11th legislature, ordinary session of 1918, Pt. 3, p. 3334.

18 See issue of March 19, 1919. An article dealing with the neutralization of Austria had been printed in the February 24th issue of Le Temps.

19 See Sir Francis Oppenheimer's memorandum printed in July, 1919, for the use of the war cabinet and the memoranda of the war cabinet, dated July 9, 1919, and the foreign office (dated August 15, 1919) commenting on it in the Public Records Office (London), Foreign Office 608, Vol. XX, No. 4577.

20 Note relative á l'Autriche Allemande. Proposition française,” ibid., Vol. IX, No. 7684, 41/1/1.

21 Paul, Mantoux, Les deliberations du Conseil des Quatres (2 vols., Paris: C. N. E. S., 1955), Vol. I, pp. 461–462Google Scholar.