Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-l7hp2 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-26T00:09:01.112Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

‘So, What is Wrong with Indigenous Education?’ Perspective, Position and Power Beyond a Deficit Discourse

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  22 January 2013

Greg Vass*
Affiliation:
School of Education, The University of Queensland, Australia
*
address for correspondence: Greg Vass, School of Education, The University of Queensland, St Lucia QLD 4072, Australia. Email: [email protected]
Get access

Abstract

It is the aim of this article to provoke debate and encourage greater scrutiny regarding the use and meaning of the expression ‘Indigenous education’ within the discursive practices, research and policy in Australian education. Drawing on Hall's (2007) development of ideas from Foucault that give rise to ‘Indigenous education’ being viewed as a ‘regime of truth’, it is my contention that the widespread and largely uncritical use of this expression is contributing to sustaining deficit assumptions regarding the engagement and outcomes of Indigenous students within Australian schools. To explore this concern, I will first ‘archaeologically’ excavate (Scheurich, 1997) the emergence of this ‘regime’ within the Australian setting. Following on from this, I will discuss and reflect upon recent debates associated with initiatives designed to ‘close the gap’ when comparing Indigenous and non-Indigenous student achievements in education. Given the changes inaugurated by the Labor-led ‘Education Revolution’ since 2007, this is a particularly pertinent line of inquiry to take up, with the focus of this article largely concerned with its impact in the Queensland setting.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © The Authors 2013

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Ah Sam, M., & Ackland, C. (2005). The curriculum: A doorway to learning. In Phillips, J. & Lampert, J. (Eds.), Introductory Indigenous studies in education: The importance of knowing (pp. 182200). Sydney, Australia: Pearson Education Australia.Google Scholar
Altman, J., & Fogarty, B. (2010). Indigenous Australians as ‘no gaps’ subjects: education and development in remote Australia. In Snyder, I. & Nieuwenhuysen, J. (Eds.), Closing the gap in education: Improving outcomes in southern world societies (pp. 109128). Melbourne, Australia: Monash University Press.Google Scholar
Australian Bureau of Statistics. (2010). National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander social survey (2008). Retrieved from http://abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/[email protected]/Latestproducts/4714.0Main%20Features12008?opendocument&tabname=Summary&prodno=4714.0&issue=2008&num=&view=Google Scholar
Australian Government. (2010). Closing the gap: Prime Minister's report 2010. Canberra, Australia: Commonwealth of Australia.Google Scholar
Beresford, Q. (2003). The context of Aboriginal education. In Beresford, Q. & Partington, G. (Eds.), Reform and resistance in Aboriginal education: The Australian experience (pp. 1068). Perth, Australia: University of Western Australia Press.Google Scholar
Brayboy, B., & Castagno, A. (2009). Self-determination through self-education: Culturally responsive schooling for Indigenous students in the USA. Teaching Education, 20 (1), 3153.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Delpit, L. (1995). Other people's children: Cultural conflict in the classroom. New York: New Press.Google Scholar
DePlevitz, L. (2007). Systemic racism: The hidden barrier to educational success for Indigenous school students. Australian Journal of Education, 51 (1), 5471.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Department of Education and Training. (2009). Closing the gap: Education strategy. Brisbane, Australia: Queensland Government.Google Scholar
Department of Families, Housing, Community Services, and Indigenous Affairs. (2009). Closing the gap on Indigenous disadvantage: The challenge for Australia. Canberra, Australia: Commonwealth of Australia.Google Scholar
Dixson, A., & Roussea, C. (Eds.). (2006). Critical race theory in education: All god's children got a song. New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Foley, D. (2010). Aboriginality and pedagogies. In Connell, R., Campbell, C., Vickers, M., Welch, A., Foley, D., Bagnall, N., & Hayes, D. (Eds.), Education, change and society (2nd ed., pp. 168204). Melbourne, Australia: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Foley, D., Levinson, B., & Hurtig, J. (2000). Anthropology goes inside: The new educational ethnography of ethnicity and gender. Review of Research in Education, 25, 3798.Google Scholar
Foucault, M. (1969). The archaeology of knowledge. Milton Park, UK: Routledge.Google Scholar
Gillborn, D. (2005). Education policy as an act of white supremacy: Whiteness, critical race theory and educational reform. Journal of Education Policy, 20 (4), 485505.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gillborn, D. (2008). Racism and education: Coincidence or conspiracy? London: Routledge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gray, J., & Beresford, Q. (2008). A ‘formidable challenge’: Australia's quest for equity in Indigenous education. Australian Journal of Education, 52 (2), 197223.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hacking, I. (1995). The looping effects of human kinds. In Sperber, D., Premack, D., & Premack, A. (Eds.), Causal cognition: A multi-disciplinary debate (pp. 351383). Oxford, UK: Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
Hall, S. (2007 [1996]). The West and the rest: Discourse and power. In T. Gupta, Das, James, C., Maaka, R., Galabuzi, G., & Anderson, C. (Eds.), Race and racialization: Essential readings (pp. 5663). Toronto, ON: Canadian Scholars Press.Google Scholar
Harrison, N. (2007). Secret transmission: Modelling cross-cultural relations in classroom discourses. Asia-Pacific Journal of Teacher Education, 35 (1), 4153.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harrison, N. (2008). Teaching and learning in Indigenous education (1st ed.). Melbourne, Australia: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Hughes, H., & Hughes, M. (2009). Policy monographs: Revisiting Indigenous education (Australia Centre for Independent Studies Policy Monograph No. 94). Sydney, Australia: The Centre for Independent Studies.Google Scholar
Karvelas, P. (2011, February 10). ‘Gap won't close if you don't act’: Julia Gillard. The Australian. Retrieved from www.theaustralian.com.auGoogle Scholar
Klenowski, V. (2009). Australian Indigenous students: Addressing equity issues in assessment. Teaching Education, 20 (1), 7793.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ladson-Billings, G. (2006). From the achievement gap to the education debt: Understanding achievement in U.S. schools. Educational Researcher, 35 (7), 312.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lampert, J. (2005). The teaching that matters: Merging our personal beliefs with our professional practice in the classroom. In Phillips, J. & Lampert, J. (Eds.), Introductory Indigenous studies in education: The importance of knowing (pp. 83100). Sydney, Australia: Pearson Education Australia.Google Scholar
Lingard, B. (2011). Policy as numbers: Ac/counting for educational research. The Australian Educational Researcher, 38 (4), 355382.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lingard, B., Creagh, S., & Vass, G. (2012). Education policy as numbers: Data categories and two Australian cases of misrecognition. Journal of Education Policy, 27 (3), 315333.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Loos, N., & Osanai, T. (1993). Philosophy, aims and policy guidelines for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander education. In Loos, N. & Osanai, T. (Eds.), Indigenous minorities and education: Australian and Japanese perspectives of their Indigenous peoples, the Ainu, Aborigines and Torres Strait Islanders (pp. 206221). Tokyo: Sanyusha Publishing.Google Scholar
Lucas, S., & Beresford, L. (2010). Naming and classifying: Theory, evidence and equity in education. Review of Research in Education, 134, 2584.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Luke, A. (2009). Introduction: On Indigenous education. Teaching Education, 20 (1), 15.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Malin, M., & Maidment, D. (2003). Education, Indigenous survival and well being: Emerging ideas and programs. The Australian Journal of Indigenous Education, 23, 8599.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McConaghy, C. (2000). Rethinking Indigenous education: Culturalism, colonialism, and the politics of knowing. Brisbane, Australia: Post Pressed.Google Scholar
Mellor, S., & Corrigan, M. (2004). The case for change: A review of contemporary research on Indigenous education outcomes (Australian Education Review No. 47). Melbourne, Australia: Australian Council for Educational Research Press.Google Scholar
Ministerial Council for Education, Early Childhood Development and Youth Affairs (MCEECDYA). (2009). Indigenous education action plan draft: 2010–2014. Retrieved from http://www.mceetya.edu.au/verve/_resources/IEAP_Stage_Two_Consultation_Draft_(2).pdfGoogle Scholar
Moreton-Robinson, A. (Ed.). (2004a). Whiteness, epistemology and Indigenous representation. In Whitening race: Essays in social and cultural criticism (pp. 7588). Canberra, Australia: Aboriginal Studies Press.Google Scholar
Moreton-Robinson, A. (2004b). The possessive logic of patriarchal white sovereignty: The High Court and the Yorta Yorta decision. Borderlands e-journal, 3 (2).Google Scholar
Mudrooroo. (1995). Us mob — History, culture, struggle: An introduction to Indigenous Australia. Sydney, Australia: Angus and Robertson.Google Scholar
Nakata, M. (1993) Culture in education: For us or for them? In Loos, N. & Osanai, T. (Eds.), Indigenous minorities and education: Australian and Japanese perspectives of their Indigenous peoples, the Ainu, Aborigines and Torres Strait Islanders (pp. 334349). Tokyo: Sanyusha Publishing.Google Scholar
Nicoll, F. (2002) De-facing terra nullius and facing the public secret of Indigenous sovereignty in Australia. Borderlands e-journal, 1 (2). Retrieved from www.borderlandsjournal.adelaide.edu.au/vol1no2_2002/nicoll_defacing.htmlGoogle Scholar
Nicoll, F. (2004). ‘Are you calling me a racist?’ Teaching critical whiteness theory in Indigenous sovereignty. Borderlands e-journal, 3 (2). Retrieved from http://www.borderlands.net.au/vol3no2_2004/nicoll_teaching.htmGoogle Scholar
O'Rourke, V., Craven, R., Yeung, R., & Munns, G. (2008, December). Closing the gap for Aboriginal primary students in low density schools: A multi-method longitudinal analysis elucidating impact of inclusive practices. Paper presented to the Australian Association for Research in Education Conference, Brisbane, Australia.Google Scholar
Partington, G. (2003). Conceptual frameworks for Indigenous education: Review and analysis. In McGinty, S. (Ed.), Sharing success: An Indigenous perspective — A collection of papers from the 2nd National Australian Indigenous Education Conference 2002 (pp. 101128). Melbourne, Australia: Common Ground.Google Scholar
Pearson, N. (2009). Radical hope: Education and equality in Australia. Quarterly Essay, 35, 1105Google Scholar
Penfold, A. (2010, February 26). Gillard's schools site should be used to help close the gap. The Australian. Retrieved from www.theaustralian.com.auGoogle Scholar
Pholi, K., Black, D., & Richards, C. (2009). Is ‘close the gap’ a useful approach to improving the health and wellbeing of Indigenous Australians? Australian Review of Public Affairs, 9 (2), 113.Google Scholar
Riggs, D. (2007). Introduction: Critical race and whiteness studies in a postcolonising nation. In Riggs, D. (Ed.), Taking up the challenge: Critical race and whiteness in a postcolonising nation (pp. 116). Adelaide, Australia: Crawford House.Google Scholar
Rigney, L. (2006). Indigenist research and Aboriginal Australia. In Kunnie, J. & Goduka, N. (Eds.), Indigenous peoples’ wisdom and power: Affirming our knowledge through narratives (pp. 3250). Farnham, UK: Ashgate Publishing.Google Scholar
Sarra, C. (2005). Strong and smart: Reinforcing Aboriginal perspectives of being Aboriginal at Cherbourg State School. Unpublished PhD Thesis, Murdoch University, Australia.Google Scholar
Sarra, C. (2009, November 25). Website will shine light on Indigenous schools. The Australian. Retrieved from www.theaustralian.com.au.Google Scholar
Scheurich, J. (1997). Research method in the postmodern. London: The Falmer Press.Google Scholar
Taylor, E. (2009). The foundations of critical race theory in education: an introduction. In Taylor, E., Gillborn, D., & Ladson-Billings, G. (Eds.), Foundations of critical race theory in education (pp. 113). New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Trigger, D., & Dalley, C. (2010). Negotiating Indigeneity: Culture, identity and politics. Reviews in Anthropology, 39, 4665.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Whatman, S., & Duncan, P. (2005). Community participation in Indigenous education: Learning from the past, in policy and practice. In Phillips, J. & Lampert, J. (Eds.), Introductory Indigenous studies in education: The importance of knowing (pp. 117138). Sydney, Australia: Pearson Education.Google Scholar