Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-gb8f7 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-25T00:14:58.120Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Factors influencing the use of non-plastic reusable shopping bags: A cognitive-normative-habitual approach

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  07 July 2021

Asphat Muposhi*
Affiliation:
Department of Marketing Management, Midlands State University, Gweru, Zimbabwe
Mercy Mpinganjira
Affiliation:
School of Consumer Intelligence & Information Systems, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
Marius Wait
Affiliation:
Marketing Management Department, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
*
*Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected]

Abstract

The widespread use and irresponsible disposal of single-use plastic shopping bags are posing a significant threat to environmental sustainability. The use of non-plastic reusable shopping bags (NPRSBs) is being promoted in several jurisdictions to avert this challenge. However, this form of pro-environmental behaviour is failing to embed among consumers in emerging markets. This study therefore examines the factors influencing the behaviour of using NPRSBs among consumers, using a modified theory of planned behaviour. Data were collected from 487 South African consumers using a structured questionnaire and were analysed using structural equation modelling. The results identified ‘attitudes’ and ‘personal norms’ as the building blocks for the formation of pro-reusable shopping bags use intentions, which, in turn, influence actual behaviour. The findings also pointed to the need to foster the development of descriptive norms related to the use of NPRSBs in order to enhance mainstream use. Accordingly, this study recommends the use of rational and norm-based strategies to stimulate the behaviour of using NPRSBs.

Type
Article
Copyright
© The Author(s) 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Abrahamse, W., Steg, L., Vlek, C., & Rothengatter, T. (2007). The effort of tailored information, goal setting and tailored feedback on household energy use, energy related behaviours and behavioural antecedents. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 27, 265276.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ahn, J., Koo, D., & Chang, H. (2012). Different impacts of normative influences on pro-environmental purchasing behaviour explained by differences in individual characteristics. Journal of Global Scholars of Marketing Science, 22(2), 163182.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behaviour. Organizational Behaviour and Human Decision Processes, 50(2), 179211.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Anderson, J.C., & Gerbing, D.W. (1988). Structural equation modeling in practice: A review and recommended two-step approach. Psychological Bulletin, 103(3), 411423.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Antal, M., & Drews, S. (2015). Nature as relationship partner: An old frame revisited. Environmental Education Research, 21(7), 10561078.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Armitage, C.J., & Conner, M. (2001). Efficacy of the theory of planned behaviour: A meta-analytic review. British Journal of Social Psychology, 40(4), 471499.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Arpan, L.M., Barooah, P., & Subramany, R. (2015). The role of values, moral norms, and descriptive norms in building occupant responses to an energy-efficiency pilot program and to framing of related messages. Applied Environmental Education & Communication, 14(1), 2332.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bamberg, S. (2003). How does environmental concern influence specific environmentally related behaviours? A new answer to the old question. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 23, 2132.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bamberg, S., & Möser, G. (2007). Twenty years after Hines, Hungerford, and Tomera: A new meta-analysis of psycho-social determinants of pro-environmental behaviour. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 27(1), 1425.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chan, L., & Bishop, B. (2013). A moral basis for recycling: Extending the theory of planned behaviour. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 36, 96102.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cialdini, R.B., Reno, R.R., & Kallgren, C.A. (1990). A focus theory of normative conduct: Recycling the concept of norms to reduce littering in public places. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 58(6), 10151026.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dagher, G.K., & Itani, O.S. (2012). The influence of environmental attitude, environmental concern and social influence on green purchasing behaviour. Review of Business, 12(2), 104110.Google Scholar
Davies, J., Foxall, G.R., & Pallister, J. (2002). Beyond the intention-behaviour mythology: An integrated model of recycling. Journal of Marketing Theory, 2(1), 29113.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
De Leeuw, A., Valois, P., Ajzen, I., & Schmidt, P. (2015). Using the theory of planned behaviour to identify key beliefs underlying pro-environmental behaviour in high-school students: Implications for educational interventions. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 42, 128138.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
De Vries, P., Aarts, H., & Midden, C.J. (2011). Changing simple energy-related consumer behaviours: How the enactment of intentions is thwarted by acting and non-acting habits. Environment and Behaviour, 43(5), 612633.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Doran, R., & Larsen, S. (2016). The relative importance of social and personal norms in explaining intentions to choose eco-friendly travel options. International Journal of Tourism Research, 18, 159166.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ertz, M., Huang, R., Jo, M., Karakas, F., & Sarigollu, E. (2017). From single-use to multi-use: Study of consumers’ behaviour toward consumption of reusable containers. Journal of Environmental Management, 1993, 334344.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fornell, C., & Larcker, D.G. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 3950.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gaskin, J. (2011). Common method bias. Retrieved June 20, 2018 from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w7zZCBlRXog Google Scholar
George, D., & Mallery, M. (2010). SPSS for Windows Step by Step: A Simple Guide and Reference, 17.0 update (10 th ed.) Boston: Pearson.Google Scholar
Gifford, R. (2014). Environmental psychology matters. Annual Review of Psychology, 65, 541579.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hair, J.F., Sarstedt, M., Ringle, C.M., & Mena, J.A. (2012). An assessment of the use of partial least squares structural equation modeling in marketing research. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 40(3), 414433.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hayes, A.F. (2018). Partial, conditional, and moderated mediation: Quantification, inference, and interpretation. Communication Monographs, 85(1), 440.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hernandez, B., Martin, A.M., Ruiz, C., & Hidalgo, M. (2010). The role of place identity and place attachment in breaking environmental protection in laws. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 30, 281288.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jambeck, J.R., Geyer, R., Wilcox, C., Siegler, T.R., Perryman, M., Andrady, A., Narayan, R., & Law, K.L. (2015). Plastic waste inputs from land into the ocean. Science, 347, 768771.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jansson, J., Marell, A., & Nordlund, A. (2010). Green consumer behaviour: Determinants of curtailment and eco-innovation adoption. Journal of Consumer Marketing, 27(4), 358370.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kalamas, M., Cleveland, M., & Laroche, M. (2014). Pro-environmental behaviour for thee but not for me: Green giants, green gods and external locus of control. Journal of Business Research, 67, 1222.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Karlaitė, D. (2016). The importance of responsible production and consumption to overcome the plastic paradox. Social Transformations in Contemporary Society, 4, 151163.Google Scholar
Klöckner, C.A. (2013). A comprehensive model of the psychology of environmental behaviour: A meta-analysis. Global Environmental Change, 23, 10281038.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Koenig-Lewis, N., Palmer, A., Dermody, J., & Urbye, A. (2014). Consumers’ evaluations of ecological packaging: Rational and emotional approaches. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 1, 155.Google Scholar
Kumar, R. (2014). Research methodology: A step-by-step guide for beginners (4th ed). London: Sage Publications.Google Scholar
Lam, S., & Chen, J. (2006). What makes customers bring their bags or buy bags from the shop? A survey of customers at a Taiwan hypermarket. Environment and Behaviour, 38(3), 318332.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Larsen, J., & Venkova, S. (2014). The downfall of the plastic bag: A global picture. Retrieved July 3, 2018 from http://www.earth-policy.org/plan_b_updates/2014/update123 Google Scholar
Lee, K. (2014). Predictors of sustainable consumption among young educated consumers in Hong Kong. Journal of International Consumer Marketing, 26(3), 217238.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mahmud, S.N.D., & Osman, K. (2010). The determinants of recycling intention behaviour among the Malaysian school students: An application of theory of planned behaviour. Procedia – Social and Behavioural Sciences, 9, 119124.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mancha, R.M., & Yoder, C.Y. (2015). Cultural antecedents of green behavioural intent: An environmental theory of planned behaviour. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 43, 145154.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Manstead, A.S.R., & Parker, D. (1995). Evaluating and extending the theory of planned behaviour. European Review of Social Psychology, 6(1), 6995.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Marechal, K. (2010). Not irrational but habitual: The importance of behavioural lock-in in energy consumption. Ecological Economics, 69, 11041114.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Martin, V.Y., Weiler, B., Reis, A., Dimmock, K., & Scherrer, P. (2017). Doing the right thing: How social science can help foster proenvironmental behaviour change in marine protected areas. Marine Policy, 81, 236246.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Martinez-Espineira, R., Garcia-Valina, M.A., & Naughes, C. (2014). Households’ pro-environmental habits and investments in water and energy consumption: Determinants and relationships. Journal of Environmental Management, 133, 174183.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mathalon, A., & Hill, P. (2014). Microplastic fibers in the intertidal ecosystem surrounding Halifax Harbor, Nova Scotia. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 81, 6979.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McLellan, H. (2014). Banning the plastic shopping bag in South Africa: An idea whose time has come. Proceedings of the 20th WasteCon Conference 6-10 October 2014. Somerset West, Cape Town. pp. 248–255.Google Scholar
Muralidharan, S., & Sheehan, K. (2016). Tax and fee message frames as inhibitors of plastic bag usage among shoppers: A social marketing application of the theory of planned behaviour. Social Marketing Quarterly, 1, 118.Google Scholar
Numata, D., & Mangi, S. (2012). Demand for refilled reusable products. Environmental Economic Policy Studies, 14(4), 421436.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ohtomo, S., & Ohnuma, S. (2014). Psychological interventional approach for reduce resource consumption: Reducing plastic bag usage at supermarkets. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 84, 5765.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Onel, N. (2017). Pro-environmental purchasing behaviour of consumers: The role of norms. Social Marketing Quartely, 23(2), 103121.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Onwezen, M.C., Bartels, J., & Antonides, G. (2014). The self-regulatory function of anticipated pride and guilt in a sustainable and healthy consumption context. European Journal of Social Psychology, 44, 5368.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Oyake-Ombis, L., van Vliet, B.J.M., & Mol, A.P.J. (2015). Managing plastic waste in East Africa: Niche innovations in plastic production and solid waste. Habitat International, 48, 188197.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Paul, J., Modi, A., & Patel, J. (2016). Predicting green product consumption using theory of planned behaviour. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 29, 123134.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Peattie, K. (2001). Towards sustainability: The third age of green marketing. The Marketing Review, 2, 129146.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pick n Pay. (2016). Pick n Pay sustainable living report 2016. Retrieved January 1, 2017 from http://www.picknpayinvestor.co.za/downloads/2016/Sustainable-living-report-2016.pdf Google Scholar
Prakash, G., & Pathak, P. (2017). Intention to buy eco-friendly packaged products among consumers in India: A study on a developing nation. Journal of Cleaner Production, 141, 385393.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sarkis, A.M. (2017). A comparative study of theoretical behaviour change models predicting empirical evidence for residential energy conservation behaviours. Journal of Cleaner Production, 141, 526537.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schwartz, S.H., & Howard, J.A. (1981). A normative decision making model of altruism. In Rushton, J. P. & Sorrentino, R. M. (Eds.), Altruism and Helping Behaviour (pp. 89211). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.Google Scholar
Schwartz, S.H. (1977). Normative influences on altruism. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 10, 221279.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Silvarrey, L.S.D., & Phan, A.N. (2016). Kinetic study of municipal plastic waste. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 41(37), 1635216364.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Suthar, S., Rayal, P., & Ahada, C.P. (2016). Role of different stakeholders in trading of reusable or recyclable urban solid waste materials: A case study. Sustainable Cities Society. 23, 104115.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Triandis, H.C. (1977). Interpersonal Behaviour. Monterey, CA: Brooks.Google Scholar
Verplanken, B., & Orbell, S. (2003). Reflections on past behaviour: A self-report index of habit strength. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 33(6), 13131330.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wall, R., Devine-Wright, P., & Mill, G.A. (2007). Comparing and combining theories to explain pro-environmental intentions. Environment and Behaviour, 39, 731753.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Woolworths Holdings Limited. (2016). Good business journey report. Retrieved May 4, 2017 from www.woolworthsholdings.co.za/investor/annual_reports/ar2016/whl_2016_gbj Google Scholar
Wynveen, C.J., Wynveen, B.J., & Sutton, S.G. (2015). Applying the value-belief-norm theory to marine contexts: Implications for encouraging pro-environmental behavior. Coastal Management, 43(1), 84103.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yeow, P., Dean, A., & Tucker, D. (2014). Bags for life: The embedding of ethical consumerism. Journal of Business Ethics, 125, 8799.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Young, W., Hwang, K., McDonald, S., & Oates, C.J. (2010). Sustainable consumption: Green consumer behaviour when purchasing products. Sustainable Development, 18, 2031.Google Scholar