Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-vdxz6 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-01T09:08:09.506Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Special Education In Finland: Systems, History and Current Issues

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  26 February 2016

Markku Ihatsu  and
Hannu Savolainen
Markku Ihatsu*
Affiliation:
The University of Joensuu, Finland
Hannu Savolainen
Affiliation:
The University of Joensuu, Finland
*
Correspondence concerning this paper should be addressed to Dr Markku Ihatsu, Department of Special Education, University of Joensuu, PO Box 111, 80101 Joensuu, Finland.
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Extract

Apart from Iceland, Finland is the northernmost country in the world. Geographically it is one of the largest countries in Europe, but with only five million people it is one of the most sparsely populated. Like most other western countries, Finland has undergone a rapid process of urbanisation and change in occupational structure, although this did not begin until the 1940s. Nowadays about 65 per cent of the population live in urban areas (Statistics Finland 1991).

Type
Research Article
Information
Australasian Journal of Special Education , Volume 19 , Issue 1 , 1995 , pp. 45 - 52
Copyright
Copyright © The Australian Association of Special Education 1995

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Ford, J., Mongon, D. & Whelan, M. (1982). Special education and social control: invisible disasters. London: Routledge. Google Scholar
Ihatsu, M. (1987). Vammaisten oppilaiden sosiaalinen integraatio peruskoulun ala-asteella [Social integration of disabled pupils in the primary level of compehensive school]. University of Joensuu: Publications in Education 5.Google Scholar
Kivirauma, J. & Kivinen., O. (1988). The school system and special education: Causes and effects in the twentieth century. Disability, Handicap & Society, 3 (2), 153–165.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kivirauma, J. (1988). Valikointi, erityisopetus ja oppivelvollisuuskoulu [Selection, special education and state-school]. Suomen Kasvatustieteellinen Aikakauskirja Kasvatus, 19 (6), 453–464.Google Scholar
Kivirauma, J. (1989). Erityisopetus ja suomalainen oppivelvollisuuskoulu vuosina 1921-1985. [Special education and Finnish state-school during years 1921-1985] Annales Universitatis Turkuensis C: 74.Google Scholar
Ministry of Education (1992). Developments in education: 1990-1992 Finland. Helsinki: Valtion Painatuskeskus. Google Scholar
Moberg, S. (1984). Poikkeavia lapsiako normaaliluokille? [Deviant children to normal classes?] Opettajankoulutuslaitoksen Tutkimubia, 17. Jyväskylän Yliopisto.Google Scholar
Oliver, M. (1992). Changing the social relations of research production? Disability, Handicap & Society, 7(2), 101–114.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
PELU (1992). Peruskoulun ja lukion oppilas - ja opettajatilastoja lukuvuodelta 1991-1992. [Student and teacher statistics of comprehensive schools and upper secondary schools from school-year 1991-1992.] Opetushallituksen Raporttisarja, 19. Helsinki: Valtion Painatuskeskus. Google Scholar
Savolainen, H. (1993). Oppilaan tuki ja koulun torva. [Supporting the individual and protecting the school]. Unpublished manuscript.Google Scholar
Sigmon, S. (1987). Radical analysis of special education: Focus on historical development and learning disabilities. London: The Falmer Press. Google Scholar
Statistics Finland (1991). Education in Finland 1991. Education and Research, 11. Helsinki: Statistics Finland. Google Scholar
Tilastokeskus, (1989.) Erityisopetus 1987/88. [Special education 1987/88]. Koulutus Ja Tuktimus, 16. Tilastokeskus: Helsinki. Google Scholar
Tomlinson, S. (1982). A sociology of special education. Henley: Routledge & Kegan Paul. Google Scholar
Tuunainen, K. & Nevala, A. (1989). Erityiskasvatuksen kehitys Suomessa. [The development of special education in Finland]. Helsinki: Gaudeamus.Google Scholar