Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-t7fkt Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-28T23:25:23.487Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

The Roles and Responsibilities of Teacher Aides Supporting Students with Special Needs in Secondary School Settings

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  26 February 2016

Robin Howard
Affiliation:
Relationships Australia
Jerry Ford*
Affiliation:
Flinders University, Australia
*
*Corresponding author. Department of Disability Studies, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia. Email: [email protected]

Abstract

This study examined the perceptions of teacher aides regarding their roles and responsibilities in supporting senior students with special needs in mainstream secondary school settings. Fourteen teacher aides were interviewed using a semi‐structured interview guide to determine their views regarding their roles and responsibilities, the challenges they faced, their relationships with parents, teachers and students, and their professional development needs. Findings from the study indicated that the participating teacher aides performed a variety of roles and that they often had a considerable degree of autonomy and responsibility in providing academic, social, and behavioural support to the students they served. Teacher aides reported that they were generally satisfied with their jobs and proud of their contributions and accomplishments. However their relationships with teaching staff were often challenging. Teacher aides also indicated that their roles and responsibilities were not clearly delineated, their professional status was not formally recognised, opportunities for advancement and professional development were limited, and that they received little systematic feedback and evaluation of their performance.

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © The Australian Association of Special Education 2007

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) (2000). Australian social trends, disability and schooling, participation in education. Canberra, Australia: ABS.Google Scholar
Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) (2005). Labour force survey. Canberra, Australia: ABS.Google Scholar
Blalock, G. (1991). Paraprofessionals: Critical team members in our special education programs. Intervention in School and Clinic, 26, 200–214.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brown, L., Farrington, K., Knight, T., Ross, C., & Ziegler, M. (1999). Fewer paraprofessionals and more teachers and therapists in educational programs for students with significant disabilities. Journal of the Association for Persons with Severe Handicaps, 24, 250–253.Google Scholar
Carr, K., Allison, L., & Tierney, J. (2002). Senate report: Employment, workplace relations and education reference committee: Students with disabilities. Retrieved January 29, 2004, from http://www.aph.gov.au/senate/committee/eet_ctte/ed_students_with_disabilities/ report/b3pref.pdf.Google Scholar
Cohen, L., Manion, L., & Morrison, K. (2000). Research methods in education. London, UK: Routledge Falmer.Google Scholar
Commonwealth of Australia (2002). Senate report: Employment, workplace relations and education reference committee: Students with disabilities. Canberra, Australia: Commonwealth of Australia.Google Scholar
Courson, E., & Heward, W. (1988). Increasing active student response through the effective use of paraprofessionals. The Pointer, 33, 27–31.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Department of Education and Children’s Services (DECS) (2005). A–Z listing of schools and preschools websites. Retrieved May 2, 2005, from http://www.decs.sa.gov.au/decs_search.Google Scholar
Dempsey, I., & Foreman, P. (1997). Trends in the educational placement of students with disabilities in NSW. International Journal of Disability, Development and Education, 44, 207–216.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Downing, J., Ryndak, D., & Clark, D. (2000). Paraeducators in inclusive classrooms: Their own perceptions. Remedial and Special Education, 21, 171–181.Google Scholar
Doyle, M. (1998). The paraprofessional’s guide to the inclusive classroom: Working as a team. Baltimore, MD: Paul H. Brookes.Google Scholar
Dreckrah, M. (2000). Preservice teachers’ preparation to work with paraeducators. Teacher Education and Special Education, 23, 157–164.Google Scholar
Edith Cowen University, School of Education (2002). University diploma for teacher assistants. Retrieved 28 March 28, 2004, from http://WWW.ecu.wsu.au/ses/educ/course/Tassist.html.Google Scholar
Fisher, D., Sax, C., & Pumpian, I. (1999). Inclusive high schools: Learning from contemporary classrooms. Baltimore, MD: Paul H. Brookes.Google Scholar
Forlin, C. (2001). The role of the support teacher in Australia. European Journal of Special Needs Education, 16, 121–131.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
French, N. (1999). Paraeducators and teachers: Shifting roles. Teaching Exceptional Children, 32, 69–73.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
French, N. (2001). Supervising paraprofessionals: A survey of teacher practices. Journal of Special Education, 35, 41–53.Google Scholar
French, N. (2003). Paraeducators in special education programs. Focus on Exceptional Children, 36, 69–73.Google Scholar
French, N., & Pickett, A. (1997). Paraprofessional in special education: Issues for teacher educators. Teacher Education and Special Education, 20, 61–73.Google Scholar
Giangreco, M. (1997). Quick guides to inclusion—Ideas for educating students with disabilities. Baltimore, MD: Paul H. Brookes.Google Scholar
Giangreco, M., & Doyle, M. (2002). Students with disabilities and paraprofessional supports: Benefits, balance, and band-aids. Focus on Exceptional Children, 34, 1–12.Google Scholar
Giangreco, M., Edelman, S., & Broer, S. (2001). Respect, appreciation and acknowledgement of paraprofessionals who support students with disabilities. Exceptional Children, 67, 485–498.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Giangreco, M., Edelman, S., Broer, S., & Doyle, M. (2001). Paraprofessional support of students with disabilities: Literature from the past decade. Teaching Exceptional Children, 68, 45–63.Google Scholar
Grbich, C. (1999). Qualitative research in health: An introduction. Sydney, NSW, Australia: Allen and Unwin.Google Scholar
Hackman, J., & Oldman, G. (1975). Development of the job diagnostic survey. Journal of Applied Psychology, 60, 159–170.Google Scholar
Harrington, R., & Mitchelson, D. (1986). A report on special education paraprofessional effectiveness. Topeka, KS: Kansas State Department of Education.Google Scholar
Jones, K., & Bender, W. (1993). Utilization of paraprofessionals in special education: A review of the literature. Remedial and Special Education, 14, 7–14.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kennedy, C., & Horn, E. (2004). Including students with severe disabilities. Boston, MA: Allyn & Bacon.Google Scholar
Kennedy, C., Shukla, S., & Fryxell, D. (1997). Comparing the effects of educational placement on the social relationships of intermediate school students with severe disabilities. Exceptional Children, 64, 31–48.Google Scholar
Kyrene, (2000). Working with instructional assistants, Kyrene Schools. Retrieved October 31, 2002, from http://www.kyrene.org/resource/sped_assistants/working_w_instr_assts.htm.Google Scholar
Lipsky, D., & Gartner, A. (1995). The evaluation of inclusive education programs. National Center on Educational Restructuring and Inclusion Bulletin, 2, 1–8.Google Scholar
Margerison, A. (1997). Class teachers and the role of classroom assistants in the delivery of special educational needs. Support for Learning, 12, 166–169.Google Scholar
Marks, S., Schrader, C., & Levine, M. (1999). Paraeducator experiences in inclusive settings: Helping, hovering, or holding their own? Teaching Exceptional Children, 65, 315–328.Google Scholar
McKenzie, R., & Houk, C. (1986). Use of paraprofessionals in the resource room. Exceptional Children, 53, 41–45.Google Scholar
McNally, R., Cole, P., & Waugh, R. (2001). Regular teachers’ attitudes to the need for additional classroom support for the inclusion of students with intellectual disabilities. Journal of Intellectual and Development Disability, 26, 257–273.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ministerial Advisory Committee (2002). MAC: Students with Disabilities (South Australia) Submission to the Australian Senate Employment, Workplace Relations and Education Reference Committee Students with Disabilities Report. Retrieved November 25, 2003, from http://www.aph.gov.au/senate/committee/eet_ctte/ed_students_withdisabilities/submissions/sublist.htm.Google Scholar
Moore, C., & Gilbreath, D. (2002). Educating students with disabilities in general education classrooms: a summary of the research. Eugene, OR: Western Regional Resource Center.Google Scholar
Moran, A., & Abbott, L. (2002). Developing inclusive schools: The pivotal role of teaching assistants in promoting inclusion in special and mainstream schools in Northern Ireland. European Journal of Special Needs Education, 17, 161–173.Google Scholar
Mueller, P. (2002). Education 2002: The paraeducator paradox. The Exceptional Parent, 32, 64–66.Google Scholar
Murphy, M., & Flynn, C. (2002). Special Education All Schools (SEAS) Submission to the Australian Senate Employment, Workplace Relations and Education Reference Committee: Students with Disabilities. Retrieved November 25, 2003, from http://www.aph.gov.au/senate/committee/eet_ctte/ed_students_withdisabilities/submissions/sublist.htm.Google Scholar
Parsons, M., & Reid, D. (1999). Training basic teaching skills to paraeducators of students with severe disabilities: A one-day program. Teaching Exceptional Children, 31, 48–55.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pickett, A. (1999). Strengthening and supporting teacher/provider-paraeducator teams: Guidelines for paraeducator roles, supervision and preparation. New York: NRC for paraprofessionals in education and related services, Center for Advanced Study in Education, City University of New York.Google Scholar
Riggs, C., & Mueller, R. (2001). Employment and utilization of paraeducators in inclusive settings. Journal of Special Education, 35, 54–62.Google Scholar
Rodriguez, J., & Romaneck, G. (2002). The practice of inclusion: Principal leadership. National Association of Secondary School Principals, 2, 12–15.Google Scholar
Sailor, W. (2002). Whole school success and inclusive education. New York: Teachers College Press.Google Scholar
Senate Employment, Education and Training Committee (1998). A class act—Report on the status of the teaching profession. Canberra, Australia: Senate Printing Unit, Parliament House.Google Scholar
Skelly, J. (2002). Meaningful staff development: The Eastern Suffolk BOCES model. In Gaylord, V., Wallace, T., Pickett, A., & Likins, M. (Eds.), Impact. Feature issue on paraeducators supporting students with disabilities and at risk, 15 (pp. 24–25). Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota, Institute on Community Integration.Google Scholar
Sutherland, M. (2001). Why are students with disabilities failing? Is mainstreaming the cause? Issues in Educational Research, 11, 41–61.Google Scholar