Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-dh8gc Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-18T01:26:40.801Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

The professional Competencies Movement and Special Education

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  26 February 2016

Robin Jones*
Affiliation:
University of New England
*
Address for correspondence: Robin Jones, Senior Lecturer in Special Education, Department of Education Studies, The University of New England. Armidale NSW 2351. Email: [email protected]

Abstract

The teacher competencies movement in Australia is part of the larger national movement which is concerned about competencies statements for all trades and professions. Special educators are not exempt so that professional competencies statements or lists either are, or will be, developed for this profession. In the formulation process several issues and challenges will need to be addressed: the definition of the term “competencies”; the question of generic versus lists re specific disabilities; the purpose(s) of these lists; their dangers and benefits. We would do well to consider these issues now. We should also consider whether such lists or statements can encapsulate the essence of what good special education teaching is about.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © The Australian Association of Special Education 1996

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Australian Teaching Council (1995). Report of the National Working Party on Guidelines for Teacher Education. Canberra, Australia: Australian Teaching Council. Google Scholar
Berliner, D. (1984). The half-full glass: a review of research on teaching. In Horsford, P.L. (Ed.), Using what we know about teaching. Alexandra, VA: Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development. Google Scholar
Bickel, W.E. & Bickel, D.D. (1986). Effective schools, classrooms and instruction: Implications for special education. Exceptional Children, 52 (6), 489500.Google Scholar
Blanton, L. & Fimian, M. (1986). Perceptions of special education teacher trainee competence. Teacher Education and Special Education, 9 (3), 113122.Google Scholar
Blanton, L. (1992). Preservice education: Essential knowledge for effective special education teachers. Teacher Education and Special Education, 15 (2), 8796.Google Scholar
Brophy, J. & Good, T.L. (1986). Teacher behavior and student achievement. In Wittrock, M.C. (Ed.), Handbook of research on teaching. New York: Macmillan, 328375.Google Scholar
Brophy, J. (1979). Teacher behavior and its effects. Journal of Educational Psychology, 71 (6), 733750.Google Scholar
Carmichael, L. (Chair) (1992) Australian Vocational Certificate Training System: Report of the Employment and Skills Formation Council, National Board of Employment, Education and Training. Canberra: Australian Government Publishing Service. Google Scholar
Cavanagh, R. (1990). Teacher Competencies. Paper presented at the 1990 Annual Conference, NSW Teachers Federation, Sydney, Australia.Google Scholar
Clayton, M.J. (1992). Identifying critical-entry teaching competencies for beginning special educators. Unpublished Ph.D. thesis, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.Google Scholar
Cobb, H.B., Eliott, R.N., Powers, A.R. & Voltz, D. (1989). Generic versus categorical special education teacher preparation. Teacher Education and Special Education, 12(1-2), 1926.Google Scholar
Coker, H. (1976). Identifying and measuring teacher competencies: The Carroll Country Project. Journal of Teacher Education, xxvii(l), 5456.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cole, P. & Chan, L. (1990). Methods and Strategies for Special Education. Sydney: Prentice Hall. Google Scholar
Collins, C. (Ed.) (1993) Competencies: the competencies debate in Australian education and training. Canberra: The Australian College of Education. Google Scholar
Council for Exceptional Children (1995) What every special educator must know: The international standards for the preparation and certification of Special Education teachers”. Virginia: Council for Exceptional Children.Google Scholar
Dewey, J. (1938). Experience and education. New York: Collin Books. Google Scholar
Dewey, J. (1966). Democracy and education. New York: Free Press (originally published in 1916).Google Scholar
Dunn, L.M. (1968). Special education for the mildly retarded: Is much of it justified? Exceptional Children, 35, 522.Google Scholar
Elliott, N.E., Cobb, H.B., Powers, A.R. & Voltz, D. (1991). Generic teacher preparation: Has the issue been resolved? Teacher Education and Special Education, 14 (2), 140143.Google Scholar
Eltis, K. (1993). Building a competent profession. Paper presented to the Annual Conference of the Australian Science Teachers Association. Sydney, 5-9 July.Google Scholar
Fields, B. (1987). Research on teacher effectiveness: Implications for remedial teachers, Teaching Exceptional Children, 34 (2), 117132.Google Scholar
Finn, B. (Chair), (1991) Young people’s participation in post-compulsory education and training: Report of the Australian Education Council Review Committee. Canberra: Australian Government Publishing Service. Google Scholar
Gable, R.A. (1991). Competency-based teacher education revisited: A conversation with Doctors Richard E. Shores and C Michael Nelson. Teacher Education and Special Education, 14 (3), 177182.Google Scholar
Hallahan, D.P. & Kauffman, J.M. (1977). Labels, categories, behaviours: ED, LD and EMR reconsidered. Journal of Special Education, 11, 139–149.Google Scholar
Hamachek, D. (1969). Characteristics of good teachers and implications for teacher education. Phi Delta Kappan, February, 341345.Google Scholar
Helldin, R. (1992). The special teacher’s competence. Teaching and Teacher Education, 8(5 and 6), 451463.Google Scholar
Hudson, P.S., Morsink, C.V., Branscum, G. & Boone, R. (1987). Competencies of students with learning disabilities. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 20 (4), 232236.Google Scholar
Hughes, P. (undated). What makes a good teacher? A contemplative look at a complex human art. Paper published by the Centre for Advanced Teaching Studies, University of Tasmania.Google Scholar
King, M.B. (1994). Locking ourselves in: National standards for the teaching profession. Teaching and Teacher Education, 10 (1), 95108.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lilly, M.S. (1977). A merger of categories: Are we finally ready? Journal of Learning Disabilities, 10 (2), 5662.Google Scholar
Mackie, R.P., Dunn, L.M. & Cain, L.F. (1957). Professional preparation for teachers of exceptional children. Bulletin No. 6. US Department of Health, Education and Welfare.Google Scholar
Mayer, E. (Chair) (1992) Putting general education to work: The key competencies report. The Australian Education Council and the Ministers for Vocational Education, Employment and Training, Melbourne.Google Scholar
Mittler, P. (1993). Teacher Education for Special Needs. Stafford, Great Britain: National Association for Special Educational Needs. Google Scholar
National Project on the Quality of Teaching and Learning, (1992) The development of national competency standards for teaching, Phase 1. Canberra: Department for Employment, Education and Training. Google Scholar
National Project on the Quality of Teaching and Learning, (1996) “National Competency Framework for Beginning Teachers”. Canberra Department for Employment.Google Scholar
NSW Department of School Education (1994) Critical attributes for beginning special education teachers - a draft discussion paper. Sydney: NSW Department of School Education. Google Scholar
NSW Ministerial Advisory Council on Teacher Education and Quality of Teaching (1994) Desirable attributes for beginning teachers. Sydney.Google Scholar
Preston, B. & Walker, J. (1993). Competency-based standards in the professions and higher education In Collins, C. (Ed.), Competencies:, the competencies debate in Australian education and training. Canberra: The Australian College of Education, 116130.Google Scholar
Reynolds, M.C. (1979). Alook to the future in teacher education. Teacher Education and Special Education, 2 (2), 910.Google Scholar
Sindelar, P.T., Espin, C.A., Smith, M.A. & Harriman, N.E. (1990). A comparison of more or less effective special education teachers in elementary-level programs. Teacher Education and Special Education, 13 (1), 916.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Skinner, B. (1953). Science and Human Behaviour. New York: Macmillan.Google Scholar
Slavin, R. (1987). Cooperative learning and the cooperative school. Educational Leadership, 45, 713.Google Scholar
Stallings, J.A. (1980). Allocated academic learning time revisited or beyond time on task. Educational Researcher, 9 (11), 1116.Google Scholar
Stevens, R. & Rosenshine, B. (1981). Advances in research on teaching. Exceptional Education Quarterly, 2, 19.Google Scholar
Swain, W.W. & Sirvis, B. (1992). The CEC common core of knowledge and skills essential for all beginning special education teachers. Teaching Exceptional Children, Fall, 1620.Google Scholar
Wade, B. (Ed.), (1990) Reading for real. Oxford: Open University Press.Google Scholar
Walker, J. (1992). Educational research, the education profession and public policy. Australian Education Researcher, 19(1), 1928.Google Scholar
Westwood, P. & Palmer, D. (1993). Knowledge and skills for special educators in the 1990s: Perceptions from the field. Australasian Journal of Special Education, 17 (1), 3141.Google Scholar
Whitten, T.M. & Westling, D.L. (1985). Competencies for teachers of the severely and profoundly handicapped. Teacher Education and Special Education, 8 (2), 104111.Google Scholar
Zane, T., Sulzer-Azaroff, B., Hander, B.L. & Fox, C.J. (1982). Validation of a competency-based training program in developmental disabilities. Journal of the Association for the Severely Handicapped, 7 (3), 2131.Google Scholar