Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-v9fdk Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-18T01:23:38.942Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Educational Service Provision for Students with Mild Intellectual Disability: Curriculum and Programming, Teaching Strategies and Classroom Management

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  26 February 2016

Robert Conway*
Affiliation:
Special Education Centre, University of Newcastle
Greg Robinson
Affiliation:
Special Education Centre, University of Newcastle
Phil Foreman
Affiliation:
Special Education Centre, University of Newcastle
Ian Dempsey
Affiliation:
Special Education Centre, University of Newcastle
*
Address for correspondence: Dr Robert Conway, Special Education Centre, University of Newcastle, Callaghan NSW 2308.

Abstract

This paper is the second of two which report the results of a three stage study of educational services to students with mild intellectual disability in two NSW Department of School Education regions. The three phases of the study involved a teacher questionnaire, a teacher interview and classroom observations. This paper reports results in the areas of curriculum and programming, teaching strategies and materials, and classroom management techniques within the special class setting. The study found that 85% of teachers would like a specific curriculum for students with mild intellectual disability and a similar percentage saw a need for greater inservicing and feedback on their programming. While teachers reported the use of a variety of teaching techniques including small group instruction, classroom observations showed that individual or whole class instruction was commonly used with no evidence of data-based instruction, cognitive, metacognitive or problem solving strategies. Some teachers found that classroom management took a considerable amount of their time while others, including those observed, had strong classroom control. Recommendations based on the findings in each of the three areas are also reported and discussed.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © The Australian Association of Special Education 1996

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Ashman, A.F., & Conway, R.N.F. (1993). Using cognitive methods in the classroom. London: Routledge. Google Scholar
Ashman, A.F., & Conway, R.N.F. (1995). Training students with a mild intellectual disability to use metacognitive strategies. Italian Journal of Intellectual Impairment, 8(5), 312.Google Scholar
Blick, D.W., & Test, D.W. (1987). Effects of self-recording on high school students’ on-task behavior. Learning Disability Quarterly, 10(3), 203213.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bramlett, R.K., Smith, B.L., & Edmonds, J. (1994). A comparison of nonreferred, learning disabled, and mildly mentally retarded students utilizing the social skills rating system. Psychology in the Schools, 31(1), 1319.3.0.CO;2-E>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Center, Y., Ward, J., Ferguson, C. Conway, R., & Linfoot, K. (1991). Integration of children with physical and intellectual disabilities into support (special) classes attached to regular schools. In Ashman, A.F. (Ed.), Current themes in integration (pp. 3760). University of Queensland: Fred & Eleanor Schonell Special Education Research Centre. Google Scholar
Childs, R.E. (1981). Perceptions of mainstreaming by regular classroom teachers who teach mainstreamed educable mentally retarded students in the public schools. Education and Training of the Mentally Retarded, 16(3), 225227.Google Scholar
Christenson, S.L., Ysseldyke, J.E., & Thurlow, M.L. (1989). Critical instructional factors for students with mild handicaps: An integrative review. Remedial and Special Education, 10 (5), 2131.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Conway, R.N.F. (1991). Have changes in educational services for students with mild intellectual disability resulted in advances in those students’ quality of life? Australia and New Zealand Journal of Developmental Disabilities, 17 (4), 271284.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Conway, R.N.F., & Gow, L. (1988). Mainstreaming special class students with mild handicaps through group instruction. Remedial and Special Education, 9 (5), 3441.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cullinan, D., & Epstein, M.H. (1985). Adjustment problems of mildly handicapped and nonhandicapped students. Remedial and Special Education, 6 (2), 511.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Eiserman, W.D. (1987). Handicapped students as tutors: A description and integration of three years of research findings. British Columbia Journal of Special Education, 11 (3), 215231.Google Scholar
Epstein, M.H., Cullinan, D., & Polloway, E.A. (1986). Patterns of maladjustment among mentally retarded children and youth. American Journal of Mental Deficiency, 91 (2), 127134.Google ScholarPubMed
Epstein, M.H., Polloway, E.A., Patton, J.R., & Foley, R. (1989). Mild retardation: Student characteristics and services. Education and Training of the Mentally Retarded, 24 (1), 716.Google Scholar
Fad, K.S., & Ryser, G.R. (1993). Social/behavioral variables related to success in general education. Remedial and Special Education, 14 (1), 2535.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Foreman, P.J., Dempsey, I., Robinson, G.L.W., & Conway, R.N.F. (1996). Educational service provisions for students with mild intellectual disability: Teachers, schools, integration and resources. The Australasian Journal of Special Education, 20 (1).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Foxx, R.M., Kyle, M.S., Faw, G.D., & Bittle, R.G. (1989). Problem solving skills training: Social validation and generalization. Behavioral-Residential-Treatment, 4 (4), 269288.Google Scholar
Gardner, J.F., & Chapman, M.S. (1990). Program issues in developmental disabilities. Baltimore: Paul H Brookes. Google Scholar
Gresham, F.M., & Gresham, G.N. (1982). Interdependent, dependent and independent group contingencies for controlling disruptive behavior. Journal of Special Education, 16 (1), 101110.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Halpern, A.S., & Benz, M.R. (1987). A statewide examination of secondary special education for students with mild disabilities: Implications for the high school curriculum. Exceptional Children, 54 (2), 122129.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Healey, K.N., & Masterpasqua, F. (1992). Interpersonal cognitive problem-solving among children with mild mental retardation. Special Issue: Social skills. American Journal on Mental Retardation, 96 (4), 367372.Google Scholar
Kennedy, T. (1993). Transition from school for people with disabilities. Paper presented at the Transition Education Conference, Sydney.Google Scholar
Mallette, B., Harper, G.F., Maheady, L., & Dempsey, M. (1991). Retention of spelling words acquired using a peer-mediated instructional procedure. Education and Training in Mental Retardation, 26 (2), 156164.Google Scholar
McDonnell, J., Wilcox, B., & Hardraan, M.L. (1991). Secondary programs for students with developmental disabilities. Boston: Allyn & Bacon. Google Scholar
McWhirter, J., Wilton, K., Boyd, A., & Townsend, M.A. (1990). Classroom interactions of mildly intellectually disabled children in special and regular classrooms. Australia and New Zealand Journal of Developmental Disabilities, 16 (1), 3948.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Margalit, M., (1991) Promoting classroom adjustment and social skills for students with mental retardation within an experimental and control group design (and) reflections. Exceptionality, 2 (4), 195204.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Margalit, M., & Ronen, T. (1993). Loneliness and social competence among preadolescents and adolescents with mild mental retardation, Mental Handicap Research 6 (2), 97111.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mastropieri, M.A., Scruggs, T.E., Whittaker, M.E.S., & Bakken, J.P. (1994). Applications of mnemonic strategies with students with mild mental disabilities. Remedial and Special Education, 15 (1), 3443.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mickler, M.J. (1984). Self-management skill training for educable mentally retarded persons. Journal of Special Education, 18 (2), 143149.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nezu, C.M., Nezu, A.M., & Arean, P. (1991). Assertiveness and problem-solving training for mildly mentally retarded persons with dual diagnoses. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 12 (4), 371386.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Polloway, E.A., Patton, J.R., Epstein, M.H., & Smith, T.E.C. (1989). Comprehensive curriculum for students with mild handicaps. Focus on Exceptional Children, 21 (8), 112.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Polloway, E.A., Patton, J.R., Smith, J.D., & Roderique, T.W. (1991). Issues in program design for elementary students with mild retardation: Emphasis on curriculum development. Education and Training in Mental Retardation, 26 (2), 142150.Google Scholar
Reith, H., & Evertson, C. (1988). Variables related to the effective instruction of difficult to teach children. Focus on Exceptional Children, 20 (5), 18.Google Scholar
Reschly, D.J. (1990). Mild mental retardation: Persistent themes, changing dynamics, and future prospects. In Wang, M.C., Reynolds, M.C., & Walberg, H.J. (Eds.), Special education: Research and practice, (pp. 8199). Oxford: Permagon Press.Google Scholar
Swan, G.J. (1988). Educational provision for mildly intellectually disabled children in Queensland: Development and decline. Exceptional Children, 35 (2), 7184.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wang, M.C., & Baker, E.T. (1986). Mainstreaming programs: Design features and effects. Journal of Special Education, 4, 503–521.Google Scholar