Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-gb8f7 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-28T19:50:01.322Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Daily Data Based Instructional Procedures in Arithmetic With Skill Deficient Students

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  26 February 2016

Dagmar Neal
Dagmar Neal*
Affiliation:
Kuring-gai College of Advanced Education
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Mildly mentally handicapped students are commonly assumed to have not only low general ability, but also slow rates of learning. It is likewise held that current skill deficits of mildly handicapped students predict low potential. A classroom implementation of data based instruction or precision teaching, showed that groups of skill deficient children were able to progress and substantially change their current level of functioning along a series of teacher developed task analysed arithmetic sequences, after instruction.

Type
Research Article
Information
Australasian Journal of Special Education , Volume 6 , Issue 2 , November 1982 , pp. 22 - 36
Copyright
Copyright © The Australian Association of Special Education 1982

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Abramson, M., Cooney, J. and Vincent, L. (1980) Induction, Emergence and Generalization of logical operations in retarded children: a training to criterion procedure. The Journal of Special Education, 14, pp. 189–198.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Australian Council for Education Research (1946) Manual for Arithmetic Tests Forms C and D. Melbourne: Brown, Prior, Anderson Pty. Ltd.Google Scholar
Becker, W. C., Engelmann, S., Carnine, D. W., and Maggs, A. (1980) Direct Instruction Technology: Recent Developments and Research Findings. Prepared for lecture series at Macquarie University, Nth. Ryde N.S.W.Google Scholar
Bourke, S. F., and Lewis, R. (1976) Australian Studies in School Performance. Volume 11 Literacy and Numeracy in Australian Schools: Item Report ERDC Report No. 9 Canberra: A.G.P.S.Google Scholar
Bijou, S. W. (1977) Practical Implications of an Interaction Model of Child Development. Exceptional Children, 44, pp. 6–14.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chin, P. C., Drew, C. J., and Logan, D. R. (1975) Mental Retardation: A Life Cycle Approach. St. Louis: C. V. Mosby Company.Google Scholar
Dunlap, W. P., and House, A. D. (1976) Why Can’t Johnny Compute? Journal of Learning Disabilities, 9, pp. 16–20.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Eaton, M. D. (1978) “Data Decisions and Evaluation” in The Fourth R: Research in the Classroom (Eds. Haring, N. G., Lovitt, T. C., Eaton, M. D. Hanson, C. L.) Columbus, Ohio: Chas. E. Merrill Pub. Co.Google Scholar
Engelmann, S., and Camine, D. (1969) Distar Arithmetic I: An Instructional System. Chicago: S.R.A.Google Scholar
Experimental Education Unit (1975) Story Problems. Child Development and Mental Retardation Centre. Univ. of Washington, Seattle, Washington.Google Scholar
Forness, S. R. (1973) The Reinforcement Hierarchy Psychology in the Schools, 10, pp. 168–177.3.0.CO;2-L>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gagne, R. M. (1965) “The Analysis of Instructional Objectives for the Design of Instruction in Reading” in Teaching Machines and Programmed Learning II (Ed. Glaser, R.) Washington D.C.: N.C.E.A.Google Scholar
Gold, M. W. (1976) Task Analysis of a Complex Assembly Task by Retarded Children. Exceptional Children, 43, pp. 78–84.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hansen, C. L. (1974) Program Slicing: A Tool for Individualizing Instruction. Education and Training of the Mentally Retarded, 8, pp. 153–158.Google Scholar
Haring, N. G. (1978) “Research in the Classroom: Problems and Procedures” in The Fourth R: Research in the Classroom. (Eds. Haring, N. G., Lovitt, T. C., Eaton, M. D., Hansen, C. L.) Columbus, Ohio: Chas. E. Merrill Pub. Co.Google Scholar
Haring, N. G., and Gentry, N. D. (1976) “Direct and Individualised Instructional Procedures” in Teaching Special Children (Eds. Haring, N. G., and Schiefelbusch, R. L.) New York: McGraw-Hill Book Co.Google Scholar
Haring, N. G. Liberty, K. A., and White, O. R. (1980) “Rules for Data Based Strategy Decisions in Instructional Programs: Current Research and Instructional Implications” in Methods of Instruction for Severely Handicapped Students. (Eds. Sailor, W., Wilcox, B., Brown, L.) Baltimore: Paul H. Brookes Pubs.Google Scholar
Haughton, E. (1980) Practising Practices: Learning by Activity Journal of Precision Teaching, 1, (3) pp. 3–20.Google Scholar
Howell, K. W., Kaplan, J. S., and O’Connell, C. Y. (1979) Evaluating Exceptional Children A Task Analysis Approach. Columbus, Ohio: Chas. E. Merrill Pub. Co.Google Scholar
Johnson, J. (1980) The Effectiveness of Tool Skills and a Hunch about the Performances and Learning of Retarded Persons. Journal of Precision Teaching 1, (1) p. 31.Google Scholar
Lovitt, T. C. (1981) “Charting Academic Performanees of Mildly Handicapped Youngsters” in Handbook of Special’Education (Eds. Kauffman, J. M., and Hallahan, D. P. Englewood Cliffs N.J.: Prentice-Hall, Inc.Google Scholar
Lovitt, T. C., and Haring, N. G. (Eds.) (1979) Classroom Applications of Precision Teaching Washington: Special Child Publications.Google Scholar
Lovitt, T. C. (1978) “Arithmetic” in The Fourth R: Research in the Classroom. (Eds. Haring, N. G. Lovitt, T. C., Eaton, M. D., and Hansen, C. L.) Columbus, Ohio: Chas. E. Merrill Pub. Co.Google Scholar
Lovitt, T. C., and Hansen, C. L. (1976) The use of contingent skipping and drilling to improve oral reading and comprehension. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 9, pp. 481–487.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Neal, D. (1982) A Review of Some Traditional and Current Expectations of Mildly Handicapped Learners in Mathematics. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Developmental Disabilities. 8, (2) pp. 59–70.Google Scholar
Neal, D. (1981) Data Based Instruction for Mildly Handicapped Students. Unpublished Master’s Degree Research Project, Macquarie Univ. Nth. Ryde N.S.W.Google Scholar
New South Wales Department of Education (1977) Education for ‘Special’ Children The Division of Guidance and Special Education, Government Printer.Google Scholar
Popham, W. J., and Baker, E. L. (1970) Planning an instructional sequence. Englewood Cliffs N.J.: Prentice-Hall.Google Scholar
Rosenshine, B. V. (1980) Direct Instruction for Skill Mastery Draft Paper presented to the School of Education, University of Milwaukee at Wisconsin, Wisconsin.Google Scholar
Resnick, L. B., Wang, M. C., and Kaplan, J. (1973) Task Analysis in Curriculum Design: a hierarchy sequenced introductory mathematics curriculum, Journal of Applied Behaviour Analysis, 6, pp. 679–710.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sabatino, D. A., (1979) “Classification for Handicapped Children and Youth” in Describing Learner Characteristics of Handicapped Children and Youth. (Eds. Sabatino, D. A., and Miller, T. L.) New York: Grune and Stratton.Google Scholar
Schools Commission (1980) Schooling for 15 and 16 Year-Olds Canberra: Union Offset Co. Pty. Ltd.Google Scholar
Singh, N. H., and Ahrens, M. G. (1979) Performance of mentally retarded children on a hierarchically sequenced introductory mathematics curriuculum. The Exceptional Child, 26 (1) pp. 27–33.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Spradlin, J. E., Cotter, V. N., Stevens, C., and Friedman, M. (1974) Performance of Mentally Retarded Children on Pre-Arithmetic Tasks. American Journal of Mental Deficiency, 79, pp. 397–403.Google Scholar
Thorley, B. J., and Woods, V. M. (1979) Early Number Experiences for Pre-School Down’s Syndrome Children. Australian Journal of Early Childhood, 4, pp. 14–20.Google Scholar
Wang, M. C. Resnick, L. B., and Boozer, R. F. (1971) The Sequence of Development of Some Early Mathematic Behaviours. Child Development, 42, pp. 1767–1778.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Watts, B. H., Elkins, J., Henry, M. B., Apelt, W. C., Atkinson, J. K., and Cochrane, K. J. (1978) The Education of Mildly Intellectually Handicapped Children in the Eastern States of Australia: Philosophies, Practices and Outcomes. E.R.D.C. Report No. 17 Canberra: Australian Government Pub. Service. Weiskopf, P. E. (1980) Burnout Among Teachers of Exceptional Children. Exceptional Children, 47, pp. 18–23.Google Scholar
White, O. R., and Haring, N. G. (1976) Exceptional Teaching: A Multi Media Training Package. Columbus, Ohio: Chas. E. Merrill Pub. Co.Google Scholar
White, O. R., and Haring, N. G. (1980) Exceptional Teaching Second Edition Columbus, Ohio: Chas. E. Merrill Pub. Co.Google Scholar