Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-g7gxr Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-17T20:17:05.501Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Asperger's and Girls: What Teachers Need to Know

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 May 2015

Belinda Jarman*
Affiliation:
Faculty of Education, University of Tasmania, Australia
Christopher Rayner
Affiliation:
Faculty of Education, University of Tasmania, Australia
*
Correspondence: Belinda Jarman, Faculty of Education, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 66, Hobart, Tas. 7001, Australia. E-mail: [email protected]

Abstract

Individuals with the pervasive developmental disorder Asperger's syndrome (AS) are generally of average or above average intelligence and attend mainstream schools. Despite their intelligence, some of the characteristics and challenges associated with AS can impact upon the quality of life they experience at school. Although both males and females are diagnosed with AS, females have been underrepresented and unrepresented in much of the AS research. Consequently, much of what is known about the school experiences of students with AS is based on studies consisting predominately of male perspectives. This article discusses what adult females with AS and parents of females with AS currently attending school wish teachers understood about AS in females. Many of the experiences described by participants indicate there is a lack of understanding about AS, both generally and specifically, in relation to females. Implications of these findings and recommendations for educators and schools are provided, and directions for future research are outlined.

Type
Original Articles
Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s) 2015 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

American Psychiatric Association. (1994). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed.). Washington, DC: Author.Google Scholar
American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). Arlington, VA: Author.Google Scholar
Attwood, T. (2007). The complete guide to Asperger's syndrome. London, UK: Kingsley.Google Scholar
Brewin, B. J., Renwick, R., & Fudge Schormans, A. (2008). Parental perspectives of the quality of life in school environments for children with Asperger syndrome. Focus on Autism and Other Developmental Disabilities, 23, 242252. doi:10.1177/1088357608322997CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carrington, S., & Graham, L. (2001). Perceptions of school by two teenage boys with Asperger syndrome and their mothers: A qualitative study. Autism, 5, 3748. doi:10.1177/1362361301005001004CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Carrington, S., Templeton, E., & Papinczak, T. (2003). Adolescents with Asperger syndrome and perceptions of friendship. Focus on Autism and Other Developmental Disabilities, 18, 211218. doi:10.1177/10883576030180040201CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2012). Prevalence of autism spectrum disorders — Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network, 14 sites, United States, 2008. MMWR Surveillance Summaries, 61 (SS03), 119.Google Scholar
Church, C., Alisanski, S., & Amanullah, S. (2000). The social, behavioral, and academic experiences of children with Asperger syndrome. Focus on Autism and Other Developmental Disabilities, 15, 1220. doi:10.1177/108835760001500102CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hinton, S., Sofronoff, K., & Sheffield, J. (2008). Training teachers to manage students with Asperger's syndrome in an inclusive classroom setting. The Australian Educational and Developmental Psychologist, 25, 3448. doi:10.1375/aedp.25.2.34CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Howlin, P. (2003). Outcome in high-functioning adults with autism with and without early language delays: Implications for the differentiation between autism and Asperger syndrome. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 33, 313. doi:10.1023/A:1022270118899CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Humphrey, N., & Lewis, S. (2008). ‘Make me normal’: The views and experiences of pupils on the autistic spectrum in mainstream secondary schools. Autism, 12, 2346. doi:10.1177/1362361307085267CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jarman, B., Rayner, C., Ollington, N., & Beswick, K. (2015). Social and emotional challenges reported by adult females with Asperger syndrome and parents of school-aged females with Asperger syndrome: An exploratory study. Manuscript submitted for publication.Google Scholar
Kaland, N. (2011). Brief report: Should Asperger syndrome be excluded from the forthcoming DSM-V? Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 5, 984989. doi:10.1016/j.rasd.2011.01.011CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kite, D. M., Tyson, G. A., & Gullifer, J. M. (2011). Exploring the perception of Asperger's disorder. Australasian Journal of Special Education, 35, 204219. doi:10.1375/ajse.35.2.204CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Linton, K. F., Krcek, T. E., Sensui, L. M., & Spillers, J. L. H. (2014). Opinions of people who self-identify with autism and Asperger's on DSM-5 criteria. Research on Social Work Practice, 24, 6777. doi:10.1177/1049731513495457CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mandy, W., Chilvers, R., Chowdhury, U., Salter, G., Seigal, A., & Skuse, D. (2012). Sex differences in autism spectrum disorder: Evidence from a large sample of children and adolescents. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 42, 13041313. doi:10.1007/s10803-011-1356-0CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Myles, B. S., & Adreon, D. (2001). Asperger syndrome and adolescence: Practical solutions for school success. Shawnee Mission, KS: Autism Asperger Publishing Co.Google Scholar
Myles, B. S., & Simpson, R. L. (2002). Asperger syndrome: An overview of characteristics. Focus on Autism and Other Developmental Disabilities, 17, 132137. doi:10.1177/10883576020170030201CrossRefGoogle Scholar
O'Leary, Z. (2004). The essential guide to doing research. London, UK: Sage.Google Scholar
O'Reilly, B., & Wicks, K. (2013). The Australian autism handbook: The essential resource guide to autism spectrum disorder (2nd ed.). Edgecliff, Australia: Jane Curry Publishing.Google Scholar
Ozonoff, S., South, M., & Miller, J. N. (2000). DSM-IV defined Asperger syndrome: Cognitive, behavioural and early history of differentiation from high functioning autism. Autism, 4, 2946.Google Scholar
Saalasti, S., Lepistö, T., Toppila, E., Kujala, T., Laakso, M., Nieminen-von Wendt, T., . . . Jansson-Verkasalo, E. (2008). Language abilities of children with Asperger syndrome. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 38, 15741580. doi:10.1007/s10803-008-0540-3CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Saggers, B., Hwang, Y.-S., & Mercer, K. L. (2011). Your voice counts: Listening to the voice of high school students with autism spectrum disorder. Australasian Journal of Special Education, 35, 173190. doi:10.1375/ajse.35.2.173CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sciutto, M., Richwine, S., Mentrikoski, J., & Niedzwiecki, K. (2012). A qualitative analysis of the school experiences of students with Asperger syndrome. Focus on Autism and Other Developmental Disabilities, 27, 177188. doi:10.1177/1088357612450511CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Simone, R. (2010). Aspergirls: Empowering females with Asperger syndrome. London, UK: Kingsley.Google Scholar
Simone, R. (2012). 22 things a woman with Asperger's syndrome wants her partner to know. London, UK: Kingsley.Google Scholar
Tsai, L. Y., & Ghaziuddin, M. (2014). DSM-5 ASD moves forward into the past. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 44, 321330. doi:10.1007/s10803-013-1870-3CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wagner, S. (2006). Educating the female student with Asperger's. In Attwood, T. (Ed.), Asperger's and girls: World-renowned experts join those with Asperger's syndrome to resolve issues that girls and women face every day! (pp. 1532). Arlington, TX: Future Horizons.Google Scholar
Whiteley, P., Todd, L., Carr, K., & Shattock, P. (2010). Gender ratios in autism, Asperger syndrome and autism spectrum disorder. Autism Insights, 2, 1724. doi:10.4137/AUI.S3938CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wilkinson, L. A. (2008). The gender gap in Asperger syndrome: Where are the girls? Teaching Exceptional Children Plus, 4 (4), 29.Google Scholar
Willey, L. H. (1999). Pretending to be normal: Living with Asperger's syndrome. London, UK: Kingsley.Google Scholar
Willey, L. H. (2012). Safety skills for Asperger women: How to save a perfectly good female life. London, UK: Kingsley.Google Scholar
Young, R. L., & Rodi, M. L. (2014). Redefining autism spectrum disorder using DSM-5: The implications of the proposed DSM-5 criteria for autism spectrum disorders. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 44, 758765. doi:10.1007/s10803-013-1927-3CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed