Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-g8jcs Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-26T20:05:58.525Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

A Note on Nonparametric Estimation of the CTE

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 August 2013

Bangwon Ko
Affiliation:
Soongsil University, 11 Sangdo-Dong, Dongjak-Gu, Seoul, 156-743, South Korea, Telephone: 82-2-820-0447, E-Mail: [email protected]
Ralph P. Russo
Affiliation:
Dept. of Statistics and Actuarial Science, The University of Iowa, 241 Schaeffer Hall, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA, E-mail: [email protected]
Nariankadu D. Shyamalkumar
Affiliation:
Dept. of Statistics and Actuarial Science, The University of Iowa, 241 Schaeffer Hall, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA, Telephone: (319)-335-1980, E-Mail: [email protected]

Abstract

The α-level Conditional Tail Expectation (CTE) of a continuous random variable X is defined as its conditional expectation given the event {X > qα} where qα represents its α-level quantile. It is well known that the empirical CTE (the average of the n (1 – α) largest order statistics in a sample of size n) is a negatively biased estimator of the CTE. This bias vanishes as the sample size increases, but in small samples can be significant. In this article it is shown that an unbiased nonparametric estimator of the CTE does not exist. In addition, the asymptotic behavior of the bias of the empirical CTE is studied, and a closed form expression for its first order term is derived. This expression facilitates the study of the behavior of the empirical CTE with respect to the underlying distribution, and suggests an alternative (to the bootstrap) approach to bias correction. The performance of the resulting estimator is assessed via simulation.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © International Actuarial Association 2009

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Artzner, P., Delbaen, F., Eber, J.-M. and Heath, D. (1997) Thinking coherently. RISK, 10(11): 6871.Google Scholar
Artzner, P., Delbaen, F., Eber, J.-M. and Heath, D. (1999) Coherent measures of risk. Math. Finance, 9(3): 203228.Google Scholar
Bickel, P.J. and Lehmann, E.L. (1969) Unbiased estimation in convex families. Ann. Math. Statist., 40: 15231535.Google Scholar
Bilodeau, M. (2004) Discussion on: “Tail conditional expectations for elliptical distributions” [N. Am. Actuar. J. 7 (2003), no. 4, 5571]Google Scholar
by Landsman, Z.M. and Valdez, E.A.. N. Am. Actuar. J, 8(3): 118123. With a reply by Landsman, and Valdez, .Google Scholar
Cai, J. and Li, H. (2005) Conditional tail expectations for multivariate phase-type distributions. J. Appl. Probab., 42(3): 810825.Google Scholar
Delbaen, F. (2000) Coherent risk measures. Lecture Notes, Pisa.Google Scholar
Dhaene, J., Goovaerts, M.J. and Kaas, R. (2003) Economic capital allocation derived from risk measures. N. Am. Actuar. J., 7(2): 4459.Google Scholar
Hardy, M. (2003) Investment Guarantees: The New Science of Modeling and Risk Management for Equity-Linked Life Insurance. Wiley, 1 edition.Google Scholar
Hutson, A.D. and Ernst, M.D. (2000) The exact bootstrap mean and variance of an L-estimator. J. R. Stat. Soc. Ser. B Stat. Methodol., 62(1): 8994.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jones, B.L. and Zitikis, R. (2003) Empirical estimation of risk measures and related quantities. N. Am. Actuar. J., 7(4): 4454.Google Scholar
Kim, J.H.T. and Hardy, M. (2007) Quantifying and correcting the bias in estimated risk measures. Astin Bulletin, 37(2): 365386.Google Scholar
Landsman, Z.M. and Valdez, E.A. (2003) Tail conditional expectations for elliptical distributions. N. Am. Actuar. J., 7(4): 5571.Google Scholar
Manistre, B.J. and Hancock, G.H. (2005) Variance of the CTE estimator. N. Am. Actuar. J., 9(2): 129156.Google Scholar
R Development Core Team (2008) R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. ISBN 3-900051-07-0.Google Scholar
Reiss, R.-D. (1989) Approximate distributions of order statistics. Springer Series in Statistics. Springer-Verlag, New York. With applications to nonparametric statistics.Google Scholar
Rosenblatt, M. (1956) Remarks on some nonparametric estimates of a density function. Ann. Math. Statist., 27: 832837.Google Scholar
Russo, R.P. and Shyamalkumar, N.D. (2008) Bounds for the bias of the empirical CTE. Unpublished Report.Google Scholar
Silverman, B.W. (1986) Density estimation for statistics and data analysis. Monographs on Statistics and Applied Probability. Chapman & Hall, London.Google Scholar
Tierney, L., Rossini, A.J., Li, N. and Sevcikova, H. (2008) snow: Simple Network of Workstations. R package version 0.3-3.Google Scholar
Tierney, L., Rossini, A.J., Li, N. and Sevcikova, H. (2009). Snow: A parallel computing framework for the R system. Int. J. Parallel Prog., 37: 7890.CrossRefGoogle Scholar