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The Advent of Lawyers in Japanese Government

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 November 2017

Daniel H. FOOTE
Daniel H. FOOTE*
Affiliation:
The University of Tokyo and the Asian Law Center, University of Washington School of Law
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Abstract

Until 2003, Japanese lawyers were prohibited by law from entering full-time employment in governmental bodies. That year, in line with recommendations by the Justice System Reform Council, the Lawyers Act was amended to permit lawyers to undertake such employment. Incorporating information and insights from interviews with former government lawyers and other concerned parties, this article examines the rise in the hiring of government lawyers and its impact. The article considers factors that have contributed to the increase, examines the roles played by these lawyers, considers prospects for the future, and discusses implications for government, the legal profession, clients, and legal education and training. The article also seeks to identify a range of issues raised by these developments that warrant further in-depth research.

Keywords

legal professionnational governmentlocal governmentin-house lawyersjustice reformethicslegal education
Type
Research Article
Information
Asian Journal of Law and Society , Volume 5 , Issue 1 , May 2018 , pp. 135 - 173
Copyright
© Cambridge University Press and KoGuan Law School, Shanghai Jiao Tong University 2018 

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Footnotes

*

Professor of Law, The University of Tokyo; Senior Adviser, Asian Law Center, University of Washington School of Law. I have benefited from information, advice, and comments from many sources. I would like to express my appreciation to Bruce Aronson, Bandō Kumiko, Kay-wah Chan, John Haley, Hayami Yū, Colin Jones, Kitagawa Masayasu, Craig Martin, Murayama Masayuki, Luke Nottage, Ōta Shōzō, Yorikane Daisuke, and numerous former students and other interviewees who have worked as government lawyers or public servants. I have benefited greatly from presentations and discussions regarding this topic at several sessions of the Citizens’ Council (Shimin Kaigi) for the Japan Federation of Bar Associations (JFBA), and from helpful feedback following presentations at the Inaugural Asian Law and Society Association Conference, National University of Singapore, 22 September 2016, and the Asian Law Lecture Series, University of Washington School of Law, 2 March 2017. I am especially grateful to Michi Mayumi and others involved in JFBA efforts to promote the hiring of government lawyers, to Okamoto Tadashi, to Nomura Yū, and to Kanayama Aiko for their support and the extensive information and feedback they have provided. Portions of my research were supported by the following grants, for which I wish to express my gratitude: Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS), Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research, Base Studies B, No. 24330005 (Role of Law in Post-Disaster Relief, Prevention of Damage and Promotion of Recovery); JSPS, Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research, Base Studies A, No. 25245002 (Empirical Research on Alternative Dispute Resolution Processes); and the Foundation for Research in Civil Dispute Resolution (Lawyers in Every Corner of Society?). Note regarding formatting and translations: for cites to works published in English, I have used the name order that appears in the publication. Otherwise, for Japanese names, I have followed the order normally used in Japan: namely family name first, followed by given name. Except as otherwise indicated, all translations are by the author.

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