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Preventive Potential of the International Criminal Court

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  13 May 2013

SONG Sang-Hyun
SONG Sang-Hyun*
Affiliation:
International Criminal Court [email protected]
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Abstract

This article discusses the transition of international criminal justice from a predominantly ex post facto punitive concept of post World War II efforts—and the ad hoc tribunals set up in the 1990s—towards a more comprehensive concept of justice centred around the International Criminal Court established by the Rome Statute, with significant potential for the prevention of future atrocities. Four sources of preventive effect are examined: deterrence, timely intervention, stabilization, and norm setting. Significant challenges remain for the Rome Statute system, notably strengthening the principle of complementarity, enhancing the co-operation of states with the ICC, securing sufficient resources for international justice, and furthering universal acceptance of the Rome Statute, especially in the Asia-Pacific. The author argues that the ultimate value of the Rome Statute system lies in entrenching legal and social norms that will help human compassion prevail over cruelty.

Type
Invited Articles
Information
Asian Journal of International Law , Volume 3 , Issue 2 , July 2013 , pp. 203 - 213
Copyright
Copyright © Asian Journal of International Law 2013 

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Footnotes

*

President (since 2009) and Judge (since 2003) of the International Criminal Court. This article is a modified version of “From Punishment to Prevention: Reflections on the Future of International Criminal Justice”, Wallace Wurth Memorial Lecture, delivered by the author, on 14 February 2012 at the University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia, who also participated in the Conference Justice for All? Ten Years of the International Criminal Court, 14−16 February 2012, organized by the Australian Human Rights Centre and the Faculties of Law and Arts and Social Sciences at the University of New South Wales. The views expressed herein are solely of the author in his personal capacity and do not in any way represent the positions of those offices.

References

1. United Nations Charter, 24 October 1945, 1 U.N.T.S. XVI, art. 24.

2. See e.g. “Statement by Trinidad and Tobago at the UN General Assembly” (15 September 2002), online: United Nations <http://www.un.org/webcast/ga/57/statements/020915trinidadE.htm>.

3. UN General Assembly, Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court (last amended 2010), 17 July 1998, art. 6 [Rome Statute].

4. Ibid., art. 7.

5. Ibid., art. 8.

6. Ibid., arts. 8bis, 15bis, 15ter.

7. UN Security Council Resolution 1970 (The Situation in Libya), S/RES/1970 (2011).

8. UN Security Council Resolution 827 (Tribunal, Former Yugoslavia), S/RES/827 (1993).

9. Ibid., at preambular para. 6.

10. BASS, Gary, Stay the Hand of Vengeance: the Politics of War Crimes Tribunals (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2000) at 206−275Google Scholar

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14. Note, however, that the ICC's jurisdiction is limited to crimes occurring on the territory or committed by a citizen of a State Party to the Rome Statute or a state that has accepted the ICC's jurisdiction by a declaration, unless a situation is referred to the ICC Prosecutor by the United Nations Security Council.

15. The preliminary examination is the stage preceding a formal investigation.

16. “World Development Report 2011: Conflict, Security and Development” (2011) at 17−18, online: World Bank <http://wdr2011.worldbank.org/sites/default/files/WDR2011_Overview.pdf>.

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18. Rome Statute, supra note 3, art. 68.

19. As of March 2013, ten of the eighteen ICC judges were women.

20. Rome Statute, supra note 3, art. 79(2).

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22. Ibid., at 11.

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24. Complementarity, ICC-ASP/11/Res.6 (2012) at preambular para. 3.

25. Cooperation, ICC-ASP/11/Res.5 (2012).

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27. As of March 2013, three of the latest six states to join the ICC are from the Asia-Pacific (Vanuatu acceded on 2 December 2011, Maldives acceded on 21 September 2011, and the Philippines ratified the Rome Statute on 30 August 2011).

28. BRENNAN, Justice William J., “Remarks: What's Ahead for the New Lawyer?” (1986) 47 University of Pittsburgh Law Review 705 at 708Google Scholar