¹ For further elaboration on this by the same author, see Feener, R. Michael, Muslim Legal Thought in Modern Indonesia (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007)CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

² For a book discussing fatwas in Indonesia, see Hooker, MB, Indonesian Islam: Social Change Through Contemporary Fatawa (Crows Nest: Asian Studies Association of Australia, 2000)Google Scholar

³ In Malaysia it is referred to as Syariah courts.

⁴ See for instance Shuaib, Farid Sufian, Powers and Jurisdiction of Syariah Courts in Malaysia (Kuala Lumpur: Malayan Law Journal, 2003) at 8–9 Google Scholar.

⁵ See Shuaib, Farid Sufian, “Parallel Court Systems and Conversion of One Spouse to Islam: A Case Commentary on Saravanan Thangathoray v Subashini Rajasingam and Another Appeal ” [2007] The Law Review 246 Google Scholar.

⁶ The insertion of clause (1A) in article 121 of the Federal Constitution. For a background on this, see for instance Shuaib, Farid Sufian, Bustami, Tajul Aris Ahmad & Kamal, Mohd Hisham Mohd, The Administration of Islamic Law in Malaysia: Texts and Material (Kuala Lumpur: MLJ, 2001)Google Scholar. See also Li-ann, Thio, “Jurisdictional Imbroglio: Civil and Religious Courts, Turf Wars and Article 121(1A) of the Federal Constitution”, in Harding, Andrew & Lee, HP (Eds.), Constitutional Landmarks in Malaysia:The First 50 Years, 1957-2007 (Petaling Jaya: Malayan Law Journal, 2007)Google Scholar.

⁷ Hassan, Sharifah Zaleha Syed, Managing Marital Disputes in Malaysia: Islamic Mediators and Conflict Resolution in the Syariah Courts (London: Curzon Press, 1997)Google Scholar; Peletz, Michael G, Islamic Modern: Religious Courts and Cultural Politics in Malaysia (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2002)Google Scholar.