¹ The literature is vast, but see Collier, Jane et al., “Editors’ Introduction” (1994) 28 Law & Soc’y Rev. 417 Google Scholar; Harding, Andrew J., “Comparative Law and Legal Transplantation in South East Asia: Making Sense of the ‘Nomic Din’” in Nelken, D. & Feest, J., eds., Adapting Legal Cultures 199–222 (Oxford: Hart Publishing, 2001).Google Scholar

² See Hooker, M. B., Legal Pluralism: An Introduction to Colonial and Neo-colonial Laws (Oxford: Clarendon, 1975)Google Scholar.

³ See, e.g., Carruthers, Bruce & Halliday, Terrence, “Negotiating Globalization: Global Scripts and Intermediation in the Construction of Asian Insolvency Regimes” (2006) 31:3 Law & Soc. Inquiry 521 CrossRefGoogle Scholar (“Carruthers & Halliday, 2006”); Benda-Beckmann, Franz von & Benda-Beckmann, Keebet von, “Transnationalisation, Globalisation and Pluralism: A Legal Anthropological Perspective”, in Antons, Christoph & Gessner, Volkmar, eds., Globalisation and Resistance: Law Reform in Asia since the Crisis 53–80 (Oxford: Hart Publishing, 2007)Google Scholar.

⁴ See von Benda-Beckmann & von Benda-Beckmann, ibid; Gillespie, John, “Developing a Framework for Understanding the Localisation of Global Scripts in East Asia” in Halpin, Andrew & Roeben, Volker, eds., Theorising Legal Globalization 209–232 (Oxford: Hart Publishing, 2009)Google Scholar.

⁵ See Soesastro, H., “Implementing the ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) Blueprint” in Soesastro, H., ed., “Deepening Economic Integration: The ASEAN Economic Community and Beyond” (2007) 1:2 Google Scholar ERIA Research Project Report.

⁶ See generally Bruce Carruthers & Halliday, Terrence, “Negotiating Globalization: Global Scripts and Intermediation in the Construction of Asian Insolvency Regimes” (2006) 31:3 Law & Soc. Inquiry 521 Google Scholar; Gillespie, John, Transplanting Commercial Law Reform (Aldershot: Ashgate, 2006)Google Scholar.

⁷ The World Bank, “Doing Business Report 2013” provides a rough measure of the relationship between business regulation and commercial activity. The Southeast Asian rankings are: 1 Singapore; 12 Malaysia, 18 Thailand, 99 Vietnam, 128 Indonesia and 138 Philippines 138. See World Bank, “Doing Business Report 2013”, online: Doing Business: Measuring Business Regulations <http://www.doingbusiness.org/rankings> (last accessed 30 April 2013).

⁸ See Tabalujan, Benny, “Why Indonesian Corporate Governance Failed – Conjectures” (2002) 15:2 Colum. J. Asian Law 141.Google Scholar

⁹ See Gillespie, John, “Exploring the Role of Legitimacy in Framing Responses to Global Legal Reforms in a Transforming Socialist Asia” (2011) 28:2 Wis. Int’l L.J. 534 Google Scholar (“Gillespie 2011”).

¹⁰ See Teubner, Gunther, “Global Bukowina” in Teubner, Gunther, ed., Global Law Without a State 3–28 (Brookfield: Dartsmouth, 1997)Google Scholar (“Teubner 1997”).

¹¹ See Schuppert, Gunnar Folke, “New modes of governance and the rule of law: the case of transnational rule-making” in Zurn, Michael, Nollkaemper, Andre & Peerenboom, Randall, eds., Rule of Law Dynamics: In an Era of International and Transnational Governance 90–110 (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2012)CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Richard Appelbaum, William Felstiner & Volkmar Gessner, Rules and Networks: The Legal Culture of Global Business Transactions 159-188 (Oxford: Hart Publishing, 2001).

¹² See Cashmore, Benjamin, “Legitimacy and Privatization of Environmental Governance: How Non-state Market Driven Systems gain Market Recognition” (2002) 15 Governance 502 Google Scholar; Bartley, Tim, “Certifying Forests and Factories: States, Social Movements, and the Rise of Private Regulation in the Apparel and Forest Products Field” (2003) 31:3 Politics and Society 433.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

¹³ The literature is vast, but see Ivarsson, Inge & Alvstam, Claes Göran, “Upgrading in Global Value-Chains: A Case Study of Technology-Learning Among IKEA-Suppliers in China and Southeast Asia” (2011) 11:4 Journal of Economic Geography 731 CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Sturgeon, Timothy J. & Lester, Richard K., The New Global Supply Base – New Challenges for Local Suppliers in East Asia (Cambridge, MA: Industrial Performance Centre, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2003)Google Scholar (“Sturgeon & Lester 2003”); Kimura, Fukunari, “International Production/Distribution Networks in Indonesia” (2005) 43 The Developing Economies 17 CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Javorcik, Beata, “Can Survey Evidence Shed Light on Spillovers from Foreign Direct Investment?” (2008) 23:2 World Bank Research Observer 139.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

¹⁴ See generally Provan, Keith & Kenis, Patrick, “Modes of Network Governance: Structure, Management, and Effectiveness” (2008) 18:2 Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory 229.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

¹⁵ See Deyo, Fredrick, Sturgeon, Timothy J. & Kawakami, Momko , “Global Value Chains in the Electronics Industry: Was the Crisis a Window of Opportunity for Developing Countries?” in Cattaneo, Oliver, Gereffi, Gary & Staritz, Cornelia, eds., Global Value Chains in a Postcrisis World 245–302 (Washington, DC: World Bank Publications, 2010)Google Scholar.

¹⁶ See Sturgeon, Timothy J. & Lester, Richard K., The New Global Supply Base – New Challenges for Local Suppliers in East Asia (Cambridge, MA: Industrial Performance Centre, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2003) at 4.Google Scholar See also Peng, Mike & Zhou, Jessie, “How Network Strategies and Institutional Transitions Evolve” (2005) 22 Asia Pacific Journal of Management 321.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

¹⁷ For example, in 2000, U.S. firms accounted for approximately 30 per cent of trade with Asia, but currently they account for less than 14 per cent. Over the same timeframe, intra-Asian trade has increased from 30 per cent to more than 60 per cent, and intra-Asian investment has increased from around 16 per cent in 1991 to more than 79 per cent in 2005. See Gruenwald, Paul & Hori, Masahiro, “Intra-Regional Trade Key to Asia’s Export Boom” IMF Survey Magazine (6 February 2008)Google Scholar, online: IMF Survey Magazine <http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/survey/so/2008/car02608a.htm>; Durgesh K. Rai, “Asian Economic Integration and Cooperation – Challenges and Way Forward” East Asia Forum (1 July 2010), online: East Asia Forum <http://www.eastasiaforum.org/2010/07/01/asian-economic-integration-and-cooperation-challenges-and-way-forward/> (last accessed 18 November 2013).

¹⁸ See Haiyan, Tang & Huiqing, Zhang, “China Reshapes the East Asian Production Network” China Economist 4:2 (2009)Google Scholar, online: China Economist <http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1544327##> (last accessed 18 November 2013).

¹⁹ See Kiyota, Kozo, Sazanam, Yoko & Wong, Yu Ching, “Intra-regional Trade in Asia: Dynamics of Production Sharing” (2006)Google Scholar [unpublished], online: <https://www.univ-lehavre.fr/actu/itlcsge/kiyota_2.pdf> (last accessed 18 November 2013).

²⁰ See Kaplinky, Raphael & Farooki, Masuma, “Global Value Chians, The Crisis and the Shift of Markets from North to South” in Cattaneo, Oliver, Gereffi, Gary & Staritz, Cornelia, eds., Global Value Chains in a Postcrisis World 143–146 (Washington, DC: World Bank Publications, 2010)Google Scholar.

²¹ See generally Deyo, Fredrick, “Addressing the Development Deficit of Competition Policy: The Role of Economic Networks” in Dowdle, Michael, Gillespie, John & Maher, Imelda, eds., Asian Capitalism and the Regulation of Competition 283–300 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2013)CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Evens, Peter, Embedded Autonomy: States and Industrial Transformation (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1995)Google Scholar.

²² This spill-over effect brought about by commercial interaction and worker mobility. See Mell, Luiz De, “Foreign Direct Investment in Developing Countries and Growth: A Selective Survey” (1997) 34:1 Journal of Development Studies 1 CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Saxenian, AnnaLee & Hsu, Jinn-Yuh, “The Silicon Valley–Hsinchu Connection: Technical Communities and Industrial Upgrading” (2001) 10 Industrial and Corporate Change 893.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

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²⁷ See Moore, Sally F., “Law and Social Change in the Semi-Autonomous Social Field as an Appropriate Subject of Study” (1973) 7 Law & Soc’y Rev. 719 at 722CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Moore, Sally F., “Certainties Undone: Fifty Turbulent Years of Legal Anthropology, 1949-1999” (2001) 7:1 The Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute 95.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

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²⁹ Tamanaha, Brian Z., “The Folly of the ‘Social Scientific’ Concept of Legal Pluralism” (1993) 20:2 Journal of Law and Society 192 CrossRefGoogle Scholar at 193, 195-199. Also see Tamanaha, Brian, Sage, Caroline & Wilcock, Michael, eds., Legal Pluralism and Development (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2012)CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

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³² Ibid. Also see Zumbansen, Peer, “Transnational Legal Pluralism” (2010) 10:2 Transnational Legal Theory 141.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

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³⁴ See Hancher, Leigh & Moran, Michael, “Organizing Regulatory Space” in Hancher, Leigh & Moran, Michael, eds., Capitalism, Culture and Regulation 271–300 (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1989).Google Scholar

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³⁷ Ibid. at 268.

³⁸ Teubner, Gunther, “Global Bukowina” in Teubner, Gunther, ed., Global Law Without a State (Brookfield: Dartsmouth, 1997)Google Scholar; Teubner, Gunther, “The Two Faces of Janus: Rethinking Legal Pluralism” (1992) 13 Cardozo L. Rev. 1443.Google Scholar

³⁹ This pragmatic approach to systems theory contrasts with Niklas Luhmann’s approach to systems theory. See King, Michael, “The Truth About Autopoiesis” (1993) 20 J.L. & Soc’y 218 CrossRefGoogle Scholar at 224.

⁴⁰ Buxbaum, Richard M., “Is ‘Network’ a Legal Concept?” (1993) 149 Journal of Institutional and Theoretical Economics 702 Google Scholar; Collins, Hugh, “The Network Architecture of Supply Chains” in Amstutz, Marc & Teubner, Gunther, eds., Networks: Legal Issues of Multilateral Co-Operation 187–210 (Oxford: Hart Publishing, 2009 Google Scholar) (“Collins 2009”).

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⁴⁴ See Piore, Michael & Sable, Charles, The Second Industrial Divide: Possibilities for Prosperity (New York: Basic Books, 1984)Google Scholar.

⁴⁵ Research shows that firms replicate the regulatory conditions found in their home jurisdiction: see Pauly, Louis W. & Reich, Simon, “National Structures and Multinational Corporate Behaviour” (1997) 51:1 International Organization 1 CrossRefGoogle Scholar (“Pauly & Reich 1997”).

⁴⁶ See Wade, Robert, Governing the Market: Economic Theory and the Role of Government in East Asian Industrialization (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1990)Google Scholar.

⁴⁷ See Schaede, Ulrike, Cooperative Capitalism: Self-Regulation, Trade Associations and the Antimonopoly Law in Japan (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000)Google Scholar; Upham, Frank, “Privatized Regulation: Japanese Regulatory Style in Comparative and International Perspective” (1997) 20 Fordham Int’l L.J. 396.Google Scholar See also Ohnesorge, John, “Law and Development Orthodoxies and the Northeast Asian Experience” in McAlinn, Gerald & Pejovic, Caslav, eds., Law and Development in Asia (London: Routledge, 2012) at 7 Google Scholar, 16-30.

⁴⁸ See Johnson, Chalmers, MITI and the Japanese Miracle: The Growth of Industry Policy (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1982)Google Scholar.

⁴⁹ Bob Jessop has labelled this regulatory focus on human relationships the “competition state”. See Jessop, Bob, The Future of the Capitalist State (Cambridge: Polity Press, 2002) at 96.Google Scholar

⁵⁰ See Chen, Tain-Jy, “The Emergence of Hsinchu Science Park as an IT Cluster” in Yusuf, Shahid, Nabeshima, Kaoru & Yamashita, Shoichi, eds., Growing Industrial Clusters in Asia: Serendipity and Science 67–90 (Washington, DC: World Bank Publications, 2008)Google Scholar.

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⁵⁴ Vertical networks lacked the cross ownership that typified the horizontal keiretsu in Japan. See Gilson, Ronald & Roe, Mark J., “Understanding the Japanese Keiretsu ” (1993) 102 Yale L.J. 871.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

⁵⁵ See Cheng, Gordon, “The Significance of Overseas Chinese in East Asia” in Beeson, Mark & Stubbs, Richard, eds., Routledge Handbook of Asian Regionalism 77–89 (London: Routledge, 2012)Google Scholar.

⁵⁶ See Deyo, Fredrick, “Addressing the Development Deficit of Competition Policy: The Role of Economic Networks” in Dowdle, Michael, Gillespie, John & Maher, Imelda eds., Asian Capitalism and the Regulation of Competition 283–300 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2013)CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Chung, Chi-Nien, “Beyond Guanxi: Network Contingencies in Taiwanese Business Groups” (2005) 27:4 Organisational Studies 461.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

⁵⁷ See Chen, Chung-Jen, “The Effects of Knowledge Attribute, Alliance, Characteristics, and Absorptive Capacity on Knowledge Transfer Performance” (2004) 34:3 R&D Management 311 Google Scholar at 312.

⁵⁸ The literature is vast, but see ibid. at 314; Yusuf, Shahid, “Intermediating Knowledge Exchange between Universities and Businesses” (2008) 37:8 Research Policy 1167.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

⁵⁹ See Kaplinsky, Raphael, Easternization: The Spread of Japanese Management Techniques in Developing Countries (London: Frank Cass, 1994)Google Scholar; Baldwin, Caliss & Clark, Kimberly, Design Rules: Unleashing the Power of Modularity (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2000)Google Scholar.

⁶⁰ See Selnes, Fred & Sallis, James, “Promoting Relationship Learning” (2003) 67 Journal of Marketing 80 CrossRefGoogle Scholar at 83.

⁶¹ Research shows that firms replicate the regulatory conditions found in their home jurisdiction. See Pauly, Louis W. & Reich, Simon, “National Structures and Multinational Corporate Behaviour” (1997) 51:1 International Organization 1.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

⁶² See Nottage, Luke, “Perspectives and Approaches: A Framework for Comparing Japanese Corporate Governance”in Nottage, Luke, Wolf, Lean & Anderson, Kent, eds., Perspectives and Approaches Corporate Governance in the 21st Century: Japanese Gradual Transformation (Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, 2008) at 21–52.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

⁶³ Ganeshan Wignaraja, “Engaging Small and Medium Enterprises in Production Networks: Firm-level Analysis of Five ASEAN Economies” Asian Development Bank Institute, Working Paper Series, No 361 (June 2012), online: <http://www.adbi.org/working-paper/2012/06/01/5076.engaging.small.medium.enterprises/> (last accessed 18 November 2013).

⁶⁴ See, e.g., Aronson, Bruce, “Learning from Toyota’s Troubles: The Debate on Board Oversight, Board Structure, and Director Independence in Japan” (2010) 15:30 Journal of Japanese Law 67.Google Scholar

⁶⁵ See Fitzpatrick, Peter, The Mythology of Modern Law (London: Routledge, 1992).CrossRefGoogle Scholar

⁶⁶ See Hall, Peter A. & Soskice, David, Varieties of Capitalism: The Changes Facing Contemporary Political conomics (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000).Google Scholar

⁶⁷ See Macaulay, Stewart, “Non-Contractual Relations in Business: A Preliminary Study” (1963) 28 American Sociological Review 55.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

⁶⁸ See generally Yueng, Henry, Transnational Corporations and Business Networks (London: Routledge, 1998) at 6 Google Scholar; Appelbaum, Richard, Felstiner, William & Gessner, Volkmar, Rules and Networks: The Legal Culture of Global Business Transactions (Oxford: Hart Publishing, 2001) at 159–188.Google Scholar

⁶⁹ See, e.g., Dyer, Jeffrey, “How Chrysler Created an American Keiretsu” Harvard Business Review (July–August 1996)Google Scholar; Collins, Hugh, “The Network Architecture of Supply Chains” in Amstutz, Marc & Teubner, Gunther, eds., Networks: Legal Issues of Multilateral Co-Operation (Oxford: Hart Publishing, 2009).Google Scholar

⁷⁰ See Abo, Tetsuo, “Hybridization of Japanese Production Systems in North America, Newly Industrialized Economies, South East Asia and Europe: Contrasting Configurations” in Boyer, Robert et al., eds., Between Imitation and Innovation (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1997) at 216–230.Google Scholar

⁷¹ See Cheung, Mee Shew, Myers, Matthew B. & Thomas Mentzer, J., “The Value of Relational Learning in Global Buyer-Supplier Exchanges” (2011) 32:10 Strategic Management Journal 1061 CrossRefGoogle Scholar at 1064-1065.

⁷² The interviews were conducted in association with N.H. Quang and Associates, a Vietnamese law firm, and with other Vietnamese law firms and research assistants who wished to remain anonymous. Most interlocutors wished to remain anonymous, but some agreed to the identification of their firm name and commercial associations.

⁷³ “Intel talks about investment environment in Vietnam” Vietnam Economic Times (24 January 2008) (“Intel nói về môi trường đầu tư Việt Nam” Vietnam Economic Times (24 January 2008)) (“Vietnam Economic Times 2008”).

⁷⁴ The CoC contains five principles: Intel conducts business with honesty and integrity; Intel follows the letter and spirit of the law; Intel employees treat each other fairly; Intel employees act in the best interests of Intel and avoid conflicts of interest; Intel employees protect the company’s assets and reputation. See Intel Corporation, Intel Code of Conduct, online: <http://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/policy/policy-code-conduct-corporate-information.html> (last accessed 18 November 2013).

⁷⁵ See VnExpress, “A state agency signs a commitment refusing bribes” Vietnamnet Bridge (7 September 2007) (“Một cơ quan nhà nước ký cam kết từ chối việc hối lộ” Vietnamnet Bridge (7 September 2007)), online: <http://search.vnexpress.net/news?s=M%E1%BB%99t+c%C6%A1+quan+nh%C3%A0+n%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Bc+k%C3%BD+cam+k%E1%BA%BFt+t%E1%BB%AB+ch%E1%BB%91i+vi%E1%BB%87c+h%E1%BB%91i+l%E1%BB%99&g=0B439851-C644-4B23-904E-9D7B068D05F7&butS=yes> (last accessed 18 November 2013).

⁷⁶ “Intel talks about investment environment in Vietnam” Vietnam Economic Times (24 January 2008) (“Intel nói v̀ môi trường đ̀u tư Việt Nam” Vietnam Economic Times (24 January 2008)).

⁷⁷ Interviews Lam Vu Thao, In-house counsel, Intel Vietnam, Ho Chi Minh City, 14 October 2008 and 3 July 2009 (conducted by Nguyen Hung Quang) and 17 and 22 February 2012 (conducted by the author).

⁷⁸ See McMillan, John & Woodruff, Christopher, “Interfirm Relationships and Informal Credit in Vietnam” (1999) 114:4 Quarterly Journal of Economics 1285 CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Gillespie, John, “Exploring the Role of Legitimacy in Framing Responses to Global Legal Reforms in a Transforming Socialist Asia” (2011) 28:2 Wis. Int’l L.J. 534.Google Scholar

⁷⁹ The term “cultural intermediary” is used to describe a person who uses cross-cultural knowledge to adjust one regulatory system to the particularities of another system. See Benton, Lauren, Law and Colonial Cultures: Legal Regimes in World History 1400-1900 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002) at 3–9.Google Scholar

⁸⁰ Over 50 Interviews with six senior managers of a sporting goods and footwear firm were conducted by the author with the assistance of N.H. Quang and Associates and research assistants between July 2004 and April 2012 in Hanoi, Vietnam.

⁸¹ In 1999, Nike responded to global pressure about poor labour conditions in Vietnamese factories manufacturing Nike products and introduced an “Internal Code of Conduct” modelled on International Labour Organization (ILO) conventions for the establishment and protection of workers.

⁸² This case study is based on over 20 interviews with three managers of the firm conducted from 2008-2013.

⁸³ “Sy dien” literally means “face keeping” but connotes “reputation”.

⁸⁴ This study is based on over 30 interviews with three managers of the Vietnamese cooper wire distributors and a Korean cooper wire manufacturer. The interviews were conducted from 2005-2011 in Hanoi.

⁸⁵ Literally “soldier clubs”, a term referring to early morning trading circles.

⁸⁶ See Deyo, Frederic C. & Doner, Richard F., “Dynamic Flexibility and Sectoral Governance in the Thai Auto Industry: The Enclave Problem” in Deyo, Frederic C., Doner, Richard F. & Hershberg, Eric, eds., Economic Governance and the Challenge of Flexibility in East Asia (Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 2001) at 107–136.Google Scholar

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⁸⁹ Quasi-familial relationships are widely reported in Southeast Asian business networks. See Tabalujan, Benny, “Why Indonesian Corporate Governance Failed – Conjectures” (2002) 15:2 Colum. J. Asian Law at 141.Google Scholar

⁹⁰ For a discussion about co-evolutionary changes to regulatory outlooks, see Cashmore, Benjamin, Auld, Graeme & Renckens, Stefan, “The Impact of Private, Industry and Transnational Civil Society Regulation and their Interaction with Official Regulation” in Parker, Christine & Nielsen, Vibeke, eds., Explaining Compliance: Business Responses to Regulation (Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, 2011).Google Scholar

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⁹² For a detailed discussion about regulatory compliance in Vietnam, see Gillespie, John, “Testing the Limits to the ‘Rule of Law’: Commercial Regulation in Vietnam” (2009) 12:2 Journal of Comparative Asian Development 245.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

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⁹⁴ See Carruthers, Bruce & Halliday, Terrence, “Negotiating Globalization: Global Scripts and Intermediation in the Construction of Asian Insolvency Regimes” (2006) 31:3 Law & Soc. Inquiry 521.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

⁹⁵ See Pereenboom, Randal, “Rule of Law, Democracy and the Sequencing Debate: Lessons from China and Vietnam” in Gillespie, John & Chen, Albert, eds., Law Reform in Communist Asia: Comparing China and Vietnam 29–50 (London: Routledge, 2010)Google Scholar; Dowdle, Michael, “The Geography of Regulation” in Levi-Faur, David, ed., Handbook on the Politics of Regulation 576–589 (Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar, 2011).Google Scholar (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012).

⁹⁶ See Berkowitz, Daniel, Pistor, Katharina & Richard, Jean-Francois, “The Transplant Effect” (2003) 51 Am. J. Comp. L. 163 CrossRefGoogle Scholar at 167.

⁹⁷ See Deyo, Fredrick, “Addressing the Development Deficit of Competition Policy: The Role of Economic Networks” in Dowdle, Michael, Gillespie, John & Maher, Imelda, eds., Asian Capitalism and the Regulation of Competition (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2013)Google Scholar.

⁹⁸ See Lars H. Gulbrandsen, “Dynamic Governance Interactions: Evolutionary Effects of State Responses to Non-State Certification Programs” (2012) Regulation & Governance doi:10.1111/rego.12005, online: <http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/rego.12005/full> (last accessed 25 November 2013).

⁹⁹ Interviews Pham Minh Thang, Director P & Q Solutions, Hanoi, April 2013.

¹⁰⁰ See Long, Jerrold, “Private Lands, Conflict and Institutional Evolution in the Post-Public Lands” (2011) 28:3 Pace West Environmental Law Review 670.Google Scholar

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