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Women with AIDS: Lessons from Indonesia and Singapore

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  07 May 2025

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The AIDS situation amongst women in two neighbouring nations of Southeast Asia - Indonesia and Singapore - could not be more different. Indonesia is the biggest country in Southeast Asia, both in terms of size and population, and it is experiencing poverty, painful transition and change. Singapore, on the other hand, is the smallest state in Southeast Asia with one of the world's highest GDP per capita income and a stable democratic regime. According to the CIA Factbook, the 2005 estimated GDP per capita (Purchasing Power Parity) of Singapore stands at US$29,700 (2005 est.) while that of Indonesia stands at US$3,700.

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Research Article
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This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-No Derivatives licence (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is unaltered and is properly cited. The written permission of Cambridge University Press must be obtained for commercial re-use or in order to create a derivative work.
Copyright
Copyright © The Authors 2006

References

Notes

[1] CIA,” Indonesia” in the CIA Factbook website [downloaded on 20 Feb 2006, available here]and CIA,” Singapore” in the CIA Factbook website [downloaded on 20 Feb 2006, available here].

[2] Galpin, Richard, “Indonesia's Aids alert - Poverty lies at the root of the problem” dated Tuesday, 2 July, 2002 [downloaded on 24 Jan 2006], available here.

[3] Galpin, Richard, “Indonesia's Aids alert - Poverty lies at the root of the problem” dated Tuesday, 2 July, 2002 [downloaded on 24 Jan 2006], available here.

[4] Galpin, Richard, “Indonesia's Aids alert - Poverty lies at the root of the problem” dated Tuesday, 2 July, 2002 [downloaded on 24 Jan 2006], available here.

[5] Timberlake, Ian, “Health-AIDS-Indonesia: Indonesia's HIV epidemic one of the fastest growing, expert says” published in Agence France-Presse dated November 30, 2003 in the Aegis website [downloaded on 24 Jan 2006], available at here.

[6] Galpin, Richard, “Indonesia's Aids alert - Poverty lies at the root of the problem” dated Tuesday, 2 July, 2002 [downloaded on 24 Jan 2006], available here.

[7] Galpin, Richard, “Indonesia's Aids alert - Poverty lies at the root of the problem” dated Tuesday, 2 July, 2002 [downloaded on 24 Jan 2006], available here.

[8] Timberlake, Ian, “Health-AIDS-Indonesia: Indonesia's HIV epidemic one of the fastest growing, expert says” published in Agence France-Presse dated November 30, 2003 in the Aegis website [downloaded on 24 Jan 2006], available here.

[9] Galpin, Richard, “Indonesia's Aids alert - Poverty lies at the root of the problem” dated Tuesday, 2 July, 2002 [downloaded on 24 Jan 2006], available here.

[10] Galpin, Richard, “Indonesia's Aids alert - Poverty lies at the root of the problem” dated Tuesday, 2 July, 2002 [downloaded on 24 Jan 2006], available here.

[11] Galpin, Richard, “Indonesia's Aids alert - Poverty lies at the root of the problem” dated Tuesday, 2 July, 2002 [downloaded on 24 Jan 2006], available here.

[12] Timberlake, Ian, “Health-AIDS-Indonesia: Indonesia's HIV epidemic one of the fastest growing, expert says” published in Agence France-Presse dated November 30, 2003 in the Aegis website [downloaded on 24 Jan 2006], available here.

[13] Timberlake, Ian, “Health-AIDS-Indonesia: Indonesia's HIV epidemic one of the fastest growing, expert says” published in Agence France-Presse dated November 30, 2003 in the Aegis website [downloaded on 24 Jan 2006], available here.

[14] Timberlake, Ian, “Health-AIDS-Indonesia: Indonesia's HIV epidemic one of the fastest growing, expert says” published in Agence France-Presse dated November 30, 2003 in the Aegis website [downloaded on 24 Jan 2006], available here.

[15] Timberlake, Ian, “Health-AIDS-Indonesia: Indonesia's HIV epidemic one of the fastest growing, expert says” published in Agence France-Presse dated November 30, 2003 in the Aegis website [downloaded on 24 Jan 2006], available here.

[16] US Embassy in Jakarta, “U.S. EMBASSY - PRESS RELEASE - PUBLIC AFFAIRS SECTION The U.S. Commemorates World AIDS Day with Indonesia” dated December 1, 2004 [downloaded on 24 Jan 2006], available here.

[17] US Embassy in Jakarta, “U.S. EMBASSY - PRESS RELEASE - PUBLIC AFFAIRS SECTION The U.S. Commemorates World AIDS Day with Indonesia” dated December 1, 2004 [downloaded on 24 Jan 2006], available here.

[18] US Embassy in Jakarta, “U.S. EMBASSY - PRESS RELEASE - PUBLIC AFFAIRS SECTION The U.S. Commemorates World AIDS Day with Indonesia” dated December 1, 2004 [downloaded on 24 Jan 2006], available here.

[19] US Embassy in Jakarta, “U.S. EMBASSY - PRESS RELEASE - PUBLIC AFFAIRS SECTION The U.S. Commemorates World AIDS Day with Indonesia” dated December 1, 2004 [downloaded on 24 Jan 2006], available here.

[20] China Daily, “AIDS nightmare looms in Indonesia's Papua” in the China Daily website [downloaded on 20 Feb 2006], available at here.

[21] Sadasivan, Balaji (Senior Minister of State for Information, Communications and the Arts and Health), “2005 Speeches - The Launch of HIV Women and Children's Fund” dated 16 Dec 2005 [downloaded on 24 Jan 2006], available here.

[22] Sadasivan, Balaji (Senior Minister of State for Information, Communications and the Arts and Health), “2005 Speeches - The Launch of HIV Women and Children's Fund” dated 16 Dec 2005 [downloaded on 24 Jan 2006], available here.

[23] Sadasivan, Balaji (Senior Minister of State for Information, Communications and the Arts and Health), “2005 Speeches - The Launch of HIV Women and Children's Fund” dated 16 Dec 2005 [downloaded on 24 Jan 2006], available here.

[24] Sadasivan, Balaji (Senior Minister of State for Information, Communications and the Arts and Health), “2005 Speeches - The Launch of HIV Women and Children's Fund” dated 16 Dec 2005 [downloaded on 24 Jan 2006], available here.

[25] AWARE, “Facts About HIV/AIDS in Singapore- About Women” in the AWARE website [downloaded on 24 Jan 2006], available here.

[26] UNIFEM, “Violence against Women - Not A Minute More - UNIFEM Singapore and Action for AIDS join forces to commemorate - International Day to Eliminate Violence Against Women, 25 Nov 2004” in the UNIFEM website [downloaded on 24 Jan 2006], available here.

[27] UNIFEM, “Violence against Women - Not A Minute More - UNIFEM Singapore and Action for AIDS join forces to commemorate - International Day to Eliminate Violence Against Women, 25 Nov 2004” in the UNIFEM website [downloaded on 24 Jan 2006], available here.

[28] UNIFEM, “Violence against Women - Not A Minute More - UNIFEM Singapore and Action for AIDS join forces to commemorate - International Day to Eliminate Violence Against Women, 25 Nov 2004” in the UNIFEM website [downloaded on 24 Jan 2006], available here.

[29] Sadasivan, Balaji, “Forum on Gender Issues and HIV/AIDS in Southeast Asia: “Trends and Challenges for the 21st Century” “dated 5 Dev 2005 in the Ministry of Health Singapore website [downloaded on 20 Feb 2006], available here.

[30] UNIFEM, “Violence against Women - Not A Minute More - UNIFEM Singapore and Action for AIDS join forces to commemorate - International Day to Eliminate Violence Against Women, 25 Nov 2004” in the UNIFEM website [downloaded on 24 Jan 2006], available here.

[31] UNIFEM, “Violence against Women - Not A Minute More - UNIFEM Singapore and Action for AIDS join forces to commemorate - International Day to Eliminate Violence Against Women, 25 Nov 2004” in the UNIFEM website [downloaded on 24 Jan 2006], available here.

[32] Ismael, Saleemah, “Empowering Migrant, Sex and Industrial Workers in Batam” in the UNIFEM Singapore website [downloaded on 20 Feb 2006], available here.