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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 07 May 2025
The International Military Tribunal for the Far East was the Pacific counterpart of the first Nuremberg trial. A panel of eleven judges, one each from the victor nations and from the Philippines and India (neither gained independence until after the war), heard evidence against twenty-eight Japanese prominent during the period 1928-1945, sixteen of them generals and admirals. The trial lasted two and a half years. The verdicts: seven death sentences, sixteen life sentences, and two shorter sentences. Unlike Nuremberg, the Tokyo tribunal found no defendants innocent (two defendants had died, and one—the ideologue Dr. Okawa Shumei, whom Takeyama mentions in passing—had been declared insane.)
[1] Minear, Victors’ Justice: The Tokyo War Crimes Trial (Princeton University Press, 1971; reissue, Center for Japanese Studies [Michigan], 2001).
[2] For the letters, see Bradford A. Booth and Ernest Mehew, eds., The Letters of Robert Louis Stevenson, (8 vols., Yale University Press, 1994-95), 5:220-221. At the start of “Henry Jekyll's Full Statement of the Case,” the final chapter of The Strange Case, Stevenson writes: “It was thus rather the exacting nature of my aspirations than any particular degradation in my faults, that made me what I was and, with even a deeper trench than in the majority of men, severed in me those provinces of good and ill which divide and compound man's dual nature. … And it chanced that the direction of my scientific studies, which led wholly towards the mystic and the transcendental, reacted and shed a strong light on this consciousness of the perennial war among my members.”
[3] Eto Jun, “‘Haido-shi no sabaki’ ni tsuite,” Bungakkai, June 1981, p. 181.