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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 07 May 2025
Everything was a strange contrast from what we had left; the cold colouring of Manchuria was replaced by a warm red soil, through which the first tokens of spring were beginning to appear. Instead of the blue clothing to which we had been accustomed, every one here was clad in white, both in town and country. Rice fields greet the eye at every turn, for this is the main cereal grown. The only things that were the same were the Japanese line and the Japanese official, no more conspicuous here than in Manchuria, and apparently firmly rooted in both.
1 Kemp, Face of Manchuria, Korea and Russian Turkestan (New York: Duffield and Co., 1911), 62.
2 Kemp, Face of Manchuria, Korea and Russian Turkestan, 63.
3 Kemp, Face of Manchuria, Korea and Russian Turkestan, 63.
4 E. G. Kemp, The Face of Korea, Manchuria and Russian Turkestan (New York: Duffield and Co., 1911) vii.
5 Kemp, Face of Korea, Manchuria and Russian Turkestan, p. xii.
6 Kemp, Face of Manchuria, Korea and Russian Turkestan (New York: Duffield and Co., 1911), 68-69.
7 Kemp, Face of Manchuria, Korea and Russian Turkestan, 68.
8 Kemp, Face of Manchuria, Korea and Russian Turkestan, 71.
9 On the Kija myth, see Hyung il Pai, Constructing “Korean” Origins: A Critical Review of Archaeology (Cambridge Mass.: Harvard University Asia Center, 2000).
10 James S. Gale, Korean Sketches (Chicago and New York: Fleming H. Revell Co., 1898), 82.
11 Gale, Korean Sketches, 84.
12 See Heijô Jitsugyô Shinpôsha ed., Heijô Yôran (Heijô [Pyongyang]: Heijô Jitsugyô Shinpôsha, 1909), 17; Kosaku Hirooka, The Latest Guidebook for Travellers in Japan including Formosa, Chosen (Korea) and Manchuria (Tokyo: Seikyo Sha, 1914), 219.
13 Kemp, Face of Manchuria, Korea and Russian Turkestan, 71-72.
14 Kemp, Face of Manchuria, Korea and Russian Turkestan, 95.
15 See Steven Hugh Lee, The Korean War (Harlow: Pearson Education Ltd., 2001), 88; Chris Springer, Pyongyang: The Hidden History of the North Korean Capital (Budapest: Entente, 2003), 20.
16 Lee, The Korean War, 88.
17 On street names, see Springer, Pyongyang, 61-62.
18 Kemp, Face of Manchuria, Korea and Russian Turkestan, 80.
19 Springer, Pyongyang, 39.
20 George T. B. Davis, Korea for Christ (New York: Fleming H. Revell Co., 1910), 20.
21 Kemp, Face of Manchuria, Korea and Russian Turkestan, 75.
22 On Kang Pan-Seok, see Yeong-Ho Choe, “Christian Background in the Early Life of Kim Il-Song”, Asian Survey, 26, no. 10, (Octoner 1986): 1082-1091.
23 Springer, Pyongyang, 105.