Hostname: page-component-5cf477f64f-xc2pj Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-03-31T04:43:39.818Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Misplaced Priorities, Unnecessary Effects: Collective Suffering and Survival in Pandemic Philippines

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  14 March 2025

Abstract

Despite one of the world's strictest and longest lockdown policies, the Philippines' securitized approach to containing the COVID-19 pandemic has led to unnecessary suffering, especially in poor communities. This article explores how the Philippine government's prioritizing of punitive policies such as detaining quarantine violators or attempting to decongest Manila by sending poor families to neighbouring provinces, magnifies existing socio-spatial inequalities and further spreads disease. In many of these communities, poverty is a co-morbidity. As local governments struggle to provide frontline health and social welfare services, high-profile arrests, media shutdowns, and the proposed Anti-Terrorism Bill spark concerns about restrictions on free speech while movement is curtailed. Nevertheless, community and private sector efforts around localized healthcare, food security, and inclusive mobility indicate potential paths towards a ‘better normal’ that goes beyond just survival.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © The Authors 2020

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Abad, M. 2019. FAST FACTS: State Of Metro Manila'S Public Transport System, Rappler, 10 October. Accessed 3 July 2020.Google Scholar
ABS-CBN News. 2020. Steam Inhalation May Trigger COVID-19 Spread: DOH Exec, 26 June. Accessed 3 July 2020.Google Scholar
Post, ASEAN. 2020. Confirmed COVID-19 Cases and Deaths in ASEAN. 6 July. Accessed 6 July 2020.Google Scholar
Bajo, A. 2020. PNP Says Number Of Violators Of ECQ Now Over 70K, GMA News Online, 31 March. Accessed 29 June 2020.Google Scholar
Biong, I. 2020. DLSU Offers Free Mental Health Counseling Amid COVID-19 Pandemic. INQUIRER.net, 4 April. Accessed 3 July 2020.Google Scholar
Bündnis Entwicklung Hilft. 2019. World Risk Report. Berlin: Bündnis Entwicklung Hilft. Accessed 3 July 2020.Google Scholar
Capatides, C. 2020. “Shoot Them Dead”: Philippine President Rodrigo Duterte Orders Police And Military To Kill Citizens Who Defy Coronavirus Lockdown, CBS News, 2 April. Accessed 28 June 2020.Google Scholar
Castro, H. 2020. SAGIP KAPAMILYA - LINGKOD KAPAMILYA 2020, ABS-CBN News, 2 June. Accessed 3 July 2020.Google Scholar
Center for Strategic and International Studies. 2020. Southeast Asia Covid-19 Tracker, 25 June. Accessed 28 June 2020.Google Scholar
Citizen Budget Tracker. 2020. #COVID19PH Citizens' Budget Tracker, 29 June. Accessed 29 June 2020.Google Scholar
Chapman, M. 2020. Online Sexual Exploitation Of Children Up 264% In Philippines During COVID-19 Lockdown, CNS News, 29 May. Accessed 3 July 2020.Google Scholar
CNN Philippines. 2020a. 2 Of 6 Arrested Piston Jeepney Drivers Test Positive For COVID-19, 18 June. Accessed 27 June 2020.Google Scholar
CNN Philippines. 2020b. 32 Arrested Over ‘Fake’ COVID-19 News, 6 April. Accessed 30 June 2020.Google Scholar
CNN Philippines. 2020c. Carpio: Anti-Terrorism Bill May Immediately Be Challenged On Constitutionality In SC, 4 June. Accessed 3 July 2020.Google Scholar
CNN Philippines. 2020d. UN Sounds Alarm On PH's ‘Highly Militarized’ Lockdown Response, 29 April. Accessed 29 June 2020.Google Scholar
CNN Philippines. 2020e. WHO Works With PH On ‘Worrisome’ COVID-19 Infection Rate Of Frontliners, 22 April. Accessed 28 June 2020.Google Scholar
Dayrit, M., Lagrada, L., Picazo, O., Pons, M., and Villaverde, M. 2018. The Philippines Health System Review, Vol. 8 No. 2, New Delhi: World Health Organization, Regional Office for SouthEast Asia. Accessed 28 June 2020.Google Scholar
Department of Health. 2020a. DOH CONFIRMS LOCAL TRANSMISSION OF COVID-19 IN PH; REPORTS 6TH CASE, 7 March. Accessed 28 June 2020.Google Scholar
Department of Health. 2020b. ‘COVID-19 Tracker“, 3 July. Accessed 6 July 2020.Google Scholar
Department of Health. 2020c. ‘Beat COVID-19 Today: A COVID-19 Philippine Situationer’. 6. Accessed 6 July 2020.Google Scholar
Department of Social Welfare and Development. 2017. National Household Targeting System - Poor Households in the National Capital Region.Google Scholar
de Vera, B. 2020. P2.2 Trillion In Losses: Cost Of COVID-19 Impact On PH Economy, INQUIRER.net, 28 May. Accessed 29 June 2020.Google Scholar
Diwakar, V. and Sheperd, A. 2018. Sustaining Escapes From Poverty, Working Paper, London: Overseas Development Institute, pp. 2225. Accessed 3 July 2020.Google Scholar
Esguerra, D. 2020. READ: Duterte's 12Th Report To Congress On Use Of His Special Powers, INQUIRER.net. Accessed 1 July 2020.Google Scholar
Fernandez, I., Pangilinan, A., Quijano, N., Dorotan, M., Abraham, Z., Mariano, P., Buenconsejo, C., Nisperos, B., Paala, M. and Garcia, D. 2020. In Metro Manila, Fighting COVID-19 Requires Helping The Poor—Now, 25 March. Accessed 29 June 2020.Google Scholar
Ferreras, V. and Cahiles, G. 2020. Retired Soldier Shot Dead By Police At Checkpoint In Quezon City, CNN Philippines, 22 April. Accessed 29 June 2020.Google Scholar
GMA News Online. 2020b. Philippines, Japan Sign ¥50-B Loan For COVID-19 Response Support, 29 June. Accessed 1 July 2020.Google Scholar
Guido, D., Rye, R., and Agbulos, M. 2020. COVID-19 FORECASTS IN THE PHILIPPINES: NCR and CEBU As Of June 8, 2020, Forecast Report No. 10, Quezon City: University of the Philippines, pp. 68, 12 June. Accessed 1 July 2020.Google Scholar
Guido, D., Rye, R., Agbulos, M. and Austriaco, N. 2020. COVID-19 FORECASTS IN THE PHILIPPINES: NCR, CEBU And COVID-19 HOTSPOTS As Of June 25, 2020. Forecast Report No. 11, Quezon City: University of the Philippines, pp. 68, 29 June. Accessed 1 July 2020.Google Scholar
Hallare, K. 2020. Manila Passes ‘Anti COVID-19 Discrimination’ Ordinance, INQUIRER.net, 2 April. Accessed 30 June 2020.Google Scholar
Human Rights Watch. 2020a. Human Rights Dimensions Of COVID-19 Response, 19 March. Accessed 30 June 2020.Google Scholar
Human Rights Watch. 2020b. Philippines: Curfew Violators Abused, 26 March. Accessed 29 June 2020.Google Scholar
INQUIRER.net. 2020a. Davao City Mayor Stands By Order Allowing Trikes, Taxis On Road. 8 April. Accessed 1 July 2020.Google Scholar
INQUIRER.net. 2020b. Virus Sidelines Iconic Philippine Jeepneys, Drivers, 24 June. Accessed 1 July 2020.Google Scholar
Kabagani, L. 2020. Pasig Adopts Manila's Anti-Discrimination Ordinance, Republic of the Philippines Philippine News Agency (PNA), 19 April. Accessed 30 June 2020.Google Scholar
Karaos, A. 2020. Urban Poor Vulnerabilities, Solidarity Networks, And Pathways To Resilience, National Resilience Center, 6 April.Google Scholar
Laforga, B. 2020. Remittance Decline Due To COVID-19 Seen Much Worse Than In 2007-09 Financial Crisis, Business World, 4 June. Accessed 3 July 2020.Google Scholar
Larson, H., Hartigan-Go, K. and de Figueiredo, A. 2018. Vaccine confidence plummets in the Philippines following dengue vaccine scare: why it matters to pandemic preparedness. Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics, 15 (3), pp. 625627. Accessed 2 July 2020.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Layno, K. 2020. ‘Puso Kitchen’ Initiative Helps Remote Communities In Antipolo Amid COVID-19 Crisis, ABS-CBN News, 23 April. Accessed 3 July 2020.Google Scholar
Lozada, B. 2020. UST Offers Free Mental Health Care For COVID-19 Frontliners, INQUIRER.net, 8 April. Accessed 3 July 2020.Google Scholar
Standard, Manila. 2020. Muntinlupa Passes COVID-19 Anti-Discrimination Ordinance, 7 April. Accessed 30 June 2020.Google Scholar
Magsambol, B. 2020. PH Needs 94,000 Contact Tracers – DOH, Rappler, 26 May. Accessed 2 July 2020.Google Scholar
Marquez, C. 2020a. Banac Says Sinas' Mañanita Affects Public View Of PNP, Police Performance, INQUIRER.net, 12 June. Accessed 30 June 2020.Google Scholar
Marquez, C. 2020b. Ormoc Mayor Gomez Urges IATF To Fix Guidelines After Balik Probinsya Mix-Up, INQUIRER.net, 26 May. Accessed 30 June 2020.Google Scholar
Morallo, A. 2020. Duterte Signs Resolution Hiking Military, Police Pay, Philstar Global, 9 January. Accessed 3 July 2020.Google Scholar
Mateo, J. 2020. Quezon City Approves P2.8 Billion Budget Vs COVID, MSN News, 18 April. Accessed 30 June 2020.Google Scholar
Mendez, C. 2020. After Bleach Incident, Cops Tasked To Secure Health Workers, Philstar Global, 3 April. Accessed 30 June 2020.Google Scholar
Office of the High Commissioner on Human Rights. 2020. Report Of The United Nations High Commissioner For Human Rights On The Situation Of Human Rights In The Philippines, Annual report of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights and reports of the Office of the High Commissioner and the Secretary-General, Geneva: Office of the High Commissioner of Human Rights, 4 June: Office of the High Commissioner of Human Rights, 4 June. Accessed 1 July 2020.Google Scholar
Palma, C. 2020. Volunteer Barrio Doctors Oppose Transfer Order To Private Hospitals In Cebu City, ABS-CBN News, 28 June. Accessed 2 July 2020.Google Scholar
Pedrajas, J. 2020. Aid Pours In For Arrested ‘PISTON 6‘, Manila Bulletin News, 5 June. Accessed 1 July 2020.Google Scholar
Punay, E. 2018. PAO Chief Persida Acosta On Vaccine Scare: ‘Don't Look At Me‘, Philstar Global, 8 February. Accessed 3 July 2020.Google Scholar
Quezon City Local Government. 2020. Analysis Of COVID-19 Cases In Quezon City, 26 June. Accessed 29 June 2020.Google Scholar
Ranada, P., Talabong, R. and Gotinga, J. 2020. ‘Mayor Of The Philippines’ Leaves Lgus Blind Amid COVID-19, Rappler, 29 June. Accessed 29 June 2020.Google Scholar
Rappler, . 2020a. FALSE: Philippines Among The ‘Lowest In COVID-19 Cases, Deaths In Asia‘, 25 June. Accessed 3 July 2020.Google Scholar
Rappler, . 2020b. PH Among Riskiest Countries To Be In During Coronavirus Pandemic, 16 April. Accessed 30 June 2020.Google Scholar
Ratcliffe, R. 2020. Journalist Maria Ressa Found Guilty Of ‘Cyberlibel’ In Philippines, The Guardian, 15 June. Accessed 3 July 2020.Google Scholar
Robles, A. 2020. Fears Grow Of ‘Martial-Law Like’ Virus Lockdown In The Philippines, South China Morning Post, 20 April. Accessed 30 June 2020.Google Scholar
Rola, A. 2019. Polio Outbreak Declared In PH, CNN Philippines, 19 September. Accessed 3 July 2020.Google Scholar
Social Weather Station. 2020. SWS May 4-10, 2020 Covid-19 Mobile Phone Survey – Report No. 2: Hunger Among Families Doubles To 16.7%, 21 May. Accessed 29 June 2020.Google Scholar
The Straits Times. 2020. Underground Clinics Treating Chinese Patients: Inquirer, 29 May. Accessed 1 July 2020.Google Scholar
Tan, L. 2020. DILG Warns Of Charges Vs. Mayors Who Defy Community Quarantine Rules, CNN Philippines, 19 March. Accessed 29 June 2020.Google Scholar
Yee, J. 2020. WHO: PH Has Fastest Rise In Virus Cases In Western Pacific, INQUIRER.net, 28 June. Accessed 28 June 2020.Google Scholar
UN Women. 2020. COVID-19 And Ending Violence Against Women And Girls, New York: UN Women, pp. 26. Accessed 30 June 2020.Google Scholar