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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 07 May 2025
The Lower Mekong Basin (LMB) denotes the geographical area that drains into the Mekong River and its tributaries within the Lao PDR, Thailand, Cambodia and Viet Nam. Hydropower development of the LMB’s water resources is proceeding at a rapid pace (Friend, Arthur, & Keskinen, 2009). In addition to 124 hydropower projects at various stages of development, up to twelve mainstream dams are planned for the LMB (ICEM, 2010; MRC, 2010). This large- scale hydro-development involves countless trade-offs of interests, creating clear winners and losers. One of the most significant tradeoffs is that between the ‘traditional’ and ‘modern’ sectors.