Despite a general state of ignorance and neglect on the part of the Japanese toward the Ainu people and their cultures, Ainu political and cultural activism developed apace in post-WWII Japan. Eleven years after passing the Ainu Cultural Promotion Law, which aimed to make Japan a “society in which the ethnic pride of the Ainu people is respected and to contribute to the development of diverse cultures,” what still needed to be done? This article discusses what Ainu people themselves saw as remaining tasks in 2008, at the Indigenous Peoples Summit (IPS) held in Hokkaido.