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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 07 May 2025
Dominion From Sea to Sea differs from my other books in that it does not have so much to say about Korea or East Asia. Obviously my books on the Korean War have Korean history as the centerpiece, and even my book of essays, Parallax Visions: Making Sense of American-East Asian Relation, is a Korea-centric examination of U.S. relations with China, Japan and Korea. Nevertheless, this new book could not have been written without the years of experience since I first landed in Seoul in 1967. East Asia's history in the modern period, and its relationship with the United States, gave me an optic that was indispensable for examining America's relationship not just toward East Asia, but to the world. It is an optic that differs radically from most American orientations toward the foreign.
1 In May 1966 de Gaulle said he wanted “full sovereignty [over] French territory” and so asked Washington to take American forces and bases home. See Johnson (2004), 194.
2 I am indebted to Patrick Karl O’Brien for discussion on these points, and for his paper, “The Pax Brittannica and the International Order, 1688-1914,” presented at the Osaka University of Foreign Studies Workshop on Global History, November 22-23, 1999.
3 Peter J. Katzenstein, A World of Regions: Asia and Europe in the American Imperium. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2005. 2.
4 The number changes frequently; these are Defense Department figures in Chalmers Johnson, The Sorrows of Empire: Militarism, Secrecy and the End of the Republic. New York: Henry Holt, 2004, 4-5, and Johnson, Nemesis: The Last Days of the American Republic. New York: Henry Holt, 2006, 5-6. See also Kathy E. Ferguson and Phyllis Turnbull, Oh, Say, Can You See? The Semiotics of the Military in Hawai'i. Minneapolis, University of Minnesota Press, 1999, xiii.
5 McMurtry quoted in Daniel Little, The Scientific Marx. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1986, 53-54; see also p. 58.
6 Robert Latham, The Liberal Moment: Modernity, Security, and the Making of the Postwar International Order. New York: Columbia University Press, 1997. Marx referred to nineteenth-century colonies as “the state externally.” See Karl Marx, Grundrisse: Foundation of the Critique of Political Economy. New York: Vintage Books, 1973, 264.
7 Eisenhower quoted in Michael S. Sherry, In the Shadow of War: The United States since the 1930s. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1995, 233-35.
8 Johnson (2004), 79-80.
9 Laton McCartney, Friends in High Places: The Bechtel Story: The Most Secret Corporation and How It Engineered the World. New York: Ballantine Books, 1988, 167-68, 170, 177, 178-79, 213-14.
10 U.S. Senate, Committee on Armed Services, 87th Congress, January 18, 1962, “Nominations of McCone, Korth, and Harlan” (Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1962), 35; Joint Committee on Atomic Energy, U.S. Senate, 85th Congress, July 2, 1958, “Nomination of John A. McCone to be a Member of the Atomic Energy Commission” (Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1958), 2-18, 56. I am indebted to Meredith Jung-en Woo for these sources.
11 C. Wright Mills, The Power Elite. New York: Oxford University Press, 1956, 175-76; John D. Unruh, The Plains Across: The Overland Emigrants and the Trans-Mississippi West, 1840-60. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1979, 201, 210; Marcus Cunliffe, Soldiers and Civilians: The Martial Spirit in America, 1775-1865. Boston: Little Brown, 1968, ch.1; David M. Pletcher, The Diplomacy of Involvement: American Economic Expansion Across the Pacific, 1784-1900. New York: Columbia University Press, 2001, 119; E. J. Hobsbawm, The Age of Empire, 1875-1914. New York: Pantheon Books, 1987, 351; Sherry (1995), 5.
12 Walter LaFeber, The American Age: United States Foreign Policy at Home and Abroad Since 1750. New York: W.W. Norton, 1989, 11; Ira Katznelson in Katznelson and Martin Shefter, Shaped by War and Trade: International Influences on American Political Development. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2002, 90-92, 98-99.
13 Mills (1956), 179; Brian McAlister Linn, Guardians of Empire: The U.S. Army and the Pacific, 1902-1940. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1997, 6, 52.
14 Linn (1997), 53, 62-65; Fred Anderson and Andrew Cayton, The Dominion of War: Empire and Liberty in North America, 1500-2000. New York: Viking, 2005, 342-43.
15 Russell F. Weigley, History of the United States Army. New York: Macmillan, 1967, 475, 486, 568; Gerald T. White, Billions for Defense: Government Financing by the Defense Plant Corporation During World War II. University: University of Alabama Press, 1980, 1-2.
16 Howard B. Schonberger, Aftermath of War: Americans and the Remaking of Japan, 1945-1952. Kent Ohio: Kent State University Press, 1989, 259, 269; Bruce Cumings, The Origins of the Korean War, II: The Roaring of the Cataract, 1947-1950. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1990, 45-58.
17 Katzenstein (2005), 35, 136-37, 219-20.
18 Greg Grandin is right to locate some of the roots of George W. Bush's unilateralism in Reagan administration interventions in Nicaragua and Guatemala, with John Negroponte, John Bolton, Elliott Abrams, and other neoconservatives playing important roles. See Grandin, Empire's Workshop: Latin America, the United States, and the Rise of the New Imperialism. New York: Metropolitan Books, 2006, 5-6. But these interventions were little different from the multitude of similar episodes going back to the war with Spain, and all of them were subordinate to the more important Pacific and East Asian involvements.
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