Hostname: page-component-7b9c58cd5d-7g5wt Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-03-24T02:10:05.868Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Contested Pilgrimage: Shikoku Henro and Dark Tourism

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  14 March 2025

Extract

The origins of Japanese Buddhism can be traced back to the early sixth century, when the king of Paekche, occupying the southwestern tip of the Korean peninsula, sent a small bronze statue and Buddhist texts as part of a diplomatic mission to the Japanese court. This cultural exchange marked the beginning of a leading religion that would continue to develop over the following centuries in Japan. Approximately fourteen centuries later in 2013, Shikoku Henro, a famous pilgrimage circuit that visits eighty-eight Buddhist temples around the fourth largest island of Japan, became a site of national controversy when a racist organization posted signs along the route that read, “Let us protect our precious pilgrimage route from the hands of chōsenjin (Koreans).” A site with cultural and religious bonds, forged in a historic diplomatic exchange between the two countries, has instead become celebrated as a “traditional” heritage site—one structured around notions of chauvinism and cultural exclusion. Using the controversy at this location in 2013 as the starting point, my paper examines the ways in which the Shikoku pilgrimage route was presented to the public, and the ensuing claims on the emotional landscape of this site by local, national and international bodies. More than a simple story of Japanese national pride, the dark history of Shikoku Henro reveals complicated circumstances that culminated in the 2013 controversy involving a Korean pilgrim and her journey.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © The Authors 2019

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Bestor, Theodore. Neighborhood Tokyo. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1989.Google Scholar
Buckley, Sandra. The Encyclopedia of Contemporary Japanese Culture. Routledge, 2006.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Byrne, Denis. “Archaeological heritage and cultural intimacy: An interview with Michael Herzfeld.” Journal of Social Archaeology 11, no. 2 (2011): 144157.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Collins-Kreiner, Noga. “Dark tourism as/is pilgrimage.” Current Issues in Tourism 19, no. 12 (2016): 11851189.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Collins-Kreiner, Noga. “The lifecycle of concepts: the case of ‘Pilgrimage Tourism’.” Tourism Geographies 18, no. 3 (2016): 322334.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Creighton, Millie. “Consuming rural Japan: The marketing of tradition and nostalgia in the Japanese travel industry,” Ethnology (1997): 239254.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gardner, James B. and Hamilton, Paula. “Introduction” in The Oxford Handbook of Public History, ed. Gardner and Hamilton. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2017.Google Scholar
Gordon, Andrew. A Modern History of Japan: from Tokugawa Times to the Present. New York: Oxford University Press, 2003.Google Scholar
Harrison, Rodney. “Forgetting to remember, remembering to forget: late modern heritage practices, sustainability and the ‘crisis’ of accumulation of the past,” International Journal of Heritage Studies 19, no. 6 (2013): 579595.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hoshino, E., & Asakawa, Yasuhiro, Shikoku henro: Samazama na inori no sekai (Rekishi bunka raiburarī). Tōkyō: Yoshikawa Kōbunkan, 2011.Google Scholar
Igarashi, Takayoshi, & Satō, Hiroya, Sekai isan Yunesuko seishin: Hiraizumi, Kamakura, Shikoku henro. Tōkyō: Kōjin no Tomosha 2017.Google Scholar
Mori, Masato. “Modernity and Materiality of the Henro pilgrimage in Japan” (「巡礼の近代性 と物質性:四国遍路を事例に」).Google Scholar
Mori, Masato. Shikoku Henro: hachijūhakkasho junrei no rekishi to bunka. Tōkyō: Chūō Kōron Shinsha, 2014.Google Scholar
Mostow, Joshua S.Museum as Hometown: What is ‘Japanese Beauty‘?” in Japan at the Millennium: Joining Past and Future, ed David W. Edgington, (Vancouver: UBC Press, 2003), 222.Google Scholar
Reader, Ian. Making pilgrimages: Meaning and practice in Shikoku. University of Hawaii Press, 2005.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Reader, Ian. Pilgrimage in the Marketplace. New York: Routledge, 2014.Google Scholar
Reader, Ian. Pilgrimage in Popular Culture. London: Palgrave Macmillan, 1993.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ruoff, Kenneth. “Japanese Tourism to Mukden, Nanjing, and Qufu, 1938—1943.” Japan Review (2014): 171200.Google Scholar
Seaton, Anthony V.Guided by the dark: From thanatopsis to thanatourism.” International Journal of Heritage Studies 2, no. 4 (1996): 234244.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Takagi, Chiaki. “From Postmodern to Post Bildungsroman from the Ashes: An Alternative Reading of Murakami Haruki and Postwar Japanese Culture,” PhD diss. University of North Carolina at Greensboro, 2009.Google Scholar
Takekawa, Ikuo. “What Sorts of People Make the Shikoku Pilgrimage? From Interviews Conducted in 2011” (「お遍路さんはどのような 人たちか:2011年聞き取り調査 」).Google Scholar