Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-rdxmf Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-22T08:22:01.388Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Architectural Competitions and Bureaucracy, 1934–1945

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 August 2008

Andrew Shanken
Affiliation:
Department of Art and Archaeology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA

Abstract

The 1930s in the United States marked a turning point in the relationship of the architectural profession to both the government and corporations. The federal government and large corporations, began to hold design competitions to stimulate the building industry during the Depression. This caught the American Institute of Architects unprepared and led to the transformation of the profession from one grounded in the ideal of the architect-artist to one whose survival depends, in part, upon business acumen, technical competence, and public relations skill.

Type
History
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1999

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

AIA Archives (a). I.S. Porter to E.C. Kemper, 29 04 1935. RG 802, Series 2, Box 17, Folder 25.Google Scholar
AIA Archives (b). E.C. Kemper to I.S. Porter, 6 04 1935. RG 802, Series 2, Box 17, Folder 25.Google Scholar
AIA Archives (c). Statement issues by the AIA Committee on Competitions, 16 12 1938, P.1. RG 801, Series 2.1., Box 4, Folder 6.Google Scholar
AIA Archives (d). Letter E. Swartwout to E.C. Kemper, 2 04 1935. RG 801, Series 2.1, Box 4, Folder 2.Google Scholar
AIA Archives (e). P.A. Davis III to C.T. Ingham, 18 09 1935. RG 801, Series 2.1, Box 4, Folder 2.Google Scholar
AIA Archives (f). ‘Architectural Competitions for Public Buildings’ 1936. RG 801, Series 2.1, Box 4, Folder 3, p.5.Google Scholar
AIA Archives (g). E. Swartwout to C.T. Ingham, 3 03 1936. RG 801, Series 2.1., Box 4, Folder 3.Google Scholar
AIA Archives (h). E. Swartwout to C.T. Ingham, 27 03 1936. RG 801, Series 2.1, Box 4, Folder 3.Google Scholar
AIA Archives (i). E.C. Kemper to E. Gugler, 3 08 1936. RG 801, Series 2.1, Box 4, Folder 3.Google Scholar
AIA Archives (j). R. Goodhue to E.C. Kemper, 15 08 1936. RG 801, Series 2.1, Box 4, Folder 3.Google Scholar
AIA Archives (k). Executive Secretary (C.T.Ingham?) to F.P. Sullivan, 8 12 1936. RG 801, Series 2.1, Box 4, Folder 5, p.1.Google Scholar
AIA Archive (l). ‘Statement Issued by the Committee on Competitions’, 16 12 1938. RG 801, Series 2.1, Box 4, Folder 6.Google Scholar
AIA Archive (m). J.C. Thornton to the Board of Directors of the AIA, 11 10 1944. RG 802, Series 2, Folder 21.Google Scholar
AIA Archive (n) R.Ashton to J.Thornton, 24 10 1944. RG 8001, Box 20, Folder 21.Google Scholar
AIA Minute Book (19351943). Minutes of the Pennsylvania Chapter of the AIA (20 04 1936) at the Philadelphia Athenaeum.Google Scholar
Altheide, D.L. and Johnson, J.M. (1980). Bureaucratic Propaganda, Allyn and Bacon, Boston.Google Scholar
Boorstin, D. (1961). The Image: A Guide to Pseudo-Events in America, Harper and Row, New York.Google Scholar
Dusenberry, J.D. (1935). ‘The Architect and Housing – Today’ in The Octagon 7, 04 1935, pp.36.Google Scholar
Federal Housing Administration (1934). Selling Better Housing, Government Printing Office, Washington.Google Scholar
Federal Housing Administration (1935). Better Selling of Better Housing, Government Printing Office, Washington.Google Scholar
Libby-Owens-Ford Glass Company (1935). Fifty-two Designs to Modernize Main Street, The Company, Toledo, P.5.Google Scholar
New York Times (a). ‘Architects' Service Highly Honoured’, 16 12 1934, xii, xiii, p.2.Google Scholar
New York Times (b). ‘Plan Housing Schools’, 28 01 1935, pp.22.Google Scholar
New York Times (c). ‘Roosevelt Praises Housing Campaign’, 14 03 1935, p.40.Google Scholar
New York Times (d). ‘General Electric Opens Housing Drive’ 18 04 1935, p.23.Google Scholar
New York Times (e). ‘Housing Drive Speeded’ 10 06 1935, p.10.Google Scholar
New York Times (f). ‘Housing Unit Formed by General Electric’ 28 07 1935, xii, xiii, p.1.Google Scholar
New York Times (g). ‘Erect 21 Houses for Fall Exhibit’ 8 09 1935, XI, p.2.Google Scholar
Portland Cement Association (1936). Designed in Concrete, The Association, Chicago.Google Scholar
Ruskin, J. (1913). The Seven Lamps of Architecture, E.P. Dutton & Co, New York, p.8.Google Scholar
Ruskin, J. (1981). The Seven Lamps of Architecture, Farrar, Straus and Giroux, New York, p. ?? ANDREWGoogle Scholar
Sinchcombe, A.L. (19591960). ‘Bureaucratic and Craft Administration of Production: a Comparative Study’ in Administrative Science Quarterly 4, pp.168187.Google Scholar
The Washington Post (28 04 1935). ‘Firm Launches Housing Drive on Wide Scale’ Real Estate, p.9.Google Scholar
Zantzinger, C.C. (1940). ‘A Statement for the Chapter Committee (25 03 1940)’ p.3 in Records of the Pennsylvania Chapter of the American Institute of Architects, held at the Philadelphia Athaneum, Box 74 (‘Old Files’), File: ‘Committee on Public Information’.Google Scholar