1 Andrew Saint, ‘The Victorian Society Hampstead Walk’ (unpublished notes), 13 April 1980. This article arises from research for a broader project which intends to place Field in the context of other early twentieth-century architects who have been overlooked after their death. The current author has written a brief introduction to Field’s work: Timothy Brittain-Catlin, ‘The Garage, Hilden, Rye Hill: Twentieth-Century Society Building of the Month, September 2009’, <http://www.c20society.org.uk/botm/archive/2009/the-garage-hilden-rye-hill-a-rolls-royce-of-garages.html> [accessed 10 March 2010].

2 Field, Horace and Bunney, Michael, English Domestic Architecture of the XVII and XVIII Centuries. A Selection of Examples of Smaller Buildings Measured Drawn and Photographed With an Introduction and Notes (London, 1905; 2nd edn, London, 1928)Google Scholar.

3 Gray, A. Stuart, Edwardian Architecture (London, 1985), p. 178 Google Scholar; Dictionary of Scottish Architects 1840-1980, <http://www.scottisharchitects.org.uk/architect_full.php?id=201210> [accessed 30 April 2010].

4 Fawcett, Bill, The North Eastern Railway’s Two Palaces of Business (York, 2006)Google Scholar. Fellows, Richard, Edwardian Architecture, Style and Technology (London, 1995) also discusses the NER headquarters, pp. 101–05 Google Scholar; Fellows refers to Rankin, Stuart, A Huge Palace of Business (York, 1979 Google Scholar).

5 Service, Alastair, Victorian and Edwardian Hampstead (New Barnet, 1989), especially pp. 12 Google Scholar, 26-27 and 30-31.

6 The building receives five lines of architectural description in the town’s second ‘perambulation’, but its architect’s name is not mentioned: Nikolaus Pevsner and Elizabeth Williamson with Brandwood, Geoffrey K., Buckinghamshire (London, 1994), p. 164 Google Scholar.

7 Royal Academy Exhibitors 1905-1970 (Wakefield, 1973-82), p. 62, attributes the branches at Wealdstone and Okehampton to Field and Simmons, but the bank does not appear to have referred to the latter at all.

8 Lloyds Bank has no apostrophe. The definitive description of this period in the bank’s history is Sayers, R. S., Lloyds Bank in the History of English Banking (Oxford, 1957)Google Scholar.

9 Booker, John, Temples of Mammon (Edinburgh, 1990)Google Scholar is a survey of all British bank architecture that includes an overall description of the Lloyds premises committee in the context of the history of the architecture of British banks. Booker, formerly Lloyds Bank archivist, describes in detail the changes in branch architectural design from the mid-1920s onwards, mainly in the light of the contemporary debates initiated by C. H. Reilly. The work of Field is, as is so often the case, admiringly referred to — but not discussed. For reference to the establishment of the premises committee, see p. 209.

10 For example, R. V. Vassar Smith (1843-1922), Sir Richard from 1917, had been a director of the Worcester Bank which was absorbed by Lloyds in 1889. He seems to have been an active member of the committee, personally visiting sites and local managers. He was chairman of Lloyds Bank from 1909 until his death.

11 The premises committee minute books run in sequence from HO/D/Pre/1; the London committee minutes run from 1884 to 1901 in the sequence HO/D/Wee/1-6. A further committee, called the special committee, for the building of the bank’s new City of London headquarters, was established in 1921 and ran up to the closure of the final accounts of the building in May 1932: HO/D/Pre/43-44.

12 London, Lloyds Banking Group Archive (hereafter ‘LGBA’) HO/D/Pre/17, item 2170 (22 August 1924). The ‘report [&] with reference to the outside appearance of branches’ was read, without further record, in August 1924.

13 Hampstead: LGBA, HO/D/Pre/8, item 7083 (1 August 1913); Ashford: LBGA, HO/D/Pre/22, item 7813 (24 February 1928). The dressmaker’s request the following week for better rooms was ‘not entertained’ (LBGA, item 7855 (2 March 1928)). As an indicator of the recession of the early 1930s, the bank allowed a hairdresser to rent rooms at their branch in Looe in Cornwall (LBGA, HO/D/Pre/27, item 5080 (18 November 1932)).

14 LBGA, HO/D/Wee/5, item 4931 (28 May 1897), referring to the Hampstead branch.

15 At Rye, after Field’s remodelling: LBGA, HO/D/Pre/13, item 4862 (12 November 1920).

16 A detailed description of Chatwin’s life and career has recently been published: Bridges, Tim, ‘J. A. Chatwin’, in Birmingham’s Victorian and Edwardian Architects, ed. Ballard, Phillida (Wetherby, 2009), pp. 89–122 Google Scholar. Booker, Temples, includes some reference to Chatwin’s role as ‘the Bank Architect’ (see p. 171).

17 Commissioned on 2 November 1891: LBGA, HO/D/Pre/1, item 184; extant, with alterations and additions.

18 According to Bridges, Philip Chatwin joined his father in practice in 1897, and in his later years the father ‘only occasionally’ worked in the office: ‘Chatwin’, pp. 114-15.

19 London, The National Archives, D7513, for the records of F. W. Waller’s architectural practice.

20 Extant, converted to other uses. As Booker points out, the design would have had to be approved by the Crown Agents as freeholders in any case. Booker, Temples, p. 192.

21 Lombard Street: LBGA, HO/D/Pre/43, item 242 (1 September 1922). Liverpool: LBGA, HO/D/Pre/16, item 728 (28 September 1923). The winners were John Burnet and Partners, in association with W. Campbell Jones, Son and Smithers for the London premises; and, in Liverpool, Grayson and Barnish (for whom see note 68 below).

22 Although in fact Field’s Hampstead (and Westminster) politician clients were Liberals.

23 LBGA, HO/D/Wee/5, items 3985-86 (21 December 1894). The Finchley Road job was evidently a minor one, consisting of a new front and some fitting out; it was completed in the summer of 1896. There does not seem to have been a general contractor and there is no note of an overall summary of costs — indeed, the order of the information is odd, with approval for payments preceding receipt of tenders. Separate tenders for the shop front, the internal fittings, the heating apparatus and various other items were approved, as was Field’s fee of £50. The total building cost was about £1,732, of which £1,250 was for the rebuilding of the front. LBGA, HO/D/Wee/5, items 4160 (8 February 1895); 4167 (14 June 1895); 4241 (9 August 1895); 4258 (23 August 1895); 4405 (24 January 1896); 4410 (31 January 1896); 4455 (6 March 1896); 4667 (28 August 1896). The building is extant in other uses (August 2009), but there is no clear surviving evidence of Field’s work.

24 LBGA, HO/D/Wee/5, item 4005 (11 January 1895).

25 The tender went out at the end of June. The bank decided to employ the second lowest tenderer, Davenall, for the work at his price of £10,517, since he was being satisfactorily employed on the Finchley Road project. The work was carried out from the summer of 1895 and was sufficiently complete for the bank to move by the end of 1897; the final account was paid in April 1898. The minutes do not include a summary of the final account, but there is no reference to the approval of extra costs. The general contract excluded fitting out and some other items — electrical and heating systems seem at this period always to have been covered separately. The final payment was approved on 1 April 1898: LBGA, HO/D/Wee/6, item 5325. Field’s commission was £83 6s.10d: ibid., item 5255 (11 February 1898).

26 The building is extant and in good order.

27 See Directory of British Architects 1834-1914, ed. Antonia Brodie et al., 2 vols (London, 2001), 11, p. 61, according to which he was Diocesan Surveyor for Lichfield and Hereford. At Shrewsbury, where he is recorded as working on the branch on 4 October 1897 (LBGA, HO/D/Pre/2, item 477), he designed a building that had a half-timbered top over a neat neo-Classical base (demolished): LBGA photographic collection. According to Sayers, G. B. Lloyd was the last surviving partner of the private bank from which Lloyds grew: Lloyds, p. 347.

28 LBGA, HO/D/Pre/2, item 781 (11 December 1899), approves Field’s plans, and further designs for the fittings were approved the following March: item 834 (5 March 1900). No tender for the main building works is mentioned, but they had been estimated at £2,450 (item 781), and they evidently went ahead as the builders were granted extra time in May. The substantial neo-Classical building, originally built c. 1875, is extant, and located at 47 Old Christchurch Road; LBGA has an interior and exterior view of it, dated 1922. There appear to be no views in local collections showing the building before Field intervened. The corner entrance with its segmental pediment may well be his, since he had recently used this device at Hampstead and went on to use it elsewhere (see below); the pillars, coffered ceiling and dentil cornice within all closely resemble Field’s work at other branches and may be attributed to him.

29 Field was appointed to the job at 15 Cheapside on 10 August 1900 (LBGA, HO/D/Pre/2, item 936); the principal cost, £2,941 5s. od., was for fittings: ibid., item 985 (19 October 1900). The branch, which resulted from Lloyds amalgamation with Brown, Janson and Co. in 1900, was rebuilt 1955-59.

30 Field’s work disappeared during rebuilding in 1965 (LBGA, branch administrative history); an interior view was published in The Architect and Building News, 8 September 1922 (unnumbered plate). Field was first asked to report on the Terminus Road site on 10 May 1901 (LBGA, HO/D/Pre/3, item 1123); the scheme was approved on 14 June 1901 (item 1160).

31 Ibid. The tender of Peerless Dennis and Co. (£2,320) was accepted on 23 August 1901 (LBGA, HO/D/Pre/3, item 1207); the bank moved in on 11 February 1902 (LBGA, branch administrative history). Field had similar problems regarding windows when designing 17 Avenue Road, St John’s Wood, and there his clients prevailed, to the detriment of the scheme: see Builder, 15 May 1914, p. 426. When young he had installed the surviving leaded lights into his family’s Italianate house at Thurlow Road in Hampstead.

32 One of Field’s jobs referred to at the meeting in June 1901 was for 72-74 Fenchurch Street, London, a fitting out within an office block called Dixon House by Davis and Emmanuel; it eventually cost £3,632 os. 5d.: LBGA, HO/D/Pre/3, item 1502 (1 August 1902). The branch has been rebuilt within the facade. Broadheath, Cheshire: Booker, Temples, refers to this, p. 209. Worthington had difficulties over many months in 1901 getting approval from the committee for both his elevation (‘somewhat too ornamental’) and his plan (‘several defects’) — e.g., LBGA, HO/D/Pre/3, item 1047 (18 January 1901). According to the online Dictionary of Scottish Architects, Worthington, born in 1826, did not retire until 1907 but since 1891 had been joined in partnership by his son Percy: <http://www.scottisharchitects.org.uk/architect_full.php?id=204271> [accessed 30 April 2010].

33 At the time of the approval of his scheme he was, at sixty-one, about twenty-five years older than Field. The London Committee had approved £35,000 worth of work at Cornhill in July 1896: LBGA, HO/D/Wee/5, item 4601 (3 July 1896). Anderson was evidently later involved with the bank’s premises in Lombard Street, although what he was doing there is not explained in the minutes: LBGA, HO/D/Pre/4, item 2923 (3 August 1906).

34 He reported on 4 April 1902: LBGA, HO/D/Pre/3, item 1380.

35 There are Ordnance Survey maps of Wealdstone at 1:2500 from 1896 and 1913-14.

36 The plans of the building, at 36 High Street, were approved on 12 June 1903: LBGA, HO/D/Pre/3, item 1792. Unusually, the bank approved the installation of electric light. The final cost, approved on 24 February 1905, was £3,147 9s. id. (LBGA, HO/D/Pre/4, item 2345). Extant but subdivided and reordered internally (as at July 2009).

37 The bank was exhibited in a drawing at the Royal Academy in 1907, where it was attributed to Field and Simmons, although the latter is not mentioned by the bank. It was published in the Builder, 17 April 1909, p. 233.

38 Smethwick: Lloyd-Oswell had a bumpy ride here, similar to that of Worthington at Cape Hill: LBGA, HO/D/Pre/4, item 2841 (22 June 1906). He continued to work intermittently for the bank until a falling out with his partner Iredale in 1923: see, for example, LBGA, HO/D/Pre/16, item 371 (20 July 1923). Kitson was appointed architect at Hunslet on 1 February 1907 (LBGA, HO/D/Pre/5, item 3176).

39 The final account for the bank came to £5,686 19s. 9d. (LBGA, HO/D/Pre/6, item 4686 (10 December 1909)). Drawings were exhibited at the Royal Academy in 1909, again attributed to Field and Simmons; these included a detail of the ornamental window, drawn by Cyril Farey, which was later reproduced in the Builder, 26 February 1910. The building was published at the time with both interior and external photographs, for example in the Builder, 1 May 1914, pp. 530-31. The branch is extant with extensions and internal reordering.

40 Field is sometimes (for example, in Gray, Edwardian Architecture, p. 178) credited with the design in 1908 of the former Capital and Counties, now Lloyds, branch at Sundial House, 112 Kensington High Street, London, but building approval documents indicate that the building was designed by Chesterton and Coleridge (building record no. 34950) — as told in Northern Kensington, Survey of London 37 (London, 1973), p. 67. Perhaps Field fitted out the interior of the building and attended to minor exterior accoutrements, as he had done for Lloyds at Bournemouth and Fenchurch Street. The Capital and Counties records are at Lloyds, but nothing survives to testify to the project.

41 Field’s plans for Southborough were approved on 25 October 1912 (LBGA, HO/D/Pre/8, item 6667). Its final cost was £2,414 4s. 3d.: ibid., item 7375 (9 January 1914).

42 Field and Bunney, English Domestic Architecture, pis LXIII and XXXIX-XLI respectively.

43 Extant, at 151 London Road; extended, and altered inside. The Great College Street house, designed in 1904, seems to have been the first of Field’s houses with a canopy like this; it was designed to feature a carving of a horse’s head, by Eric Aumonier, who often worked with Field (Architects’ and Builders’ Journal, 14 June 1911, p. 630). A different type of doorway had recently been an admired feature of his Hampstead design when the Southborough branch was designed: Architects’ Journal, 15 May 1912, p. 508.

44 Extant, with remodelled interior, at 5 High Street: it was sold to Barclays in 1922. Field was appointed on 10 July 1914 (LBGA, HO/D/Pre/9, item 7806) and his scheme was accepted in October; the successful tenderer was Marden and Mills. The final account, approved for payment on 11 February 1916, came to £3,754 9s. 8d. (LBGA, HO/D/Pre/9, item 8966). The front of the bank was illustrated in the Builder, 8 June 1917.

45 LBGA, HO/D/Pre/9, item 8603 (30 July 1915). Building restrictions and lack of manpower hampered all building work during the war.

46 The attribution to Field was originally made by the late Nigel Temple in Farnham Buildings and People, 2nd edn (London, 1973), pp. 3-5. Neither Farnham nor the Surrey History Centre has retained records for this building work. Lloyds: LBGA, HO/D/Pre/9, item 8792 (12 November 1915); LBGA, HO/D/Pre/10, item 9184 (23 June 1916). The work cost £415 11s. 8d. The buildings are extant and have reverted to shop use.

47 Extant, at the corner of High Street and West Street. See LBGA, HO/D/Pre/11, items 814 (7 March 1919); 1079 (9 May 1919). The work was estimated at £860: LBGA, HO/D/Pre/12, item 1920 (2 January 1920). In time, Field made further alterations to the bank, including a new strong room: LBGA, HO/D/Pre/18, item 3453 (19 June 1925); ESRO DR/A/21/1926/13 (6 September 1926). Alterations and additions are reported in the minutes for several of Field’s branches, including the Hampstead one, but without reference to an architect. Field himself probably made changes to some other branches; in June 1925, he was appointed in connection with ‘proposed alterations’ at the main branch in Oxford: LBGA, HO/D/Pre/18, item 3392 (5 June 1925).

48 Field’s characteristic features can be seen in abundance in eighteenth-century townscapes, especially in the Surrey towns where he designed a great deal; the old houses he remodelled at Farnham had these tripartite sashes. A window of this type, also in Farnham, appears in the course of Nathaniel Lloyd’s series ‘The English House’ in the Architectural Review (February 1931), p. 41, specifically as an example of a late Georgian or Regency characteristic.

49 Field was appointed at a special meeting — held because there was now so much work to report on — that took place on 26 February 1920 (LBGA, HO/D/Pre/12, item 4016).

50 LBGA, HO/D/Pre/12, items 4332, 4334 (28 May 1920). Webster and Cannon were appointed as contractors for the Aylesbury branch in October 1920; their final account was approved in July 1923 and came to £24,634 10s. id., including the cost of electrical light (which the committee had originally refused). Ibid., item 4562 (6 August 1920); LBGA, HO/D/Pre/15, item 368 (20 July 1923). The branch is extant, reordered and partially remodelled, at 36 Kingsbury Square.

51 Extant, with reordering. Mardon, Ball and Co. were appointed as contractors at the end of 1920, and the final account, for £15,484 16s. od., was approved in November 1922: LBGA, HO/D/Pre/13, item 5008 (31 December 1920); LBGA, HO/D/Pre/15, item 9106 (10 November 1922). A drawing of the facade was exhibited at the Royal Academy in 1921, and published in the Builder, 29 July 1921.

52 Largely extant, with internal and rear alterations, at 40 High Street, but its celebrated large garden is gone. There was some delay as the bank debated whether to convert or rebuild; LBGA, HO/D/Pre/14, items 8021 (31 March 1922); 8546 (21 July 1922); HO/D/Pre/15 item 9425 (12 January 1923). The final account was a modest £4,370 5s. od.: LBGA, HO/D/Pre/17, item 2739 (2 January 1925). The door was in its present asymmetrical position before Field’s interventions.

53 The exterior of the building survives; the interior, at the time of writing (July 2009), is derelict. Field’s external interventions were minimal: he provided new doors in simple surrounds and added Lloyds’ various accoutrements such as a fascia board and signs. He was appointed on 18 August 1922 (LBGA, HO/D/Pre/14, item 8650); the final account came to £4,898 LBGA, HO/D/Pre/17, item 1894 (20 June 1924). The internal works must, therefore, have been substantial. The branch was open by the end of 1923, but closed in October 1941 (branch administrative history).

54 The plans were approved in November 1923 and when the bank, built by Messrs Rice and Son, was completed in the summer of 1926 it had cost £12,556 10s. id. (LBGA, HO/D/Pre/16, item 1151 (7 November 1923); HO/D/Pre/20 item 5341 (20 August 1926)). By comparison, the bank had by this time in general started to build small single-storey properties that cost around £3,000. The bank is located at 1433-35 London Road, and it is currently (July 2009) in a good condition: Field’s characteristic internal details, such as Tuscan columns and a coffered and dentilled ceiling, have survived reordering. A perspective drawing by J. D. M. Harvey was exhibited at the Royal Academy in 1925 and published in the Builder on 29 May 1925 (unnumbered plate).

55 The bank’s administrative history for the branch suggests that it had opened the previous year, although this may have been in the temporary premises referred to in the minutes. The contractor was D. Godden and Son and the final cost of the building was £14,955 14s. 6d.: LBGA, HO/D/Pre/18, item 3047 (20 March 1925); HO/D/Pre/21, item 7472 (9 December 1927). A perspective of the bank was exhibited at the Royal Academy in 1926, and published in the Builder on 14 May 1926. The building is extant at 81 High Street; Field’s banking hall survives with some reordering.

56 All three drawings were also reproduced the Builder: 29 May 1925, unnumbered plate with text, p. 826; 14 May 1926, plate p. 795, text p. 788; and 6 May 1927, plate p. 719 and text p. 722 respectively. There is no direct mention of Field’s appointment to the Richmond job in the minutes — on 16 October 1925 the decision on whom to appoint was ‘left to the decision of the Chairman’, which sometimes happened during the committee’s most productive period — but his plans were approved on 27 November 1925: LGBA, HO/D/Pre/19, item 4193. The tender by E. A. Roome and Co. Ltd was accepted in April 1926 and the bank cost £11,837 11s. 5d.: LBGA, HO/D/Pre/19, item 4836 (16 April 1926); HO/D/Pre/22, item 8493 (10 August 1928). The building is extant in other uses at 4-5 King Street; Field’s Royal Academy elevation drawing was reproduced in the Builder, 6 May 1927, p. 719.

57 Field’s plans were accepted on 4 December 1925, and Jukes and Son Ltd were selected as tenderers on 20 August 1926: LBGA, HO/D/Pre/19 item 4232; HO/D/Pre/20, item 5352. The final account, for £37,114 6s. 2d., was approved on 19 December 1930: LBGA, HO/D/Pre/25, item 2488. The building, at 19-21 High Street, has survived both inside and out in good condition (July 2009). It was illustrated in the Architects’ Journal, 17 August 1932, apparently the last appearance in a magazine of Field’s work. His name appears in the minutes in the connection with the job only at LBGA, HO/D/Pre/25, item 1630 (13 June 1930).

58 Burnet and Campbell Jones were asked to ‘redraft’ their elevations following a meeting with the members of the bank’s special committee on its main offices on 26 February 1926, that is, about ten weeks after Field’s plans were approved: LBGA, HO/D/Pre/43 item 628 (26 February 1926). Burnet, the successful architect for the headquarters building, was given the smaller Oxford Street branch in the city: LBGA, HO/D/Pre/20, item 5445 (1 September 1926).

59 The plans for this project are the only ones by Field retained by the bank, and they show that its appearance after rebuilding was entirely new (LBGA, B/1282/a/20).

60 Field was appointed on 18 March 1927: LBGA, HO/D/Pre/20, item 6345; plans were approved on 4 November 1927: HO/D/Pre/21, item 7318. The story of Inveresk House, as the building became known in June 1928, is recounted in detail in an anonymous brochure in the bank’s archives entitled The Morning Post Building — Inveresk House / Aldwych (1928). For a description of the original building in its context, see Service, Alastair, Mewès, Arthur Davis of and Davis’, , in Edwardian Architecture and its Origins, ed. Service, Alastair (London, 1975), pp. 432–42 Google Scholar. Field’s work seems to have been sensitive, at any rate in comparison to the alterations wrought by the Vickerys; he kept, for example, Davis’ original delicate ornamental entrance gates to the Strand, merely inserting the name of the bank. The minutes record only the final account for the fittings, but these may have constituted most of the works: they were valued at £1,795 2s. od.: LGBA, HO/D/Pre/23, item 267 (6 September 1929). The branch closed some time before 2000 when the ground floor was converted into hotel use and Field’s work vanished. In the year preceding Field’s appointment to this job he had been employed by the bank to investigate structural problems at their Bournemouth Dean Park branch.

61 Field was appointed on 30 September 1927 (LBGA, HO/D/Pre/21, item 7141) and plans were approved on 28 October 1927: ibid., 7285); it was built by Pool and Sons: ibid., item 7555 (6 January 1928). According to the final account approved on 14 June 1929, it cost £3,494 13s. 3d.: LBGA, HO/D/Pre/23, item 9890. The bank is located in the High Street, and is currently (July 2009) in good condition externally; the interior has been subdivided and reordered. Field’s name appears in the minutes in connection with the job only at LBGA, HO/D/Pre/25, item 1630 (13 June 1930).

62 For example, by Unsworth and Goulder for a branch at Ascot; they were appointed on 20 December 1926, six months after the final account was paid for Hartley Wintney: LBGA, HO/D/Pre/23, item 798. The round windows distinguish the building from T. B. Whinney’s Midland Bank at Henley-on-Thames of 1924, which Booker sees as a model for the type: Booker, Temples, p. 223.

63 For example, in a letter to Rye town council of 7 March 1934: ESRO, DR/A22/257, in respect of his drawings for Prospect Cottage on Rye Hill.

64 Rye library has an undated photographic view of it, no. 172 in their collection. Chatwin’s appointment is at LBGA, HO/D/Pre/i, item 361 (16 July 1894). His building application, dated 12 August 1895, is at ESRO but without drawings: ESRO, DR/A 21/1895/9.

65 LBGA, HO/D/Pre/12, item 3058 (13 February 1920). The Architect and Building News also congratulated the bank, and the architect, with full-page ‘before’ (Fig. 17) and ‘after’ views, and a brief comment on p. 275 (11 November 1921).

66 Reilly’s campaign for better branch design came in a series of articles from 1926 for the Banker (Booker, Temples, ch. 6, passim).

67 The Okehampton branch was illustrated in the course of a long article on bank architecture in the Architects’ Journal, 2 March 1921, pp. 269-70, 273-74.

68 Field, Horace and Bunney, Michael, English Domestic Architecture of the XVII and XVIII Centuries, rev. edn (London, 1928 Google Scholar). Cf. Raynes Park, for which Gilbert was commissioned on 2 October 1925 (LBGA, HO/D/Pre/18, item 3914). The comparative styles of the branches of the major banks in this later period are discussed in detail in Booker, Temples, ch. 6, passim. The copy of English Domestic Architecture in the possession of this author was previously owned by Leonard Barnish, of the Liverpool firm Grayson and Barnish, which carried out work for Lloyds in the 1920s. It also carries the bookplate of W. H. Lever, later Viscount Leverhulme. Who owned it first?

69 Southwark: LBGA, HO/D/Pre/21, item 6798 (8 July 1927); Royal Agricultural Show: LBGA, HO/D/Pre/21, item 6798 (16 December 27); LBGA, HO/D/Pre/22, items 8140 (11 May 1928); 8174 (18 May 1928).