1 On Sutton Place, see Howard, Maurice, The Renaissance at Sutton Place (Sutton Place, 1983)Google Scholar. Both houses are discussed and illustrated in Blomfield, Reginald, A History of Renaissance Architecture in England, 1500–1800 (London, 1897)Google Scholar; see also Gotch, John, Early Renaissance Architecture in England (London, 1901)Google Scholar.

2 Baggs, Anthony, ‘Sixteenth-Century Terracotta Tombs in East Anglia’, Archaeological Journal, 125 (1968), pp. 295–301 CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

3 Angela Smith first drew my attention to the Lisle tomb at Thruxton in the course of our research on the Renaissance frieze at the Hospital of St Cross, Winchester (see Smith, Angela and Riall, Nicholas, ‘Early Tudor Canopywork at the Hospital of St Cross, Winchester’, Antiquaries Journal, 82 (2002), pp. 125–56)CrossRefGoogle Scholar. Smith suggests that Thomas Bertie designed and built the Lisle tomb in her unpublished doctoral thesis: ‘The Life and Building Activity of Richard Fox, c.1447–1528’ (University of London, 1989), pp. 297–302.

4 The presbytery screens in the cathedral have been much discussed, although mainly from the perspective of their Renaissance style. See Blunt, Anthony, ‘L’influence Française sur l’architecture et la sculpture décorative en Angleterre pendant la première moitié du XVIme siècle’, Revue de l’Art, 4 (1969), pp. 17–29 Google Scholar. Blunt’s essay is reviewed in Nicholas Riall, ‘The Early Tudor Renaissance in Hampshire: Anthony Blunt and “L’influence Française sur l’architecture et la sculpture décorative en Angleterre pendant la première moitié du XVIme siècle” revisited’, Renaissance Studies, 21:2 (2007), pp. 218–53. For a fuller analysis of the cathedral works, see Biddle, Martin, ‘Early Renaissance at Winchester’, in Winchester Cathedral: Nine Hundred Years, ed. Crook, John (Chichester, 1993), pp. 257–304 Google Scholar. Biddle’s discussion is reappraised in Nicholas Riall, ‘Bringing the Renaissance to Early Tudor England: The role of Richard Fox and his frieze at St Cross’ (unpublished doctoral thesis, University of Wales, Swansea, 2005), pp. 277–303.

5 John Lisle’s will (listed under Lysle) is National Archives, London (hereafter NA), PROB 11/21. Mary Lisle’s will (listed under Lysley) is NA, PROB 11/21. See also Bickley, Francis, ‘Thruxton’, Victoria County History of Hampshire (hereafter VCH), ed. William Page (London, 1911), iv, p. 389, n. 66Google Scholar.

6 NA, PROB 11 /21, lines 8–9.

7 Harvey, John, English Medieval Architects: A Biographical Dictionary down to 1550 (Gloucester, 1984), pp. 32–33 Google Scholar. See also Smith, , ‘The Life and Building Activity of Richard Fox’, pp. 297–302 Google Scholar, where she identifies the mason as possibly John White (or Wright) of Winchester, Edmund More, William Est, or Thomas Bertie, concluding ‘that there was no evidence to suggest he (Bertie) ever held this post (as mason) for the bishop’. Martin Biddle, on the other hand, has argued for Bertie’s authorship of the cathedral screens: Biddle, ‘Early Renaissance’, p. 274.

8 For the Lisle family, see Complete Peerage (London, 1932). See also, Hicks, Michael, ‘Lisle [de Lisle] Family (per. c. 1277–1542)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (Oxford, 2004)Google Scholar.

9 Hicks, ‘Lisle Family’, observes that the family were previously buried at Wooton on the Isle of Wight.

10 See Complete Peerage (under 5, John Lisle). See also, VCH, Hampshire, iv, p. 390, and Pevsner, Nikolaus and Lloyd, David, Hampshire and the Isle of Wight (London, 1967), p. 620 Google Scholar.

11 The Lisles were hereditary keepers of the forest of Chute, Wiltshire.

12 Complete Peerage (under 7, John Lisle). See also NA, PCC, 3 Wattys.

13 Complete Peerage (under 8, Nicholas Lisle). See also NA, PROB 11/15 (proved 14 May 1506); Calendar of Inquisitions Post Mortem: Henry VII, 11, p. 491.

14 See [Charles Long], C. E. L., ‘Church Notes of Hampshire’, in Topographer and Genealogist, 11 (1853), pp. 306–11 Google Scholar, where it is noted that part of the arch above was then ‘bricked up’ and that ‘part of the sculpture may still be seen on the outside’. If this refers to the carved face of the tomb, it would imply that the tomb projected through the south wall of the chancel before the major Victorian refurbishment of the church completed in 1869. It should be noted that Long published his notes on Thruxton under his initials C. E. L. His identity is revealed in a letter to Francis Baigent, dated 25 February 1856, in which he discusses his comments on the church (British Library, Add. MS 39,970, fols 350–51).

15 In his will, Nicholas Lysle left instructions for his burial on the south side of the chancel (NA, PROB 11/15).

16 The south face of this tomb has been exposed in the south external face of the chancel wall since the remodelling of the church in the late nineteenth century. The carved decoration implies that this tomb was originally freestanding (or it was intended as such). Dr Simon Roffey of the University of Winchester, suggests (in personal communication with author) that there was a chapel on the south side of the church.

17 The presbytery was remodelled by Bishop Fox some time before 1509. This work may also have included the presbytery vault supported by corbels decorated with heraldic angels. See Lindley, Philip, ‘The Medieval Sculpture of Winchester Cathedral’, in Winchester Cathedral: 900 Years, pp. 114–18 Google Scholar.

18 The presbytery aisle-upaults may date from after 1513. See Smith, , ‘The Life and Building Activity of Richard Fox’, pp. 159–61 Google Scholar.

19 The brass moulding around the upper edge of the tomb has long since been lost. Fixing holes can be seen where shields were originally affixed to the face of the tomb. This brass work was missing by 1853 (see Long, , ‘Church Notes of Hampshire’, p. 308 Google Scholar).

20 Sir Thomas Lisle is named as principal heir in Sir John’s will and his wife Mary’s will.

21 For a discussion of this tomb and chapel, see Riall, Nicholas, ‘Thomas Bertie, Bishop’s Mason, and the Early Tudor Renaissance-Styled Tomb of Ralph and Edith Pexall at Sherborne St John, Hampshire’, in Proceedings of the Hampshire Field Club and Archaeological Society, 62 (2007)Google Scholar.

22 Hampshire has been well served by county historians. Thruxton, however, received little attention prior to the Victoria County History. Warner, Richard, Collections for the History of Hampshire, 1 (Winchester, 1795), p. 198 Google Scholar, with its one-line note, is typical. White, William, History and Gazetteer of Hampshire (1859), pp. 455–56 Google Scholar, provides nothing of substance. Thruxton was amongst the parishes surveyed by Francis Baigent for his proposed history of Hampshire, but Baigent’s papers relating to Thruxton (BL Add. MS 39970, fols 332–59) contain nothing concerning the Lisle chapel or the fabric of the church. Baigent made (unpublished) line drawings of the tomb (BL Add. MS 39986, fols 1, 172–74).

23 The Thruxton parish registers are now at the Hampshire Record Office. The register for 1702–1812 is HRO, 79M71 / PR2 (unpaginated). The entries relating to the church fabric are situated at the back of the volume.

24 HRO, 79M71/PR2; see also VCH, Hampshire, iv, p. 390.

25 Donald Baynes was curate at Thruxton in 1836–57.

26 VCH, Hampshire, iv, p. 390.

27 VCH, Hampshire, iv, p. 389.

28 Pevsner and Lloyd, Hampshire and the Isle of Wight, pp. 622–23.

29 Smith noted the tower frieze and tomb, but makes no mention of the panel on the north side of the Lisle tomb ( Smith, , ‘The Life and Building Activity of Richard Fox’, p. 302)Google Scholar.

30 There is no record of any faculties having been issued or granted at this time. Thruxton is not included in the ‘Exhibit Books’ for 1789–1886 (HRO 21M65/C4).

31 An undated photograph of the church in the Hampshire Record Office (HRO 79M71/PZ 18/1) shows the church before the alterations carried out in the 1860s. The photograph shows the church from the south-east.

32 NA, PROB 11/21 (will of John Lysle). See also VCH, Hampshire, iv, p. 389, n. 66.

33 NA, PROB 11/21 (will of Lady Mary Lysley).

34 On prayers and supplications for the dead, see Duffy, Eamon, The Stripping of the Altars, 2nd edn (London, 2005), pp. 368–76 Google Scholar.

35 A similar bequest appears in the will of Richard Norton of East Tisted, who left money to the parish priest to celebrate ‘masses and diriges for my soule and my frindes soules’ for three years following his death. Norton was a military colleague of Sir John Lisle and, like the Lisles, commissioned a tomb adorned with Renaissance ornament. Norton’s will, dated 24 January 1537, is NA, PROB 11/26 (proved 28 February 1537).

36 NA, PROB 11/21 (will of George Rogers, proved 5 October 1524).

37 Duffy, Stripping of the Altars, pp. 369–70.

38 NA, E301/52 and 52.

39 NA, E301/52, fol. 22.

40 Biddle, ‘Early Renaissance’, pp. 263–74.

41 This sketch, previously unpublished, is in the collections of Portsmouth Museums and Record Service: Thruxton Church, 23 August 1765, 18/1987/27.

42 Almost contemporary with the work at Thruxton is the chapel and tomb settings at Basing, Hampshire, created in c. 1519 by Sir John Paulet, who added a chapel to the north side of the church and placed two chest tombs into arched spaces in the north wall of the chancel. None of this work, however, includes Renaissance decoration. See Crook, John, ‘New Light on the History of St Mary’s Church, Old Basing, Hampshire: an Incised Design for a Post-Medieval Window’, The Journal of the British Archaeological Association, 154 (2002), pp. 92–133 (pp. 104–05)CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

43 NA, PROB 11/21 (will of Mary Lysley). See also Smith, , ‘The Life and Building Activity of Richard Fox’, pp. 301–02 Google Scholar.

44 I am indebted to an anonymous reader of this article for this suggestion.

45 Much of the glass has been lost, but a substantial portion remains at The Vyne. The glass is discussed and described in Wayment, Hilary, ‘The Stained Glass of the Chapel of the Vyne and the Chapel of the Holy Ghost, Basingstoke’, Archaeologia, 107 (1982), pp. 141–52 CrossRefGoogle Scholar. Pevsner and Lloyd, Hampshire and the Isle of Wight, p. 91, noted that the Holy Trinity chapel that Sandys built for his eventual burial place had a half-hexagonal apse and that it was brick-built. The structure was in fact completely faced in stone, and had stone-traceried windows.

46 Hicks, ‘Lisle Family’.

47 The Lisle estate on the Isle of Wight is detailed manor by manor in VCH, Hampshire, v, pp. 142, 143, 145, 155, 162, 172, 182 and 191.

48 Their lands in Hampshire are given in VCH, Hampshire, III, p. 484, and VCH, Hampshire, iv, pp. 353, 373, 387, 616–67, 619.

49 Hicks, ‘Lisle Family’.

50 A house at Thruxton is mentioned in Sir John Lisle’s will. The 1872 edition of the Ordnance Survey map (six-inch series) shows the remains of a moated enclosure immediately adjacent to the north side of the churchyard at Thruxton, and it may be that this was the site of the Lisles’ house. The Lisles may have had a London house (see Brewer, J. S. and others (eds), Letters and Papers Illustrative of English History (London, 1862-1932), I/part 1, 20, p. 137 Google Scholar).

51 Complete Peerage (under 9, John Lisle).

52 Ibid., p. 46. See also Berry, William, County Genealogies: Pedigrees of the Families in the County of Hampshire (London, 1933), p. ix Google Scholar.

53 Letters and Papers, I/part 1, 833 (58), ii, 18 July 1511.

54 Letters and Papers, I/part 2, appendix at pp. 1534–35. Lisle is listed in the first six years of Henry VIII’s reign, as was Bishop Fox, and William Frost (Fox’s steward). Richard Norton is listed in years 1–5, while Ralph Pexall is listed in years 4–6.

55 Letters and Papers, I/part 1, 1176 (2), May 1512. Sandes is doubtless Sir William Sandys of The Vyne, later Lord Sandys (see Letters and Papers, I/part 1, 1221, 2 May 1512, when Sandes and Lisle were ordered to assemble and review the muster at Southampton).

56 Letters and Papers, I/part 1, 1596, 29 January 1513, which records that Sandys and Lisle were appointed to command the muster in Wiltshire in preparation for an anticipated invasion.

57 Letters and Papers, I/part 1, 1596, 29 January 1513, where it is recorded that Lisle was appointed with Sandes as the chief captain of the county. See also Letters and Papers, I/part 1, 1662 (27), February 1513, where Lisle is listed with John Tuchet (Lord Audeley) and Sir William Sandes; Letters and Papers, I/part 2, 2574, 14 January 1514; and Letters and Papers, I/part 2, 2861 (32), 15 April 1514, when Lisle, Sandes, etc., were ordered to survey the muster and array at Portsmouth.

58 Richard Fox was Bishop of Winchester in 1501–28; see Davies, C. S. L., ‘Richard Fox (1447/8–1528)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (Oxford, 2004)Google Scholar.

59 Lord Audeley was one of the executors named in Mary Lisle’s will.

60 Letters of Richard Fox, 14.86–1527, ed. P. S. Allen and H. M. Allen (Oxford, 1929), letter 59, 12 June 1517, written to Wolsey from St Cross.

61 Letters and Papers, II/part 2, 3783, 9 November 1517, Sheriff roll.

62 Letters and Papers, I/part 1, 1537. See also Letters and Papers, 11/1, 170, 16 February 1515.

63 Letters and Papers, III/part 1, 703, 704, 240 and 245. Lisle was in the queen’s train.

64 Letters and Papers, III/part 2, 2862.

65 VCH, Hampshire, 4, p. 388; and see Letters and Papers, iv/part 1, 895 (19), 19 November 1524: grant of the livery of the lands held by Sir John Lisle of Wooton in the Isle of Wight and of Thruxton to Thomas Lisle and Mary his wife (this source also gives the Lisle ancestry of John and Mary, from whom Thomas and Mary inherited).

66 On the Pexall tomb, see Riall, ‘Thomas Bertie, Bishop’s Mason, and the Early Tudor Renaissance-Styled Tomb of Ralph and Edith Pexall’.

67 The water-damage on the north face may stem from the period between the demolition of the Lisle chapel in the late eighteenth-century and the rebuilding of the church in c. 1801 or c. 1839.

68 Biddle, , ‘Early Renaissance’, p. 271 and fig. 19.11Google Scholar.

69 Prior Silkstede’s stalls are discussed in Riall, Nicholas, ‘Thomas Silkstede’s Renaissance-Styled Canopied Woodwork in the South Transept of Winchester Cathedral’, The Proceedings of the Hampshire Field Club and Archaeological Society, 58 (2003), pp. 209–25 Google Scholar.

70 Martin Biddle has argued that the screens were not finished until the end of the decade: Biddle, , ‘Early Renaissance’, pp. 268–74 Google Scholar.

71 For a description and discussion of the Norton tomb, see Riall, Nicholas, ‘An Early Italianate Tomb at East Tisted’, Alton Papers, 11 (2007)Google Scholar.

72 The north side of the canopy frieze over the Lisle tomb has been cut back, presumably in the nineteenth century, when a vestry was built on the site of the Lisle chapel.

73 The Norton tomb seems to have been created in the 1530s but, given the lack of documentation, it could conceivably have been carved in the 1520s. Apart from brief notes in VCH, Hampshire, in, p. 34, and in Pevsner and Lloyd, Hampshire, p. 203 and pl. 47, this tomb has attracted little scholarly attention.

74 See Pevsner and Lloyd, Hampshire and the Isle of Wight, p. 34, where it is suggested that the construction of this chapel postdates the execution of the Countess of Salisbury in 1541. See also Howard, Maurice, ‘All’Antica Ornament: its Use and Limitations in England (1520–1550)’, in L’Invention de la Renaissance: La réception des formes “À L’Antique” au début de la Renaissance, ed. Guillaume, J. (Paris, 2003), pp. 55–66 and fig. 2Google Scholar.

75 For discussion of this all’antica style, with particular reference to Thomas Bertie, see Riall, Nicholas, ‘The Early Tudor Renaissance in Hampshire: Anthony Blunt and “L’influence Française”’Google Scholar.

76 Park, David and Welford, Peter, ‘The Medieval Polychromy of Winchester Cathedral’, in Winchester Cathedral: 900 Years, p. 138, n. 62Google Scholar. See also Biddle, , ‘Early Renaissance’, p. 269 Google Scholar. Park and Welford, like Biddle, draw no parallels between the work in the cathedral and similar works located elsewhere in Hampshire.

77 Mary Courtenay was the daughter of Sir John Courtenay, sixth son of Sir Philip Courtenay of Powderham, Devon. Her uncle was bishop of Winchester in 1487–92. Her cousin, Henry Courtenay, was an associate of Bishop Fox and a beneficiary of his will.

78 Pevsner, and Lloyd, , Hampshire and the Isle of Wight, p. 620 Google Scholar. The National Monuments Record at Swindon has two undated photographs, probably taken before 1900. Both show effigies in several pieces.

79 VCH, Hampshire, iv, p. 390. This reference is not sourced.

80 Putti appear on two friezes in this group: on the south presbytery screen in the cathedral (see Biddle, , ‘Early Renaissance’, pp. 271–72)Google Scholar, and on the Pexall monument at Sherborne St John (see Riall, , ‘Thomas Bertie, Bishop’s Mason, and the Early Tudor Renaissance-Styled Tomb of Ralph and Edith Pexall’)Google Scholar.

81 The canopywork at St Cross is described in Smith, and Riall, , ‘Early Tudor Canopywork’, pp. 125–56 Google Scholar.

82 Biddle, , ‘Early Renaissance’, pp. 260–63 Google Scholar; see also Riall, ‘Silkstede Stalls’.

83 Bales, Thruxton Parish Register, entry in 1846; VCH, Hampshire, iv, p. 389.

84 Smith, and Riall, , ‘Early Tudor Canopywork’, pp. 143–46 Google Scholar.

85 Riall, , ‘Silkstede Stalls’, pp. 209–25 Google Scholar.

86 It is possible that the window in the west face of the tower and the doorway in the south face of the tower also came from the Lisle chapel. This suggestion was first mooted in VCH, Hampshire, iv, p. 390.

87 The pipe-roll of the Bishop of Winchester for 1520–21 reveals that large quantities of building materials were sold off at that time, including ten carts of Caen stone, together with laths, tiles and lead (HRO, Eccl. II/155866). These materials may have been assembled for the rebuilding of the transepts. Bertie was well placed to purchase these materials and use them in his funerary works across Hampshire.

88 Angela Smith associated Thomas Bertie, amongst others, with the Renaissance work described here, together with a series of projects including work at The Vyne for William Sandys and in Basingstoke where he may have worked on the Holy Ghost chapel for Bishop Fox and William Sandys. Her argument, however, overlooks the Renaissance ornament uniting these works. See Smith, , ‘Life and Building Activity of Richard Fox’, pp. 300–05 Google Scholar.

89 Harvey, , English Medieval Architects, pp. 32–33 Google Scholar.

90 Biddle, , ‘Early Renaissance’, p. 274 Google Scholar.

91 Harvey, , English Medieval Architects, p. 32 Google Scholar.

92 Wabuda, S., ‘Bertie, Richard (1517–1582)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (Oxford, 2004)Google Scholar. See also Round, J. H., Peerage and Pedigree (London, 1910) p. 34 Google Scholar, where it is noted that the record was dated in the tenth year of Clement VII, which would make the year of Richard’s entry 1532/33. This is compatible with Thomas Bertie’s living in High Street, Winchester, in 1516/17.

93 Richard Bertie married Katherine Willoughby, widow of Charles Brandon, Duke of Suffolk, in 1552. See under Willoughby in Complete Peerage, and under Round in Peerage and Pedigree, pp. 22–54, for Robert Berty’s relationships with his son Thomas Bertie (Berty) and grandson Richard Bertie.

94 On Robert and William Vertue, see Harvey, , English Medieval Architects, pp. 270–74 Google Scholar.

95 Harvey, , English Medieval Architects, p. 32 Google Scholar, where it is suggested that Thomas was sixteen years of age in 1502.

96 A detailed architectural history of Bishop Fox’s programme of work from its inception some time after 1501 through to its final stages in the 1520s has yet to be written; an overview is provided in Smith, , ‘Life and Building Activity of Richard Fox’, pp. 150–234, and pp. 275–316 Google Scholar.

97 See Smith, ‘Life and Building Activity of Richard Fox’, appendix 5, for a full transcript of the 1513 indenture.

98 This aspect of Fox’s building work remains little known; see Riall, ‘Silkstede Stalls’, p. 219.

99 See Biddle, , ‘Early Renaissance’, pp. 271–74 Google Scholar, where it is suggested that the work on the south presbytery screen remained unfinished at the time of Bishop Fox’s death in 1528, and that the north screen was later still. This takes no account, however, of the date ‘1525’ on both screens. Stylistic similarities between the Lisle frieze and tomb and the work in the north presbytery suggest a date of 1525.

100 See Biddle, , ‘Early Renaissance’, pp. 273–74 Google Scholar, which makes no reference to any of the monuments across Hampshire. Biddle suggests that the south frieze was originally intended for another location.

101 Biddle, , ‘Early Renaissance’, p. 274 Google Scholar.

102 Smith, and Riall, , ‘Tudor Canopywork’Google Scholar.

103 The earlier Paulet tombs in Basing, Hampshire, have been credited to the same workshop as the Lisle tomb: see Smith, ‘Life and Building Activity of Richard Fox’, p. 303. These two tombs have no Renaissance detail, although the same Tudor court style of architecture underpins the construction of both monuments. See Crook, , ‘New Light on the History of St Mary’s Church, Old Basing’, pp. 102–05 Google Scholar.

104 Riall, , ‘Thomas Bertie, Bishop’s Mason, and the Early Tudor Renaissance-Styled Tomb of Ralph and Edith Pexall’Google Scholar.

105 Harvey, , English Medieval Architects, p. 33 Google Scholar. See also Smith, , ‘Life and Building Activity of Richard Fox’, p. 305 Google Scholar.