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XXIX. Memoir on Hokeday. By the Rev. Mr. Denne
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 24 July 2012
Extract
Hoke, or Hock-day, Hoke, or Hock-tyde, was formerly a season of much festivity in England, but from what cause is still uncertain. In the following pages it is proposed to examine into its origin, and should the result of my enquiry be judged unsatisfactory, I shall not be surprized, the question being left doubtful by Mr. Lambard and Dr. Plott, Dr. Watts and Bishop Kennett, Sir Henry Spelman, and Mr. Bryant. My motive, for attempting this investigation is, that I think I see the subject in one point of view in which it does not appear to have been considered by these intelligent and learned writers.
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References
page 244 note [a] Perambulation of Kent, p. 136.
page 244 note [b] History of Oxfordshire, p. 201.
page 244 note [c] Glossary to M. Paris Hist.
page 244 note [d] Parochial Antiquities, Glossary.
page 244 note [e] Glossary.
page 244 note [f] Observations upon the Poems of Thomas Rowley, part I. p. 295, &c.
page 246 note [g] Hearne, Ann. de Dunstaple, p. 294. Bibliotheca Topographica Britannica. N°. VIII. p. 85.
page 246 note [h] Hearne, ib. p. 607. Bib. Top. Brit. p. 145.
page 246 note [i] Bridges's History, p. 55.
page 247 note [k] Hearne's Ann. de Dunstaple, p. 632. Bib. Top. Brit. No. VIII. p. 149.
page 247 note [l] Law Dictionary, title Hokeday.
page 247 note [m] Spelman's Glossary.
page 247 note [n] Kennett's Parochial Antiquities, p. 490.
page 248 note [o] Ross, edit. Hearne, p. 105. Bourne's Antiquities of the Common People, edit. by Mr. Brand, p. 402. not.
page 248 note [p] Vide Watsii Glossarium in Matt. Paris.
page 249 note [q] The mistake is in Dr. Plott, and not in Matt. Paris, who repeatedly mentions, Tuesday as the Hokeday. Not Monday, but Sunday must be literally the Quindena Paschæ; and as Sunday was the first day, the title of it gave the denomination to the week; in the same manner as Easter week, Rogation week, Whitsund week, are called from the Sundays respectively preceding.
page 252 note [r] Dufresne, Glossar. ad verbum Hakeday. According to Home, in his History of England, St. Brice's day fell on a Sunday; and that being the day of the week on which the Danes used to bathe themselves; he says, the days was chosen on that account. It is, however, a mistake, for D, as Dufresne has observed, was the dominical letter in 1002, and consequently the surmise of the historian is groundless.
page 253 note [s] Registrum Roffense, p. 459.
page 253 note [t] Reg. Roff. p. 496.
page 253 note [u] Ibid. p. 696.
page 254 note [w] Not June 4, as by an error in Reg. Roff. p. 598.
page 254 note [x] By the canons of archbishop Cuthbert, A. 747, 18, it was constituted, that none neglect the times of the fasts, that is, of the 4th, 7th, and 10th months. Johnson's Eccles. Laws. A council in 1002 directs the second fast on the second week of June, if the first day of June fall on a Wednesday, or any day in the week before Wednesday, else in the third week; but if Whitsund eve fall in this week, then the next to be Ember week. The council of Clement, A. 1095, ordered the second fast to be in Whitsund week. Ibid. Ecbright's Answers, A. 734, 16, not. g.
page 255 note [y] Simeon Dunelm. X Script. col. 181. 44. Diceto 474. 56. Brompton 934. 24.
page 255 note [z] Prideaux, Connexion of Sacred and Profane History, v. I. p. 250.
page 255 note [a] Archaeologia, v. III. p. 137.
page 256 note [b] Macrobii Saturnal. lib. i. p. 205, & Rosini Antiq. Roman. corpus cum notis Dempsteri, p. 114. 289.
page 259 note [c] P. 179.
page 259 note [d] Hist. Mag. Winton, Ang. Sac. I. p. 236.
page 259 note [e] X Script. col. 375.
page 259 note [f] Ang. Sac. I. p. 290.
page 259 note [g] De gest. reg. Angl. p. 43.
page 259 note [h] Edit. by Sparke, p. 40.
page 259 note [i] X Script. col. 2328.
page 259 note [k] Ibid. col. 934.
page 259 note [l] Ibid. col. 474.
page 259 note [m] Ibid. col. 179.
page 260 note [n] As Canute married queen Emma (according to the Saxon Chronicle) in July 1017, Hardicanute, at the time of his death, might be about 24 years of old; and it should seem from his name that he was of a robust constitution. In Gibson's edition he is said to have died in 1041, but at note (q) it is Corrected 1042, with which date Simeon of Durham's history truly corresponds: for it is agreed that he died on Tuesday June the 8th, and C being the dominical letter in that year, Sunday was the 6th of the month. The latter author with the like minuteness and accuracy relates that the king's collectors of the Danegelt were killed at Worcester 3 non. Maii feria 2, i. e. on Monday May the 4th 1041, and D being the dominical letter that year, the third of May was on a Sunday. The mistake of a year is carried on in the Saxon Chronicler's account of the coronation of Edward the Confessor, which he says was die Paschatis tert. non. April. This however could not be in 1042, but it was so in 1043, when Easter day happened on the third of April. Rapin, Innett, Hume, Smollet, and Henry, have, in their respective Histories of England, mentioned 1041 as the year of the death of Hardicanute.
page 261 note [o] See Milton's History of England, p. 109; and Rapin's History, vol. I. p. 130.
page 261 note [p] Angl. Sacr. v. I. p. 290. Holinshed, upon the authority of some writers, has advanced that Edward was in Normandy when Hardicanute died. Chron. vol. I. p. 168.
page 262 note [q] Cnutone rebus humanis exempto, filiisque ejus immatura morte præreptis, Angli Danico jugo quasi ab Ægyptia servitute liberata, beatum Edwardum in regem elegerunt. Ailredus de vita Edwardi.
page 263 note [r] Vol. LIII. 1783. p. 212. 231. 331.
page 265 note [s] Page 43.
page 266 note [t] Page 413.
page 266 note [u] Dugdale had adopted the general opinion of the Hoketyde's being a celebration of the massacre of the Danes by Etheldred, for thus he expresses himself, “ that there might nothing be wanting that these parts could afford, hither came “the Coventree men, and acted the ancient play long since used in that city “called Hocks Tuesday, setting forth the destruction of the Danes in king Etheldred's “time, with which the queen was so well pleased, that she gave them a “brace of bucks and five marks.” Warw. first edition, p. 116. In the enquiry into the authenticity of Rowley's poems, p. 35, Mr. Warton has remarked “that representations of religious subjects were only fashionable in the reign of “Edward the Fourth, and that these exclusive of the subject by no means resembled “what we called a play.” The subject of the Hocks Tuesday play must have been historical and civil, and if the words long since used may be carried back a century, the Hocks Tuesday play acted by the men of Coventry will be an exception to the general observation of the ingenious learned writer. A correspondent in the Gentleman's Magazine for 1777, p. 363, is of the same opinion with Mr. Warton, for he thus expresses himself: “At the time when Rowley “is supposed to have written, scarcely the rudest attempts of the drama (none “indeed but those scriptural interludes, termed Mysteries,) had been made.”
page 267 note [w] Dr. Johnson has not inserted the word Hoketyde in his Dictionary.