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XXIV. An historical description of an ancient picture in Windsor-castle, representing the interview between king Henry VIII. and the French king Francis I. between Guînes and Ardres, in the year 1520. By Sir Joseph Ayloffe, Baronet, V.P.A.S. and F.R.S.

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  24 July 2012

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Extract

The numerous remains of Greek and Roman sculpture now extant, afford incontestable proofs that, in early times, a strong passion prevailed amongst the civilized states of Asia and Europe, for perpetuating and transmitting to posterity, durable and faithful representations of their most memorable transactions, as well as of their customs, civil and religious rites, ceremonies, and triumphs. The like inclination afterward spread itself throughout the west, where the people had no sooner rubbed off the rust of barbarism, then they adopted the ideas, customs, manners, and practice of the more polished nations. Our northern ancestors followed the example; and we find, that it was not unusual with them to represent and perpetuate, either in sculpture, painting, or arras, such transactions, pomps, solemnities, and remarkable events, more especially those which happened in their own times, as they conceived to be either redounding to the national honour and the glory of their monarch; or tending to add a lustre to their own characters and the reputation of their families, from the feveral parts they had respectively acted in those affairs.

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Research Article
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Copyright © The Society of Antiquaries of London 1775

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References

page 186 note [a] This manuscript is now in the Library of Thomas Astle, esq.

page 186 note [b] Memoires de l'Academie R. des Sciences, tom. VIII. Monumens de la Monarchie Francoise, tom. IV. Memoires de l'Academie R. des Inscriptions et Belles Lettres, tom. VI. Ducarel's Antiquities, in Append.

page 187 note [c] Bentham's Hist. and Antiq. of the Church of Ely, p. 52, &c. where these carvings are engraved.

page 187 note [d] See Mr. Walpole's Anecdotes of Painting in England.

page 187 note [e] Rot. Claus. 20 Hen. III. m. 12. A° 22. m. 3. A° 29. m. 4. A° 35. m. 5, A° 36. m. 22. A° 44. m. 9. Rot. Liberat. A° 21 Hen. III. m. 5. A° 22. m. 3. A° 44. m. 6. A° 49. m. 7. A° 51. m. 8. & 10.

page 187 note [f] Rot. Liberat. A° 17 Hen. III. m. 6.

page 187 note [g] Ibid.

page 187 note [h] Rot. Claus. A° 35 Hen. III. m. 11.

page 187 note [i] Ibid. m. 10.

page 187 note [k] Rot. Claus. A° 20 Hen. III. m. 12.

page 187 note [l] Rot. Claus. A° 29 Hen. III.

page 188 note [m] The paintings are now lost; but the sculptures, consisting of fourteen elegant compartments, remain on the fascia of the cornice of the wall which separates the Confessor's chapel from the choir. The paintings on the shrine of king Sebert, and those in the press which contain the figures commonly called the ragged regiment, were executed by order of king Henry III.

page 188 note [n] Mr. Walpole's Anecdotes of Painting.

page 188 note [o] This curious and truly valuable MS. is now in the British Museum.

page 188 note [p] Erdswicke's Staffordshire, p. 101. Willis's Cathedrals, vol. I. p. 17.

page 188 note [q] Dugdale's Warwickshire.

page 188 note [r] Harleian Library, N° 1319. This MS. was written and painted by John de la Marque, a French gentleman, who attended King Richard II. from his expedition into Ireland to the time of the delivery of the young Queen to the commissioners her father the French King.

page 189 note [s] Amongst these the following may be reckoned; videlicet, K. Richard II. seated on his throne, and attended by his uncles [1”. John lord Lovel fitting in his great hall, and receiving a book from father John Sifernes [2]. The coronation of king Henry V. [3]. King Henry V. and his family [4]. The consecration of St. Thomas Becket, presented to king Henry V. by his uncle the duke of Bedford [5]. The battle of Agincourt, formerly in the palace at St. James's [6]. The marriage of king Henry VI. and Margaret daughter of Reyner, duke of Anjou [7]. King Edward IV. his queen, eldest son, and the nobility of his court [8]. The landing of Henry duke of Richmond, afterwards king Henry VII. and the marriage of his son Arthur, wrought in tapestry, and sold by order of the parliament after the death of king Charles I. [9]. The battle of Bosworth enamelled on a jewel, usually worn king Henry VIII. and sold among king Charles I's pictures [9]. A grand geographical chart of the kingdom of England, in which the several places wherein any battles had happened between the houses of York and Lancaster were marked [10]. A sea-fight between the French and English off Dover in the year 1, wrought in tapestry, and preserved in the great wardrobe at St. James's [10]. The interview between king Henry VIII. and the emperor Maximilian at Tournay, now in a private apartment in Kensington palace; two pictures, representing the entry of king Henry VIII. into Calais, accompanied by several persons of distinction, painted from the life; and another picture of Henry VIII's interview with the emperor Charles V. at Calais, all which were kept in a gallery at the palace of St. James in the reign of queen Elizabeth [10]. The landing of the emperor Charles V. and his reception at Dover; the interview of Henry VIII. and Francis I.; the siege of Bulloign; the fight between the English and French fleets near Spithead; the procession of King Edward VI. and other historical pieces, at Cowdry, in Sussex, the seat of the viscount Montagu. The battle of the spurs, in the picture gallery at Windsor. The taking of Kinsale by the Spaniards, which hung in the gallery next the playhouse at St. James's palace [10]. Henry VIII. giving a charter of incorporation to the company of Barber-surgeons [11]. Edward VI. delivering to the lord Mayor of London his royal charter, whereby he gave up his royal palace of Bridewell to be converted into an hospital and workhouse [12]. The glorious destruction of the boasted Spanish armada, wrought in tapestry, and now the hangings of the house of lords. A limning of the Spanish Armada, by old Hilliard [13]. A map of all the country about Kinsale, where the Spaniards were beaten [13]; and many others.

[1] In an illuminated copy of Froisart, in the British Museum.

[2] In a missal, ibid.

[3] In alto relievo, on the outside of the wall of the feretry of that king in Westminster abbey.

[4] In possession of the late James West, esq.

[5] In possession of the late James West, esq.

[6] Mandeslo's Voyage to England in the year 1640, vol. IV. p. 617, &c.

[7] Belonging to H. Walpole, esq.

[8] MSS. in the Lambethian library.

[9] Belonging to H. Walpole, esq.

[10] Mandeslo.

[11] At Barbers Hall.

[12] In the great hall at Bridewell.

[13] Cat. of king Charles I's pictures.

page 192 note [t] Rymer's Fœd. tom. XIII. p. 624, &c.

page 192 note [u] Ibid. p. 618, 679, 691.

page 192 note [w] Ibid. Hall's Chron. fol. lxix.

page 193 note [x] Hall's Chron. fol. LXIX. Rymer's Foed. tom. XIII. p. 695.

page 193 note [y] Rymer's Foed. tom. XIII. p. 707.

page 193 note [z] In aliquo loco non fortificato nec munito a limitibus Franciae non longe distante. Conclusio Card. Ebor. apud Rymeri Foed. tom. XIII. p. 707. The line which formed the English pale is not now known; neither doth it appear that any creaty or convention was ever concluded for settling the boundary between the English and French territories in Picardy. Our National Records and historians are silent as to this matter. Abbé Longuerru, in his description de la France, La Martiniere, in his Dictionaire Geographique, and Mons Lefebure, in his Histoire de Calais, do not afford the least information; and the French historians are equally defective. On a late application to the Count de Guîgnes, he, in the most obliging manner, directed, that every possible enquiry should be made in the French depôt, and elsewhere, for papers which might explain and ascertain that matter. This was accordingly done, but without the wished-for success. A manuscript in the Harleian Library, N° 3380, may perhaps help us in forming some idea of the limits. It is intituled Lands rental, and contains a terrier of the several fiefs, lands, and possessions, belonging to the crown of England, as well within the comté of Guînes, as in the town and marches of Calais, compiled at the command of King Edward VI. by Sir Richard Colton, Comptroller of the Houshold, Sir Anthony St. Leger, Knight of the Garter, and Thomas Mildmay, Esq; commissioners appointed for that purpose; who, for their greater certainty, called before them the several tenants of the crown, examined them on oath, and strictly perused their original grants.

page 194 note [a] Ibid. and Memoires du Bellai.

page 194 note [b] Rymer's Foed. tom. XIII. p. 706. Herbert's Life of Henry VIII. p. 95. Hall's Chron. fol. LXX. Holinshed's Chron. Segar's Honor Civil and Military. Fiddes's Life of Cardinal Wolsey.

page 194 note [c] Rymer's Foed. tom. XIII. Fiddes and Hall's Chron. Dr. Ducarel, in his Anglo-Norman Antiquities, hath printed, from a manuscript in the Lambeth Library, a list of the attendants on Henry and his queen, differing in several names from the list published by Rymer, and further containing the number of the respective retainers, servants, and horses, allotted to each of the attendants.

page 194 note [d] According to Hall's Chron. the aiders on the English side were; the Duke of Suffolk—the Marquis of Dorset—Sir William Kingston—Sir Richard Gerningham—Sir Giles Capel—Mr. Nicholas Carew—and Sir Anthony Knevet. And those of the French party were—the Duke de Vendosme—Le Counte de Saint Pol.—Mons. Cavaan—Mons. Bukkal—Mons. Montmoranci – Mons. de Roche—and Mons. Brion. Du Bellai and Lefebure have given us a different list.

page 195 note [e] Hall, in his Chron. f. lxxv. says “He were muchwise that could have told or shewed of the riches of apparel that was amongst the lords and gentlemen of England —Cloth of gold—cloth of silver—velvettes—tinsins—sattins embroidered—and crimson sattins.—The marvellous threfor of golde that was worne in chaynes and baudericks so great, so weighty, some so manifolde, some in collars of SS. great, that the golde was innumerable to my deeming to be summed of all noblemen, gentlemen, squires, knights; and every honest officer of the king was richly appareled, and had chaynes of golde, great, and marvellous weightie. What should be sayd? Surely emongest the Englishmen lacked no riches nor beautifull apparell array”.—The English Ladies wore habits made according to the French mode, whereby, as Polydore Vergil observes, they lost on the side of modesty more then they gained in point of grace; and, in regard to dress, they allowed themselves to be inferior to the Ladies of the French court. However, Mons. le Mareshal de Fleurenges very candidly acknowledges, that, amidst the great excess of expence in both courts, it was universally allowed, that, although the French distinguished themselves by a superiority in magnificence, yet the English far exceeded them in taste. Mem. de M. de Fleurenges.—Many of the English nobility, and particularly Edward Duke of Buckingham, expressed their dislike of the whole of this useless parade, as they called it; but Henry's will was not to be opposed.— Gallard, Hist. de Francis l. tom. II. part 2. p. 83. Herbert, Hist. of Henry VIII. p. 97. Dugdale's Baron. vol. I. p. 170.

page 196 note [f] Memoires de Mons. du Bellai, vol. VII. p. 319, &c.

page 196 note [g] Shakespeare, in the first scene of the play of Henry VIII, introduces the Duke of Norfolk giving a most pompous description of this interview to the Duke of Buckingham, who there exclaims,

——O many

Have broke thier backs with laying manors on 'em

For this great journey.

Norfolk. ——Men might say,

Till this time pomp was single, but now marry'd

To one above itself—each following day

Became the next day's master, till the last

Made former wonders, its.—To-day the French

All clinquant, all in gold, like heathen gods

Shone down the English; and to-morrow they

Made Britain India: every man that stood,

Shew'd like a mine. Their dwarfish pages were

As cherubims, all gilt; the madams too,

Not us'd to toil, did almost sweat to bear

The pride upon them; that their very labour

Was to them as a painting. Now this mask

Was cry'd incomparable; and th' ensuing night

Made it a fool and beggar—The two kings,

Equal in lustre, were now best, now worst,

As presence did present them; him in eye,

Still him in praise; and being present both,

'Twas said, they saw but one, and no discerner

Durst wag his tongue in censure. When these suns,

For so they phrase 'em, by their heralds challeng'd

The noble spirits to arms, they did perform

Beyond thought's compass; that old fabulous story,

Being now seen possible enough, got credit;

That Bevis was believ'd.

page 197 note [h] In the same scene, the Duke of Norfolk describes them thus:

— — 'Twixt Guînes and Ardre,

I was then present, saw 'em salute on horseback,

Beheld them when they lighted, how they clung

In their embracement, as they grew together;

Which had they, what four thron'd ones could have weigh'd

Such a compounded one ?

page 198 note [i] Several of these narratives were bound up in a large volume. which was afterwards deposited in the Cottonian library, Caligula, D. VI; but that volume, together with many others, perished in the fire which happened in that noble collection of manuscripts.

page 198 note [k] He was a Mareschal of France, and died in the year 1537. His Memoirs are likewise printed at the end of those of Mons. du Bellai, published by M. Lambert, in 1753, in seven vols. 12mo. A somewhat different account of this interview is also printed in Le Ceremonial François, tom. II, p. 736.

page 199 note [l] The strictest enquiry hath been made; but no other sculpture, or any picture, illumination, drawing, or print, of this interview, hath been found in France. Neither is there to be met with in the Libraries of that kingdom any manuscript account or description of that ceremony, except those mentioned in this dissertation.

page 199 note [m] Monumens de la Mon. Fran. tom. IV. and Anglo-Norman Antiq.

page 200 note [n] Guînes in Picardy stands at the north end of a morass on the left hand of the road leading from Calais to Bouloign, and is two leagues distant from the sea, and north-west from Ardres. This town gave name to the Comté wherein it is situate, and of which Ardres, Auderwic, Bredenarde, Sangate, Tournebems, and the port of Wissan, are dependencies. The Comté contains twelve peerdoms, and as many baronies [1]. The latter are, Ardres, Fiennes, Licques, Laval, Besingham, Cresceques, Courtebonne, erected into a marquisate in favour of Charles de Colonné, in the year 1671 [2]. Hames, Zelthum, Hermelingham, La motte d'Ardres, and Alembon en Surques. The former are Perrier, Surques, Fouquesolles, Bouvelinghem, Recques, Lotbarnes, Auringhes, Nicelles les Ardres, Compaignes, Asquingoul, Ecclemy, and la Haye.

At what time the town of Guînes was founded is now unknown, but its origin was doubtless very ancient; since we find that Valbert, son of Agnetic, prime minister to Thierry, king of Burgundy and Austrasia, was possessed of it [3]; as was also his brother and successor, Saint Faron. From that time we have no account of the Lords of Guînes and its dependencies, till Lideric, the first earl or forester of Flanders, annexed it to his dominions, and in his family it continued, till Arnold the Bald or the Great ceded it to Sifrid, from whom the first Counts of Gunînes were descended [4]. This Sifrid coming to the assistance of Arnold against William Earl of Ponthien, seized upon Guînes and its territories, and fortifying the keep or dungeon, there fixed his residence; Arnold remonstrated in vain against this act of violence, and, not being able to dispossess Sifrid, gave him his daughter Estrude in marriage, and with her confirmed him in his possession of Guînes and its territories, to hold of the Earls of Flanders, by homage. Adolphus, the son of Sifrid and Estrude, afterwards erected it into a Comté. When King Edward III. had made himself master of Calais, he looked upon Guînes as a town of too great importance to be suffered to remain in the hands of the French. Wherefore one John de Lancaster, an archer of the garrison of Calais, marching with a party of men at arms and archers, by licence from the Lord Deputy, assailed and took the garrison in the night of the 21st: of January 1351; and from that time till the reign of Queen Mary Guînes continued in the hands of the English. The Duke of Burgundy besieged it in 1436, but was forced to abandon his enterprise, with the loss of part of his baggage. In April 1514, Francis de Valois, Duke of Angoulême, afterwards Francis I, invested Guînes with 8000 men, and a great train of artillery; but soon after hastily broke up the siege, on receiving advice, that Henry VIII. was coming to its relief. The Duke of Guise having taken Calais, in 1588, besieged Guînes, and took it on the 13th of Jan. after an obstinate resistance made by the governor Lord Gray. A plan of Guînes, taken after the last-mentioned siege, and printed at Rome, by Duchelli, represents it as being nearly square, encompassed on all sides by a large wet ditch, and desended by a rampart of earth, strengthened by freestone parapets. The castle, which stood south of the town, was separated from it by a ditch, similar to that of the town, and communicating with it. This castle was built in form of a pentagon, with five round bastions, and very high curtains. In the middle stood a tower, called la Cuve, which was a square building, fortified without by a strong bulwark, desended by a wet ditch and four towers at sits angles; these fortifications were long since razed, by order of the French court, as intirely useless; the frontier on that side of France being thought sufficiently covered by the neighbouring towns of Ardres and Calais.

[1] Lamberti Hist. Comitum Ard. et Guisn. P. Ludewis Reliquiae Miscellan. p. 381. Lesebure, Hist.de Calais, tom. I. p. 374. tom. II. p. 354.

[2] Bernage, Nobiliare de Picardie.

[3] And. du Chesne, Hist. de la Maison de Guînes, p. 4.

[4] Lamberti Hist. Com. Ard. et Guisn. c. 6.

page 204 note [o] Hall says, “The palays was quadrant; and every quadrant of the same palays “was III C. XXVIII foote longe, of a syse which was in compesse XIII C. and XII foote “aboute:” the whole building, according to Duchesne, was one hundred twenty-eight feet high. The outside was covered with canvas, painted in imitation of free-stone and rubbed brick-work; and the inside was ornamented with curious sculptures. Hall says, that the hallpas and entry of the stairs was ornamented with images in armour wrought in curious work of argentine. The numerous apartments were hung with the richest tapestry, and cloth of gold and silver, paned with green and white silk, being the favourite colours of the house of Tudor. After the interview this sumptuous palace was taken down, and brought back to England. The model of it was for a long time preserved in the royal palace at Greenwich, where Lord Herbert, as he tells us in his History of King Henry VIII, frequently saw it. Du Bellai says, that it appeared to be one of the finest buildings in the world, and that the design of it was taken from the Maison de l'etate, or Exchange, at Calais. Holingshed and Hall are very particular in their description of its apartments.

page 205 note [p] Hall, Du Bellai, &c.

page 205 note [q] Hall, Lesebure, Du Bellai.

page 206 note [r] The Marschal de Florenge says, that the liquors which ran from these conduits during the whole time of the interview were red wine, ypocras, and water. Mons. Peiresc tells us, that the one discharged malmsey, and the other claret. And Hall's words are— “the conduyctes renne to all people, with red, white, and “claret wine.”

page 206 note [s] Hall, in his Chronicle fol. LXXIII. speaking of this conduit, says, “that on “its head was written, in letters of Romayn, in golde, FAITE BONNE CHERE “QUY VOULDRA.” This inscription is omitted by our painter, the smallness of his scale not permitting him to introduce it.

page 207 note [t] His words are, “On the other hande or syde of the gate, was set a pyller, “which was of auncient Romayne worke, borne with iiii Lyons of golde, the “pyller wrapped in a wrethe of golde curioisly wroughte and intrayled, and on “the sommet of the sayde pyller stode an image of the blynde god Cupide with “his bowe and arrowes of love, redy, by his semyng, to stryke the younge “people to love.”

page 208 note [u] “Gentlemen, Squires, Knights, and Barons, rode before the King, and “Bishops also.” Hall's Chron.

page 209 note [x] He is so called in the Patent of the office of Garter. See Rot. Pat. 1 Henry VIII. p. 2. m. 19.

page 209 note [y] Vredius de Sigillis Com. Fland. Montfaucon, Monumens de la Mon. Fran. Sandford, Gen. Hist. Spelmanni Aspilogia.

page 210 note [z] Monumens de la Monarch. Fran. tom. IV.

page 210 note [a] Sandford's Genealog. Hist.

page 210 note [b] The gold lace intermixed with stripes of blue velvet, as now used, was not assigned as a trimming to their uniform until a long time after the reign of Henry VIII. when they were likewise allowed to wear the shoulder-belt.

page 211 note [c] “The courser which his Grace roade on was trapped in a marveilous vesture “of a newe devised fashion, the trapper was of fine golde in bullion curiously “wroughte, pounced and sette with anticke worke of Romayne figures,”—Hall's Chron. fol. LXXVI. Du Bellai says, it was a Spanish Genet.

page 211 note [d] “His Grace was apparelled in a garment of clothe of silver, of damaske ribbed “with clothe of golde, so thicke as mighte bee. The garment was large, and “plited very thicke, and canteled of very good intaile, of suche shape and makyng “that it was marveilous to behold.”—Hall, ibid.

page 211 note [e] This is that inestimable great Collar of ballast Rubies, as it was Called, which by order of King Charles I, was sold beyond the seas by the Duke of Buckingham and Lord Holland.—See in Rymer's Foedera, vol. XVIII. p. 236. the warrant directing the delivery of this Collar to those noblemen, which collar is there said to be of great value, and had long continued, as it were, in a continual descent, for many years together, with the crown of England.—This Collar likewise appears on several pictures of Henry VIII, and on a medal of him in Evelyn. See Walpole's Anecdotes of Painting in England, vol. II. p. 66.

page 212 note [f] —— “attendyng on the kinges grace of Englande, was the master of the “horse, by name Sir Henry Guylford, leadyng the kinges spare horse, the whiche “horse was tarpped in a mantelet front and backe piece, all of fine golde in scisers “of devise, with tasselles on cordelles pendaunt. The sadell was of the same “sute and woorke, so was the hedde-stall laid raynes.“—Hall's Chron. The painter hath unluckily omitted to represent them in the picture.

page 213 note [g] Quaere, if not George Nevil Lord Abergavenny, and George Talbot, Earl of Shrewsbury, Lord Steward, who, as Hall hath it? “rode with the king.”

page 213 note [h] “The Dukes, Marques, and Erles, gave attendance next to the King.” Hall.

page 214 note [i] When the King came to the bank of Ardern, then every gentleman, as they rode, took his place, and stood still, side by side, their regard or face to wards the vale. Hall.

page 215 note [k] Henry VII. on his arrival at London, offered up his banner in the church of St. Paul, as a trophy of his victory. In commemoration whereof he instituted the office of Rouge Dragon Pursuivant. The like banner is on his tomb in Westminster Abbey.

page 215 note [l] Florenge says, that the Cardinal and the Chancellor Du Prat were in the tent. But all the English Historians agree, that the two Kings were alone.

page 216 note [m] See the map prefixed to the second vol. of Lefebure's Hist. de la Ville de Calais.

page 216 note [n] Fol. LXXIX.

page 217 note [o] Hall, ibid.

page 217 note [p] The town of Ardres stands within the Comté of Guînes, and is about three leagues fouth-east from Calais. It was originally founded in the year 1069, by Arnold de Salve, who, having married to his first wife Adella de Salvesse or Salvasse, Lady of Ardres, and widow of Herebert de Fiennes, pulled down her castle of Salvasse, and removing the materials into the plain of Ardres, there built a fortress for himself, and several houses, in order to invite inhabitants to make a settlement at that place. After his wife's death, by permission of his Lord Paramount, the Count de Guînes, he granted several franchises to the new comers, built the parish church, and founded therein fix secular canons; In 1093, he walled round and fortified the town, and erected within it a magnificent castle, in form of a labyrinth, which is fully described by Lambert de Ardres, in his History of that place. By the treaty of Bretigny, in 1360, this town, together with the whole Comté of Guînes, was ceded by John King of France to Edward III, King of England. In 1377, it was besieged and taken by the French. In 1522, it was taken by the Flemings, and retaken by the English; and in 1562, the townsmen obtained a confirmation of all privileges and franchises thentofore granted to them by the Counts, their ancient Lords. Since that time it hath constantly belonged to the French, is well fortified, and is one of their chief places of defence on the frontiers next Flanders. Duchesne's Histoire de la Maison de Guînes, p. 80, 88, &c. Lefebure, Histoire de la Ville de Calais, tom. II. p. 351.

page 218 note [q] “For that the town of Guînes was little, and that all the noblemen might “not there be lodged, they set up tents in the field, to the number of twenty eight “hundred sundry lodgings, which was a good fight.” Hall.

page 220 note [q] Fol. LXXIX.

page 221 note [r] Du Bellai says, that the lists had a barrier on the side of the French King, and another on that of Henry. The English archers and captain of Henry's guard kept the French King's side; and the captain of the French King's guards, his archers, and the Swiss, kept the English King's side; and suffered none to enter but the combatants.

page 221 note [s] The habits of Francis I's guards are thus represented by Father Montfaucon, at the end of his fourth volume of Monumens de la Monarchie Françoise; and that the Salamander was the symbol of that king is evident, not only from the relation of the French writers of his time, but by the figure of it, which we see carved in several parts of the castles built by him, as well as stampt on his coin, several pieces of which are described in Le Traité Historique des Monnoies de France, par le Oslave. Father Daniel and others affirm, that Charles Count Angouleme, father of Francis, had assumed this symbol; but that the devise, Nuirisco et extinguo, was added by Francis. Montfaucon hath engraved in his fourth vol. a medal of Francis I, with this legend, Francis Duc de Valois, Comté d' Angoulême, au dixieme an de son age. On the reverse a salamander in the fire, with a legend in Italian; the meaning whereof is, “I nourish the good, and extinguish the guilty.”

page 222 note [t] The leaves of this artificial tree are said to have been made of green damask, the branches, boughs, and withered leaves, of cloth of gold, and the flowers and fruits of silver and Venice gold. In this manner they undoubtedly were represented by the painter; but the foliage and branches, as also most of the shields of arms, have been miserably defaced by the unskilfulness of some person formerly entrusted with the cleaning of the picture, so that little more than their out-lines remain. Henry's shield, suspended by a red ribbon, and some few others, are however visible.

page 222 note [u] Sandford's Genealog. Hist.

page 222 note [x] Larrey, in his History, tom. II. p. 139. says, that on the 11th day of the interview the two Kings entered the lists, and tilted against each other: That each of them broke several spears, but without its being possible to determine which of them had the advantage. Our Historians do not mention this circumstance; but there is, at Lord Montague's, at Cowdry, in Sussex, a small picture, exquisitely well painted, in which Henry and Francis, each in compleat armour, with their regal crowns on their helmets, and mounted on horses, fully harnessed, are represented at the tilt with each other.

page 223 note [y] Modii Pandectae Triumphales. Segar's Honor Civil and Military. Traité de Chevalerie; La vrai Theatre d'Honn. et de Chev. &c.

page 223 note [z] - - - - - Ordinamus et dcclaramus quod locus ubi dictus armorum congressus fiat et strenuitatis experimentum capietur, deputabitur inter Ardre et Guines per commissarios hincinde deputandos assignandos, Rymer's Foedera, vol. xiv.

page 224 note [a] Monumens de la Monarchie Francoise, tom. IV.

page 226 note [b] Rot. Claus. de eodem anno. Dart's Antiq. of Westim. Abbey, vol. I. p. 26.

page 227 note [c] Anecdotes of Painting in England, vol. I. p. 57.