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VII.—Irish Brooches of Five Centuries

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 November 2011

Reginald A. Smith
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Extract

A number of ancient brooches on the penannular principle is to be seen in the British Museum and the National Museum of Antiquities at Edinburgh, as well as in the National Museum at Dublin, where most are naturally preserved, as the type is predominantly Irish. It is not surprising to find that the ends of the hoop are frequently joined, thus rendering the ordinary name in a strict sense inapplicable, but it will be convenient to include as penannular those, generally of the middle period, that have evidently been developed from the standard pattern but have a different arrangement of the pin owing to the fusion of the terminals. The penannular group of brooches includes specimens which, if considered apart, would hardly betray any common features; but the existence of many intermediate stages renders a logical and chronological sequence possible, and an attempt will be made to give some degree of precision in place of the unsupported guesses of the past.

Type
Research Article
Information
Archaeologia , Volume 65 , 1914 , pp. 223 - 250
Copyright
Copyright © The Society of Antiquaries of London 1914

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References

page 223 note 1 Illustrated Archaeologist, 1894, 162Google Scholar ; Reliquary and Illustrated Archaeologist, x, 15Google Scholar.

page 223 note 2 Mrs. Rivett Carnac illustrates several in Journal of Indian, Art, July, 1913.Google ScholarPubMed

page 224 note 1 An example is figured in the Wroxeter Report, 1912, pl. x, fig. 9, p. 29Google Scholar, the coils that form the actual knobs suggesting the writhen knobs frequently found in the Roman period.

page 226 note 1 Archaeologia, lv, 210, 213, pl. ix, fig. 5 (grave LXXIV).Google Scholar

page 226 note 2 Akerman, , Pagan Saxondom, pl. xviii, fig. 4Google Scholar; V.C. H. Leics., i, 222Google Scholar.

page 227 note 1 e.g. R. I. A. Christian Guide, figs. 25, 27.

page 227 note 2 Ibid., figs. 21, 22.

page 228 note 1 Arch. Journ., xxx, 184 (probably seventh century).Google Scholar

page 228 note 2 Proceedings, xx, 352Google Scholar; Oscari Montelio, 287, fig. 15; Proc. Soc. Antiq. Scot., xviii, 244, fig. 10Google Scholar.

page 230 note 1 Reproduced in Dr. Anderson's, Scotland in Early Christian Times, 2nd ser., 31, fig. 23.Google Scholar

page 231 note 1 R. I. A. Christian Guide, fig. 30.

page 231 note 2 Well seen in Allen's, J. R.Celtic Art, p. 228 (lower figure), and p. 226 (upper figure).Google Scholar

page 232 note 1 Journ. Kilkenny Arch. Soc, 4th ser, iii, 158Google Scholar : it may be assigned to the late eighth century.

page 232 note 2 Allen's, J. R.Celtic Art, p. 226 (plate).Google Scholar

page 232 note 3 Anderson, , Scotland in Early Christian Times, 2nd ser., p. 14, fig. 9.Google Scholar

page 234 note 1 Översigt över den nordiska Forntidens perioder, 31, fig. 42.

page 235 note 1 Three birds overlook the centre of the fused terminals on the finest brooch found in the Ardagh chalice (pl. xxvii, fig. 1). The Galway specimen is also mentioned, and Lord Dunraven refers to another found in the north of Scotland ( Arch. Journ., xxvi, 293).Google Scholar

page 236 note 1 Arch. Journ., iv, 191, fig. 95.Google Scholar

page 237 note 1 R. I. A. Christian Guide, p. 35 (W. 69 & 235), and fig. 47.

page 239 note 1 Proc. Soc. Antiq. Scot., xlviii, 144, figs. 13 and 14, no. 4, and p. 150Google Scholar.

page 239 note 2 Anderson, , Scotland in Early Christian Times, 2nd ser., 24, fig. 20.Google Scholar

page 241 note 1 So called from the resemblance of its terminals to the fruit of the arbutus or strawberry-tree (Arbutus unedo).

page 241 note 2 Cf. the pair from Santon, Norfolk, in the British Museum (V. C. H. Norfolk, i, 347, fig. 12Google Scholar).

page 242 note 1 The ring enclosing a quatrefoil in the same position on a Scottish brooch (Proc. Soc. Antiq. Scot., xv, 80, fig. 2Google Scholar) seems to mark a further stage of degradation. The brooch has one central boss, and a fringe of smaller studs on each terminal.

page 243 note 1 R.I. A. Christian Guide, 40, pis. v-vii, figs. 48,49. Plate xxvii and figs. 3, 7, and 14 of the present paper are reproduced by permission of the Council of the Royal Irish Academy, through the good offices of our Fellow Mr. Armstrong, to whom I am also indebted for many details of Irish brooches.

page 244 note 1 Proceedings, xxi, 69Google Scholar.