^{page 129 note 1} Not all the Civil War fortified posts have been marked on this map.

^{page 129 note 2} The writer is indebted to Mr. C. A. Ralegh Radford, F.S.A., for contributing this section and for much help with the rest of the paper.

^{page 130 1} Domesday Devonshire, i, 108 (Record Commission).

^{page 130 note 2} Rotuli Hundredorum, i, 83 (Record Commission).

^{page 130 note 3} Ibid., 90.

^{page 130 note 4} Cal. Pat. Rolls, 1301–7, 416 (nth February 1306).

^{page 130 note 5} Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, ii, 141 (Rolls Series). Cf. Hoveden, i, 95 (Rolls Series).

^{page 130 note 6} Hoveden, iii, 42 (Rolls Series).

^{page 130 note 7} Devonshire Association, Parochial History No. 5, Dartmouth, 353 (cited hereafter as Dartmouth).

^{page 130 note 8} Domesday Devonshire, i, 112 (Record Commission).

^{page 130 note 9} Red Book of the Exchequer, i, 219 (Rolls Series).

^{page 130 note 10} Dartmouth, 13.

^{page 130 note 11} Before 1316, Feudal Aids, i, 379.

^{page 130 note 12} Cal. Close Rolls, 1327–30,117 (6th May 1327).

^{page 130 note 13} Dartmouth, vi.

^{page 130 note 14} MS. at Dartmouth. Translation in Dartmouth, 38 ff.

^{page 132 note 1} English Place Name Society, viii, 321.

^{page 132 note 2} This is clear from the thirteenth-century documents (Dartmouth, pp. 4 ff.), where grants in Clifton are made by the lords of both manors.

^{page 132 note 3} Cal. Pat. Rolls, 1461–7, 307; Dartmouth, 155 (4th March 1485) refers only to an inspeximus.

^{page 132 note 4} Dev. Assoc. Trans., xii, 575.

^{page 132 note 5} Domesday Devonshire, i, 112 (Record Commission).

^{page 132 note 6} Red Book of the Exchequer, i, 219 (Rolls Series).

^{page 132 note 7} Pole, Collectanea, no. 169 (Devon and Cornwall Record Society, no. 74).

^{page 132 note 8} Grandisson, Register, 653 (ed. Hingeston-Randolph).

^{page 132 note 9} Cal. Pat. Rolls, 1343–5, 365.

^{page 133 note 1} Rymer's Foedera (Caley and Holbrook), 1821, II, ii, 951.

^{page 133 note 2} C. W. Bracken, History of Plymouth, 45 ff. (Castel Quadrante).

^{page 133 note 3} Lysons, Magna Britannia, vi, opp. p. 154. The existing tower of St. Petrock's Church must have been there at the time, but it is not certain which it is on this map. There are other difficulties in reconciling the map with the remains and the ground, but it is invaluable for giving a general impression of the structure.

^{page 135 note 1} Col. Pat. Rolls, 1374–7, 32.

^{page 135 note 2} Ibid., 486.

^{page 135 note 3} Ibid., 1381–5, 83.

^{page 135 note 4} Ibid., 1405–8,152.

^{page 135 note 5} Chronique de St. Denys, iii, 170–8, and Dev. Assoc. Trans., xii, 576.

^{page 135 note 6} viii, 543 (Rolls Series, no. 41) and Dev. Assoc. Trans., loc. cit. The name Fosse Street in Dartmouth is suggestive of this account and plans of 1559 and 1619 (Dartmouth, pls. I and II) agree in showing a ditch on this line. It must, however, have been made when the dam was built to form the mill pool above. Mr. H. R. Watkin has told the writer that in his opinion the landing of 1404 probably took place at Blackpool.

^{page 136 note 1} The first reference to him in the Patent Rolls is in 1381.

^{page 136 note 2} Dev. Assoc. Trans., xliii, 360.

^{page 136 note 3} Cal. Pat. Rolls, 1401–5, 50.

^{page 136 note 4} Ibid., 219.

^{page 136 note 5} Ibid., 1461–7, 75.

^{page 136 note 6} Ibid., 307.

^{page 137 note 1} Cal. Pat. Rolls, 1476–85, 251.

^{page 137 note 2} Dev. Assoc. Trans., xliii, 128; Cal. Pat. Rolls, 1476–85, 458.

^{page 137 note 3} Cal. Pat. Rolls, 1485–94, III.

^{page 138 note 1} See above, p. 134.

^{page 141 note 1} Attributed to Edward IV's reign.

^{page 141 note 2} Not earlier than 1460, Trans. Glasgow Arch. Soc, New Series VIII, iv, Suppl., 49.

^{page 141 note 3} Personal observations of the gatehouse.

^{page 141 note 4} The account book, now in the British Museum, details expenses between 22nd October 1480 and 6th December 1484.

^{page 142 note 1} Dev. Assoc. Trans., xliii, 145.

^{page 142 note 2} ed. L. T. Smith, i, 221.

^{page 142 note 3} Dev. Assoc. Trans., xliii, 143.

^{page 142 note 4} From a photograph only; not visited by the writer.

^{page 143 note 1} Reproduced by the Society, Historical Print no. 3; see also S. R. Gardiner's A Students History of England, ii, 370.

^{page 143 note 2} The Blockhouses of Kingston-upon-Hull and who went there (J. H. Hirst, 1913).

^{page 143 note 3} Letters and Papers, For. and Dom. 1519–23, 997.

^{page 143 note 4} Ibid., 1539,173, 330,340. It is likely that the great map or ‘plate’ of the south-west coast (cited here as ‘Henry VIII map’) is a product of this commission.

^{page 143 note 5} Ibid., 1540, 221.

^{page 144 note 1} Dev. Assoc. Trans., xliii, 144.

^{page 144 note 2} Cal. State Pap. Dom., 1581–90,131–2, 139.

^{page 144 note 3} Ibid., 651.

^{page 144 note 4} Examined by the writer by the kind permission of the Town Clerk. This and many other documents relating to the town are preserved in the Guildhall at Dartmouth. The pre-Reformation documents have recently been examined afresh by Mr. H. R. Watkin and form the basis of the Parochial History, here cited as Dartmouth.

^{page 144 note 5} Cal. State Pap. Dom., 1598–1601, 178.

^{page 145 note 1} Later, however, this fort was certainly in the form of a large circular tower and was visible as such in 1822. Its site is now uncertain, although it may exist under the house known as ‘The Wilderness’. The O.S. map marks it under another house ‘Ravensbury’, but nothing is visible there now.

^{page 145 note 2} Cal. State Pap. Dom., 1625–6, 389.

^{page 145 note 3} Ibid., 1627–8, 83.

^{page 146 note 1} Cal. State Pap. Dom., 1625–49, add. vol., 217.

^{page 146 note 2} Ibid., 1627–8, 342.

^{page 146 note 3} Ibid., 1628–9, 225.

^{page 146 note 4} They may be compared in date with Landguard Fort in Suffolk (p. 147, note 5).

^{page 147 note 1} 9th edition (1879), ix, 443 (article, ‘Fortification’).

^{page 147 note 2} Official Guide, Carisbrooke Castle, H.M. Office of Works, publ. H.M. Stationery Office.

^{page 147 note 3} Official Guide, St. Mawes Castle and Pendennis Castle, plan facing p. 16.

^{page 147 note 4} N. V. L. Rybot, The Islet of St. Helier and Elizabeth Castle, fig. 14.

^{page 147 note 5} J. H. Leslie, The History of Landguard Fort in Suffolk, pp. 13–15, and pi. iv.

^{page 148 note 1} Journ. Galway Arch, and Hist. Soc., xvi, figure opp. p. 30.

^{page 148 note 2} War Department plans now in the P.R.O.

^{page 148 note 3} Document No. 3070: ‘Disbursements by the Town for the Parliament 1642’.

^{page 149 note 1} Cal. of the Committee for Advance of Money, 1642–56, ii, 844.

^{page 149 note 2} Cal. State Pap. Dom. 1641–3, 507.

^{page 149 note 3} Ibid., 1644, 342. For the oath compare the case of Andrew Voysey, a staunch Parliamentarian, in Cal. of the Committee for Advance of Money, 1642–56, i, 566.

^{page 149 note 4} Cal. State Pap. Dom., 1644, 558, 78.

^{page 149 note 5} Ibid., 1644–5, 466

^{page 149 note 6} Ibid., 469.

^{page 149 note 7} Ibid., 1645–7, 41.

^{page 149 note 1} Cal. State. Pap. Dom., 1625–49, add. vol., 673.

^{page 149 note 2} Ibid., 1645–7,153.

^{page 149 note 3} Ibid., 321.

^{page 149 note 4} 1647, 168 ff.

^{page 149 note 5} Cal. State Pap. Dom., 1650, 60.

^{page 149 note 6} Ibid., 144.

^{page 149 note 7} The annuity was, however, still paid in 1700 in accordance with the patent of Henry VII, see Cal. Treasury Books, xv, 273 (£40 per an.) and 301 (£230 for 5¾ years to Christmas 1698).

^{page 149 note 8} Cal. State Pap. Dom., 1650, 86, 269.

^{page 149 note 9} Ibid., 1661–2, 317.

^{page 151 note 1} Cal. State Pap. Dom. 20.

^{page 151 note 2} Ibid., 1667, 279 and 280.

^{page 151 note 3} Ibid., 318.

^{page 151 note 4} Ibid., 1671–2, 186.

^{page 151 note 5} Ibid., 1676–7, 531. This garrison is exactly the same as that specified in 1662.

^{page 151 note 6} The history of the governors henceforward is given more fully in the Appendix. Roope was appointed on 8th July (S. P. Dom. Entry Books, vol. 165, p. 354), but a certain George Courtenay had already been appointed on the previous 1st May (ibid., 343).

^{page 151 note 7} In 1700 the weekly subsistence of the garrison was £1 11s. 6d. (Cal. Treasury Books, xiv, 415). There was also an order to pay £100 10s. 0d. to Roope for fire and candles for the said garrison from July 1, 1689 to Dec. 31, 1694, at 12d. a day (ibid., x, 948), and on July 24, 1695, he petitioned for repayment of £200 expended by him in guarding the coast when the French fleet lay at Torbay (ibid., 1167).

^{page 151 note 8} Ibid., 1703–4, 378.

^{page 151 note 9} S. P. Dom. Entry Books, vol. 178, p. 183.

^{page 151 note 10} Ibid., vol. 180, p. 316.

^{page 151 note 11} Ibid., vol. 179, p. 281.

^{page 151 note 12} Ibid., vol. 187, p. 274.

^{page 151 note 13} Ibid., p. 287.

^{page 151 note 1} The following Fort Majors have been traced: Thomas Newman, Esq.; Nathaniel Terry, Sen., Esq., appointed 9th November 1723 (S. P. Dom. Entry Books, vol. 178, p. 407); Arthur Holdsworth, Gent., appointed 25th December 1725 (ibid., vol. 179, p. 77); Henry Vaughan, Gent., appointed 25th July 1753 (ibid., vol. 187, p. 287); Thomas Armstrong, Gent., appointed 6th April 1770 (ibid., vol. 194, p. 302); Marshall Wright, Gent., appointed 23rd January 1779 (ibid., 396). For all the references to S. P. Dom. Entry Books the writer is indebted to Mr. A. J. Taylor.