^{page 102 note 1} I was involved in the work as resident archaeologist at the minster and wish to thank the chairman of the Archaeological Advisory Committee and the secretary of the Royal Commission on Historical Monuments for permission to publish. Dr. Eric Gee and Mr. John Harvey undertook the work of organizing the expert help, whilst Mr. J. E. Williams made an immediate and accurate facsimile of the painting. Photography was done by Mr. J. Bassham of the Royal Commission staff,

^{page 104 note 1} Reg. Gray, pp. 160–2.

^{page 104 note 2} Ibid. pp. 47–8.

^{page 104 note 3} Ibid. p. 191.

^{page 104 note 4} Cal. Close Rolls, 1231–4, p. 238. This may refer to the chapel of his palace.

^{page 104 note 5} Reg. Gray, pp. 190–1.

^{page 104 note 6} Historians of the Church of York, R.S. ii, 402.

^{page 104 note 7} I owe this reversal of the usually given order of the building of the transepts to J. H. Harvey, who confirms that stylistically the north transept looks a little earlier in detail than the south.

^{page 104 note 8} Architectural History of York Cathedral, p. 20.

^{page 104 note 9} Y.A.J. xli (pt. 163), 365.

^{page 105 note 1} J. Browne, History of the Metropolitan Church of St. Peter, York, p. 20; Raine, Historians of the Church at York, R.S. ii, 279–80.

^{page 105 note 2} Reg. Gray, 1 and 10; Raine, Fabric Rolls, pp. 146–50.

^{page 105 note 3} In 1245 Lawrence the Archdeacon was buried ‘in ingressu magni ostii majoris ecclesiae’ and it is clear from the position of his chantry that this refers to the entrance in the south transept: Hist. Church of York, iii, 165–7; York Minster Fasti, i, 34–5.

^{page 105 note 4} Cal. Lib. Rolls, 1240–5, pp. 254, 256.

^{page 105 note 5} Historians of the Church at York, R.S. ii, 409. For his great wealth see Matthew Paris, Chronica Majora, R.S. v, 534–5.

^{page 105 note 6} Historians of the Church at York, R.S. iii, 138. B. Barr, Minster Librarian, identified the position of the altar on the placing by Torre (199, no. 2, with 169) of the tomb of John Shelford who asked to be buried in front of the altar.

^{page 105 note 7} Dixon and Raine, Fasti Eboracenses, p. 287.

^{page 105 note 8} It is interesting that Simon de Langton whom the chapter wished to elect as archbishop had used the same expression in 1206 when opposing successfully Ralph Neville's candidacy for the archbishopric of Canterbury,

^{page 106 note 1} Pipe Roll 12 John, ed. C. F. Slade (1951), p. 177.

^{page 106 note 2} St. Edmund of Abingdon (i960), pp. 115–16.

^{page 107 note 1} There is a vivid account of this in the York Breviary paraphrased by Dixon and Raine, Fasti Eboracenses, p. 228; Raine, Historians of the Church at York, R.S. ii, 545.

^{page 108 note 1} Raine, Fabric Rolls, pp. 213, 215, 232.

^{page 109 note 1} Bishop Bridport died in 1262 (D.N.B.). His tomb is illustrated in Crossley, F. H., English Church Monuments, 1150–1550 (London, 1921), p. 49Google Scholar.

^{page 109 note 2} Bishop Aigueblanche died in 1268 (D.N.B.). His tomb is illustrated in R.C.H.M. Herefordshire, vol. i, pl. 138.

^{page 109 note 3} York Minster Library L. 1 (7), p. 200.

^{page 109 note 4} Drake, F., Eboracum, or the History and Antiquities of the City of York (London, 1736), p. 427Google Scholar.

^{page 112 note 1} Browne, J., The History of the Metropolitan Church of St. Peter, York (London, 1847Google Scholar).

^{page 112 note 2} The Revd.Willis, R., ‘The Architectural History of York Cathedral’, in Proceedings of the Meeting of the Archaeological Institute …at York, 1846 (London, 1848)Google Scholar.

^{page 112 note 3} Browne, op. cit., p. 57.

^{page 112 note 4} Britton, J., The History and Antiquities of the Metropolitical Church at York (London, 1836), p. 59Google Scholar.

^{page 112 note 5} Hargrove, W., History and Description of the Ancient City of York (3 vols., York, 1818), vol. ii, 88Google Scholar.

^{page 112 note 6} Poole, G. A. and Hugall, J. W., An Historical and Descriptive Guide to York Cathedral and its Antiquities (York, 1850), p. 160Google Scholar.

^{page 112 note 7} Addleshaw, G. W. O., ‘Architects, Sculptors, Painters, Craftsmen, 1560–1960 in York Minster’, in Architectural History, vol. 10 (1967)Google Scholar.

^{page 112 note 8} Ibid.

^{page 113 note 1} Illustrated in Crossley, op. cit., p. 188.

^{page 113 note 2} Illustrated in Gardner, A., English Medieval Sculpture (Cambridge, 1951)Google Scholar, figs. 290, 291.

^{page 114 note 1} Illustrated in Crossley, op. cit., p. 189; Gardner, op. cit., fig. 296.

^{page 114 note 2} Illustrated in Crossley, op. cit., p. 189; Gardner, op. cit., fig. 297.

^{page 120 note 1} See C. O. Skilbeck, The Vestments (Oxford Booklets No. 9, 1920), especially fig. F and pp. 16–21; A Directory of Ceremonial (Alcuin Club Tracts xiii, 4th edn. 1947); and Wallis, J. E. W., The Church Vestments (1925), pp. 12–16Google Scholar.

^{page 120 note 1} Illustrated in H. Stern, Mosaiques de la Gaule, i, Belgique Ouest, pi. XLIX.

^{page 120 note 2} Hearne, Thomas, Adami de Domerham Historia de rebus gestis Glastoniensibus, Abbas Johannes (Oxford, 1727), p. 588Google Scholar. Arrival of King Edward I and Queen Eleanor before Easter for the translation of the bones of King Arthur. ‘Ubi in duabus cistis, imaginibus et armis eorum depictis, ossa dicti Regis, mirae grossitudinis, et Gwunnavae Reginae, mirae pulcritudinis, separatim invenit. Ymago quidem Reginae plene coronata, ymaginis regis corona fuit prostrata ….’, etc.

^{page 120 note 3} Tristram, E. W., English Medieval Wall Paintings, the Twelfth Century (1944), pp. 134–5Google Scholar, and Pls. 64 and 66.

^{page 120 note 4} Millar, E. G., A Thirteenth Century York Psalter (Roxburghe Club, 1952)Google Scholar.

^{page 122 note 1} Salzman, L. F., Building in England down to 1340 (1967), p. 158Google Scholar.

^{page 122 note 2} Ibid., pp. 163, 168, 169.

^{page 122 note 3} Ibid., p. 166.

^{page 123 note 1} Ibid., p. 162.

^{page 126 note 1} Matthew Paris has left drawings of two ‘pontificals’ which belonged to the abbey of St. Albans (British Museum, MS. Cotton, Nero, D i, ff. I46^r and ^v).

^{page 126 note 2} Rolls Series, Magna Vita Sancti Hugonis, p. 339.

^{page 126 note 3} Rolls Series, Matthew Paris Chronica Majora, Additamenta, p. 130.

^{page 126 note 4} e.g. the ring of Bishop Seffrid of Chichester (d. 1204) set with a Gnostic Abraxas gem and that of Bishop Button of Exeter (d. 1307) set with a sapphire intaglio of Cupid and Psyche.

^{page 126 note 5} Oman, Charles, English Church Plate, 1957, p. 299Google Scholar. They are dated 1180–1280.

^{page 127 note 1} pp. 52–3.

^{page 127 note 2} Wilkins, Concilia, p. 623.

^{page 127 note 3} Archaeological Journal, cxix (1964), 197.

^{page 127 note 4} For instances of this practice see The Book of John of Schalby, Canon of Lincoln, 1294–1333, concerning the Bishops of Lincoln and their acts, trans. J. H. Srawley, 1949, P. 10, and Giraldus Cambrensis, Opera, Rolls Series, vii, 202.

^{page 128 note 1} Hope, W. H. St. John, ‘On the tomb of an Archbishop recently opened in the Cathedral Church of Canterbury’, Vetusta Monumenta, vol. vii, pt. i, 1893Google Scholar; Southwell, Canon H. B., A Descriptive Account of Some Fragments of Mediaeval Embroidery found in Worcester Cathedral, 1914Google Scholar.

^{page 128 note 2} Each of these larger bands has, sewn across one of its ends, another band of similar character but much smaller scale (about 3 in. long by in. wide).

^{page 128 note 3} Crowfoot, Grace M., ‘The Tablet-Woven Braids’ in The Relics of St. Cuthbert (C. F. Battiscombe, ed.), 1956, pp. 433–52Google Scholar.

^{page 129 note 1} Gomez-Moreno, Manuel, El Panteon Real de las Huelgas de Burgos, 1946, pp. 82–90Google Scholar, pls. cxiv–cxxxiv.

^{page 129 note 2} Reconstructional drawings made by Miss Howard, after X-rays taken at the British Museum, were of value in the remounting.

^{page 131 note 1} Opus anglicanum exhibition, Victoria and Albert Museum, 1963, nos. 40–2, 45, 46.

^{page 131 note 2} The account of the opening is based on notes made by Dr. E. A. Gee, J. H. Harvey, and myself.

^{page 131 note 3} Dixon, and Raine, , Fasti Eboracenses (1863), p. 299Google Scholar.

^{page 132 note 1} Drake, , Eboracum (1736), p. lxviiGoogle Scholar, shows no cross on the table of the higher tomb; Torre, YML MS. York Minster (1690–1), pp. 199–200, does,

^{page 133 note 1} B. Barr, The Tombs of Archbishops Bovill and Ludham, Friends of York Minster, 41st Annual Report (1969), Canterp. 11, to which paper I am much indebted.

^{page 133 note 2} Raine (ed.), The Historians of the Church of York, R.S. 71, ii (1886), 405–6Google Scholar.

^{page 133 note 3} Survey of Cathedrals of York, etc. (1727), p. 36.

^{page 133 note 4} History of … York (1730), p. 85.

^{page 133 note 5} Eboracum (1736), p. 428.

^{page 133 note 6} Dixon and Raine, op. cit., p. 299; Drake, op. cit., p. 428.

^{page 133 note 7} Op. cit., p. 429.

^{page 133 note 8} Description and History of the … Churches of Canterbury and York (1755), p. 143.

^{page 133 note 9} Op. cit., opp. p. 492, and opp. p. 519.

^{page 133 note 10} Op. cit., p. 429.

^{page 133 note 11} Op. cit., p. lxvii.

^{page 133 note 12} Op. cit., pp. 490 and lxvii.

^{page 133 note 13} Barr, loc. cit., pp. 10–11; Poole, and Hugall, , York Cathedral (1850)Google Scholar, identify the tombs correctly.

^{page 133 note 14} His plan, opp. p. 492, marks all three tombs and the accompanying text, pp. 494–5, identifies all three correctly.

^{page 134 note 1} Raine, , Fabric Rolls of York, Surtees Soc. xxv (1858), 293Google Scholar.

^{page 134 note 2} Browne, History of the Metropolitan Church of York, pp. 71–2.

^{page 134 note 3} Drake, op. cit., plan opp. p. 492.

^{page 134 note 4} Page, Chantry Surveys (1892), i, 79.

^{page 134 note 5} Browne, op. cit., pp. 65, 275.

^{page 134 note 6} Knowles, , The Mediaeval Archbishops of York (1961), p. 10Google Scholar.

^{page 134 note 7} Dixon and Raine, op. cit., p. 300.

^{page 134 note 8} Clay, , York Minster Fasti, i (1958), 7, 15Google Scholar.

^{page 135 note 1} It has always been assumed that the pieces in this hoard were all contemporary with the empress, but this does not seem certain. The stirrup-shaped rings may be considerably later since there appears to be no evidence as to when the hoard was deposited. Heinz Battke, Die Ringsammlung des Berliner Schlossmuseums, 1938, pp. 64–6, pl. iv.

^{page 136 note 1} Their positions were perfectly consonant with Mr. Ramm's impression (see p. 132) that they belonged to the stole; stoles, however, were not weighted, whereas pallia were.

^{page 136 note 2} Joseph Braun, Die liturgische Gewandung, 1907, pp. 620 ff.

^{page 141 note 1} Adipocere, a post-mortem change encouraged by the atmosphere within the coffin of Archbishop de Ludham, is mainly due to hydrolysis of fat, and it occurs in a high proportion of burials in a wide variety of conditions, most involving damp. Its appearance used to give rise to superstition. For instance, it is considered to be the explanation of the long retention of the flesh-like appearance of the body of St. Cuthbert, until, after several openings of his successive tombs and movements of his remains, the adipocere gradually dried and crumbled away. The term ‘adipocere’ is compounded from the fatty waxy appearance when it is first formed.

^{page 146 note 1} Wells, Calvin, Bones, Bodies and Disease (1964)Google Scholar.

^{page 146 note 2} Evans, W. E. D., The Chemistry of Death (1963)Google Scholar.