^{page 10 note a} Will of Tho. Rainborowe, dated 4 December, 1622, as quoted in the will of his wife, Margaret, dated 29 November, 1626, in Archiepisc. Eeg. Cant.

^{page 10 note b} Bayle's Select Works, pp. 449, 525.

^{page 10 note c} Whitelock, p. 148.

^{page 10 note d} Johan van Eeede, Lord of Eenswoude, son of Gerard van Reede, Lord of Nederhorst, by his wife, Machteld van Dirt, born in 1593. In 1611 he was “chanoine,” and in 1620 dean of the chapter of Utrecht. In 1623 he bought the seignieury of Renswoude. He was many times a member of the States General of the United Provinces, and frequently employed in embassies. In 1644 he was despatched with Boreel and Joachimi to England with instructions to mediate between the King and the Parliament. He died in February 1682, leaving eight children by his wife Jacoba.—From information furnished by Dr. M. F. A. G. Campbell, Royal Librarian, the Hague.

^{page 10 note e} These medals were executed in 1645 and 1672. See Medallic History of England, pl. xxiv. 4; Vertue, Medals, &c. by Simon, pl. xxii.; Van Loon, ii. 274, iii. 125. Specimens of both are in the British Museum.

^{page 10 note f} Heralds' Coll. Miscell. Grants, iv. 89.

^{page 11 note a} Row's Roll, 22, 23.

^{page 11 note b} Fraser's Mag. February 1877, p. 169; Proc. Soc. Ant. 2d S. i. 324.

^{page 11 note c} Ed. 1843, chap. xi. 646.

^{page 11 note d} Stat. Pap. Dom. Car. I. vols. cccxxxyii.-cccxxxix.

^{page 11 note e} Stafford's Letters, ii. 129Google Scholar.

^{page 11 note f} Stow's Surrey of London, ed. Strype, 1755, ii. 41.

^{page 11 note g} Com. Jour. ii. 50.

^{page 11 note h} Ibid. ii. 429.

^{page 12 note a} Hist, of Eebellion i. vol. edit. 1843, 646.

^{page 12 note b} Husband's Ord. and Decl. ii. 634.

^{page 12 note c} Com. Jour. iii. 68.

^{page 12 note d} Certaine Informations, 19-26 June, 1643; Com. Jour. iii. 137.

^{page 13 note a} October 24, 1644. Bushworth's Hist. Coll. part. iii. ii. 783.

^{page 13 note b} iii. 302.

^{page 13 note c} Thomas Kettleby was captain of the Swallow, a ship of 160 tons, on the Irish seas before the beginning of the Civil war. He is called admiral of the ships that were “to lie upon the coast of Ireland to annoy the rebels ” in the Parliament's answer to the King's message, August 1642. At the beginning of the troubles he forsook the service of the Parliament, but was captured shortly after by the Earl of Warwick. He was a prisoner, petitioning for his discharge, in April 1647. He was knighted on or before the summer of 1648, when Prince Rupert made him captain of his own ship, the Antelope. Clarendon, i. vol. edit. 1843, 272-676. Eushworth, iv. 777, vi. 449, 450. Hist. MSS. Com. Eep. v. 53, 161, vi. 178 Peacock's Army List of Roundheads and Cavaliers, 2d ed. p. 63, where the name is given as Kettley.

^{page 13 note d} Page 73.

^{page 14 note a} Philip Welby, eldest son of Sir William Welby of Gedney, K. B. by his second wife Susan, daughter of William Fitzwilliam of Mablethorpe, co. Lincoln. Baptized at Gedney, 17th November, 1600; buried there 2nd December, 1658.

^{page 14 note b} Vicars's Jehovah-Jireh, i. 322; Cromwelliana, p. 4.

^{page 14 note c} Vicars, ii. 203.

^{page 15 note a} Vicars, iii. 76. Weekly Account, 11th December, 1644. This newspaper misprints Eainborowe's name “Gainsborough” and “Gaiynsborough.” Thomas Eainborowe is, however, certainly the person meant. A similar misprint of “Gainsborough” for Eainborowe occurs in Bushworth's Hist. Coll. part iv. ii. 750. In this case no one can doubt that it is a mere misprint. It is almost certain that no officer called Gainsborough ever served in the parliamentary armies.

^{page 15 note b} Whitelock, p. 137.

^{page 15 note c} Sprigg's Anglia Eediviva, p. 25; Mercurius Civicns, May 29, June 5, 1645; Perfect Diurnal, June 2-8, 1645; Dugdale's Diary, 29th May, 1645.

^{page 16 note a} Sprigg, pp. 25,41,77, 91, 100.

^{page 16 note b} Eushworth, part iv. i. 65; Archæologia, xiv. 129; Carlyle's Letters of Cromwell, i. 185; Sayer's History of Bristol, ii. 299, 452. Sayer speaks of a pamphlet entitled “A True Relation of the Storming of Bristol. Published by Order of Parliament.” He adds that it was “evidently written by a person who was in the rebel army at the time of the storm, and with Montague's brigade. He signs his initials J. R. probably Colonel Rainsborough.” As Rainborowe's Christian name was Thomas this must be a mistake. Two persons called Rogers, one a major and another a captain, were at this time in Montague's regiment, but we have not been able to ascertain their Christian names. See Sprigg's Anglia Rediviva, p. 329.

^{page 17 note a} Rushworth, part iv. i. 90, 94; Sprigg's Anglia Rediviva, pp. 133, 139; Perfect Diurnal, Sept. 1-8, 22-29, 1645; Hist. MSS. Com. Rep. v. 356; Carter's Relation of Expedition of Kent, Essex, and Colchester, p. 242; Earl de Grey's Mem. of Sir Charles Lucas, 21.

^{page 17 note b} Banks's Story of Corfe Castle, p. 215; Sprigg, p. 174; Fairfax Correspondence, iii. 261.

^{page 17 note c} Sprigg, p. 174.

^{page 17 note d} See a most carefully compiled map of the political condition of England, on 1st May, 1645, in Gardiner's, S. R. First Two Stuarts and the Puritan Revolution, p. 143Google Scholar.

^{page 17 note e} Vol. ii. 198.

^{page 18 note a} Whitelock, p. 196.

^{page 18 note b} Dugdale's Diary, edited by William Hamper.

^{page 18 note c} The person here mentioned is John Fountaine, a barrister of Lincoln's Inn. He had been imprisoned for refusing to contribute to the support of the London trained bands, and, as Spalding the Scottish historian tells us, for “giveing out uther speeches aganes the parliament.” (Whitelock, p. 63; Spalding's History of Troubles, Bannatyne edit. ii. 88.) He compounded for his estate for the sum of 480i. (Dring's Catalogue of Compounders, p. 36), but afterwards became reconciled to the government. He was appointed by Act of Parliament 8th April, 1653, one of the judges for the probate of wills (, Scobell'sActs and Ordinances, ii. 232),Google Scholar and created a serjeant-at-law in 1658. He lived to see the Kestoration. There is a portrait of him in the possession of Andrew Montague, Esq. of Melton, co. York. (, Hailstone'sPortraits of Yorkshire Worthies, i. 88.)Google Scholar

^{page 18 note d} , TannerMSS. lix. i. 50.Google Scholar

^{page 19 note a} Whitelock, p. 201.

^{page 19 note b} See the , King'sinstructions, postGoogle Scholar.

^{page 19 note c} , TannerMSS. lix. i. 89.Google Scholar

^{page 19 note d} Whitelock, p. 202.

^{page 20 note a} Sprigg, pp. 258, 262.

^{page 20 note b} , Micro-Chronicon, or a briefe Chronology of the Time, 1647.Google Scholar

^{page 20 note c} Sprigg, p. 290.

^{page 20 note d} Henry Washington, eldest son of Sir William Washington, Knt. by Anne Villiers, half-sister to George first Duke of Buckingham. Chester's Registers of Westminster Abbey (Harl. Soc), p. 14.

^{page 20 note e} Eushworth, part iv. i. 286; Sprigg, p. 291.

^{page 20 note f} , TannerMSS. lix. ii. 444.Google Scholar

^{page 20 note g} Somers Tracts, vii. 60.

^{page 20 note h} Com. Jour. iv. 627.

^{page 20 note i} Whitelock, p. 218.

^{page 21 note a} Micro- Chronicon.

^{page 21 note b} , TannerMSS. lviii. i. 62.Google Scholar

^{page 21 note c} cf. Eushworth, part iv. i. 485; Whitelock, p. 243; , Gary'sMemorials of the Civil War, i. 201Google Scholar.

^{page 22 note a} Com. Jour. v. 159; Whitelock, p. 245; Clarendon State Pap. MS. 1647, 2515.

^{page 22 note b} Hist. MSS. Com. Rep. vi. 173Google Scholar.

^{page 22 note c} Com. Jour. v. 193Google Scholar.

^{page 22 note d} May 30.

^{page 23 note a} , TannerMSS. lviii. i. 125.Google Scholar

^{page 23 note a} Com. Jour. v. 169Google Scholar.

^{page 24 note a} Memoirs of Denzil Lord Holies. 8vo. London, 1699, p. 95.Google Scholar cf. Mazere's Tracts, i. 245.

^{page 24 note b} The original may perhaps have perished. There is a transcript among the State Papers, Domestic, 1647, p. 159,Google Scholar and it is printed in Rushworth, part iv. i. 554; this latter has some differences in the signatures, but Eainborowe's name occurs in both.

^{page 25 note a} Lords' Jour. 2 July. Whitelock prints this list, omitting the name of Sir Waller, Hardress, and supplying that of “Major Rainsborough,” p. 257.Google Scholar Thomas Rainborowe had a brother William who was a soldier, but the variation is probably a mere misprint.

^{page 25 note b} Thurloe Stat. Pap. i. 96; Godwin's Hist. Com. ii. 379, quoting Berkeley Mem. pp. 30, 35.

^{page 25 note c} Unsigned letter in Rushworth, part iv. ii. 750.

^{page 25 note d} Rushworth, part iv. ii. 752.

^{page 25 note e} , Lysons, Environs of London, ii. 345,Google Scholar Perf. Occur. Aug. 27. f Clarendon, p. 646.

^{page 25 note f} , Warburton'sPrince Rupert, ii. 128, 217. See his references.Google Scholar

^{page 26 note a} A large flat-bottomed Dutch vessel, whose burden is generally from 300 to 600 tons.—Admiral W. H. Smyth's Sailors' Word Book, sub voce.

^{page 26 note b} , Markham's Life of Fairfax, p. 298,Google Scholar quoting Holles's Mem. and Sir William Waller's Vindic.

^{page 26 note c} Whitelock, p. 271; Com. Jour. v. 318.

^{page 26 note d} Original order at Bottesford Manor.

^{page 26 note e} , Lysons, Environs of London, i. 408.Google Scholar

^{page 26 note f} Clarendon State Papers, vol. ii. app. xli.

^{page 26 note g} Com. Jour. v. 356.

^{page 27 note a} A royalist news-letter among Hyde's MSS. in the Bodleian, dated “15 Nov. 1647, old style,” says that “it is verely thought this day that there will be a division of the army. Col. Rainsborough hath labour'd what he can with the horse to prevent it but cannot, for some are come with theire men 60 miles off and now each party drawes vp what strength he can.” In the margin opposite Rainborough's name is written “He doth conceiue his party will proue too weeke at this meeting.” Clarendon State Pap. MS. 1647, 2651.

^{page 27 note b} Hist. MSS. Com. Eep. vi. 210Google Scholar.

^{page 27 note c} Whitelock, p. 278; Rushworth, vii. 876.

^{page 27 note d} It was reported at the time that Rainborowe and Henry Marten had “labour'd on Satturday last to impeach Cromwell and Ireton of treason.“—News-letter dated 15 Nov. 1647, old style, in Clarendon State Pap. MSS. 1647, 2651; Thurloe State Pap. i. 96; , Rymer'sFædera, xx. 558Google Scholar.

^{page 27 note e} Com. Jour. v. 359.

^{page 27 note f} Ibid. 363.

^{page 27 note g} Ibid. 366.

^{page 27 note h} Ibid. 378.

^{page 28 note a} , Godwin'sHist. Commonwealth, ii. 490.Google Scholar I haye not succeeded in finding the letter from which he quotes.

^{page 28 note b} Com. Jour. v. 403.

^{page 28 note c} Lords' Journals.

^{page 28 note d} Thurloe State Pap. i. 96.

^{page 28 note e} Whitelock, p. 286; Com. Jour. v. 413; Hist. MSS. Com. Rep. vi. 216.

^{page 28 note f} Clarendon, p. 629.

^{page 28 note g} Clarendon State Pap. MSS. 1647, 2684.

^{page 29 note a} Whitelock, p. 288.

^{page 29 note b} Feb. 5-12, p. 39.

^{page 29 note c} A story substantially the same as the above, but wanting Rainborowe's name, and with Swedes taking the place of the Dutch, had reached Hyde in the previous May. It is to be found in a MS. news-letter in the Bodleian Library, endorsed “Intelligence from London, 6 May,” in Lord Clarendon's handwriting. “We had yesterday newes at the Exchange of a great fight at sea neere the [Isle] of Weight betweene 5 Parliament ships & 15 of the Swedes, which being laden with salt would not as they past strike to the Parliament ships, but being haylde answered that they would strike to the King of England's ships, but not to those the Parliament had by rebellion taken from their soveraigne. The fight continued all Wensday very hott, the newes of the issue whereof was dayly expected.”—Clarendon State Pap. 1647, 2515. cf. Eushworth, part iv. i. 478, 481.

^{page 30 note a} , TannerMSS. lviii. ii. 707.Google Scholar The signature to this letter will be found with the Pedigree in Appendix B.

^{page 31 note a} Com. Jour. ii. 696.

^{page 31 note b} Com. Jour. v. 503.

^{page 31 note c} Whitelock, p. 302; Com. Jour. v. 545.

^{page 31 note d} Clarendon, p. 645.

^{page 31 note e} April 23.

^{page 31 note f} A ship with a very narrow stern, having a small square part above. The shape is of old date.—Admiral W. H. Smyth's Sailors' Word Book, sub voc.

^{page 32 note a} Hall, Edward; Com. Jour. v. 503.Google Scholar

^{page 32 note b} Edward Popham. Ibid.

^{page 32 note c} Edward Miott. Ibid.

^{page 32 note d} , TannerMSS. lvii. i. 23.Google Scholar This letter has already been printed, with the exception of the address and curious memoranda thereon, in Cary's Memorials of the Civil War, i. 392, but from a transcript so corrupt as to make it worse than useless. Among the errors are “junk” for “Pinke,” and “Reefer” for the name of the vessel, the Reformation, which Rainborowe has contracted thus—Refor'.

^{page 32 note e} News-letter dated 4 May, 1648, in Clarendon State Pap. MSS. 1648, 2773.

^{page 33 note a} Whitelock, p. 305; Com. Jour. v. 559.

^{page 33 note b} , Cromwell'sLetter in Carlyle, i. 282.Google Scholar

^{page 33 note c} Whit Sunday, 1648, was on the 21st of May.

^{page 33 note d} 714.

^{page 33 note e} ii. 407.

^{page 34 note a} Matthew Carter's Eelation of Expedition of Kent, Essex, and Colchester, edit. 1650, pp. 42-47.

^{page 34 note b} , TannerMSS. lvii. i. 91.Google Scholar

^{page 34 note c} p. 646.

^{page 35 note a} Clarendon, p. 648.

^{page 35 note b} Eobert Clerke was commander of the Swan. Com. Jour. v. 503. This vessel did not revolt, for in 1653 Thomas Wilkes was her commander in the service of the Commonwealth. , ThurloeMSS. ix. 176Google Scholar.

^{page 35 note c} , TannerMSS. lvii. i. 100.Google Scholar

^{page 36 note a} Robert Nixon was commander of the Roebuck on the 17th of March. Com. Jour. v. 504.

^{page 36 note b} The Tiger probably did not revolt. James Peacock was her commander on 17th of March, 1648. She was in “ye river,” i.e. the Thames, under the command of Gabriel Sanders, in 1653. , ThurloeMSS. ix. 176Google Scholar.

^{page 36 note c} , TannerMSS. lvii. i. 115.Google Scholar

^{page 37 note a} Carter, p. 51.

^{page 37 note b} Deal Castle did surrender very shortly afterwards. Carter, p. 66.

^{page 37 note c} , ClarendonState Pap. ii. 407.Google Scholar

^{page 37 note d} p. 53.

^{page 37 note e} ii. 407.

^{page 37 note f} cf. , Godwin'sHist. Com. ii. 534,Google Scholar quoting Letter Book of both kingdoms.

^{page 38 note a} , Markham's Fairfax, pp. 313, 316, 317.Google Scholar

^{page 38 note b} , Strutt'sHist, of Colchester, ii. 210.Google Scholar

^{page 38 note c} Carter, p. 155; Strutt's Hist, of Colchester, ii. 210.

^{page 38 note d} Carter, p. 156.

^{page 38 note e} , Markham's Fairfax, p. 223.Google Scholar

^{page 38 note f} p. 161.

^{page 38 note g} Whitelock, p. 331.

^{page 38 note h} Articles for the Surrender of Colchester, 27 August, 1648.Google Scholar These are not in the original edition of Carter's Relation, but are added to the eighteenth century reprint, 8vo. n.d. , Colchester: “J. Pilborough, in High Street,” pp. 213–216Google Scholar.

^{page 39 note a} Whitelock, p. 333.

^{page 39 note b} Carter, p. 197; Fairfax Correspondence, iv. 47.

^{page 39 note c} Whitelock, p. 339; Rushworth, part iv. ii. 1279.

^{page 39 note d} He was a devoted and distinguished royalist. Viscount Galway is his descendant and representative in the male line.

^{page 40 note a} “An Impartiall and True Relation of the Great Victory by the Conjoyned forces of Lincoln, Nottingham …under the Command of Col. Edward Rosseter,” pp. 1-3. , Boothroyd's Pontefract, p. 271;Google Scholar Whitelock, pp. 316, 318.

^{page 40 note b} There is a notice of him in Hunter's South Yorkshire, ii. 131.

^{page 40 note c} Sir Henry Cholmley, Knt. was the second son of Sir Richard Cholmley, of Whitby, Knt. by his first wife, Susanna, daughter of John Legard, of Ganton, co. York. Yorks. Visitation, 1612, ed. Foster, Joseph, p. 220;Google Scholar, Charlton's Whitby, p. 312;Google ScholarMemoirs of Sir Hugh Cholmley, ed. 1870, pp. 11–14Google Scholar.

^{page 40 note d} Surtees Misc. quoting Paulden. There is no doubt the number of men given is far in excess of truth.

^{page 40 note e} The late Mr. Hunter thought he was captured at Hatfield, where he had a residence (South Yorks. i. 175), and quotes Rushworth, part iv. ii. 1314, in proof of this. The statement Rushworth prints, though it makes it probable, does not prove that Hatfield was the place.

^{page 40 note f} Rushworth, part iv. ii. 1294, 1314. The disorganised state of the country at this time is well illustrated by a tradition preserved in Warburton's Collections for Yorkshire. It is there stated that when Rainborowe was quartered at Doncaster he sent three companies “to quarter at Hatfield and Wood-house, to preserve them in subjection, and to overawe Robin Portington, who had most commonly a troop of his own constantly in the Lordship, and who had got such a terrible name amongst the Rebells that he was commonly call'd Robin the Devel, while the 3 tronps were in quarter as aboue, a poore mad woman came crying into the Town that Robin was comeing out of ye levels with a great army, and was resolved to kill every body; upon that the above sayd three tronps, being almost frightened out of their wits, musterd upon the Lings in the greatest confusion imaginable, and immediately fled, as fast as their horses could carry them, to Doncaster.” Lansd. MS. 897, fol. 207.

^{page 41 note a} Rushworth, part iv. ii. 1310, says he had two regiments of foot and two of horse The Surtees Miscellany, p. 96, quoting Paulden,(?) says 1,200 foot and a regiment of horse.

^{page 41 note b} Rainborowe seems to have taken up his quarters there about the 20th of October, for in the Don-caster Corporation disbursements of that date occurs the following entry: “Paide two messengers for Carringe warrants into the cuntery for quarteringe Coronel Ransbrow I^s 2^a”.

^{page 41 note c} Vide post, Letter of Yorks. Committee.

^{page 41 note d} Com. Jour. vi. 57;Google Scholar Rushworth, part iv. ii. 1300.

^{page 42 note a} The Moderate: Impartially communicating Martial Affaires to the Kingdome of England, No. 17, Oct. 31–Nov. 7, 1648.Google Scholar

^{page 43 note a} , TannerMSS. LVII. ii. 378.Google Scholar

^{page 44 note a} Kushworth, part iv. ii. 1306.

^{page 44 note b} Cromwell, writing on Nov. 15, said the fortress was victualled for a twelvemonth; that the royalists had gained “two hundred and twenty or forty fat cattle within these three weeks.” Carlyle, i. 331; King's Pamp. 394, 24.

^{page 44 note c} A full and exact relation of the Horrid murder…of Col. Rainsborough. 4to. London: Printed for R. A. 1648, p. 4.Google Scholar

^{page 45 note a} Com. Jour. vi. 57; King's Pamp. 392, 19.

^{page 45 note b} That was the day on which he summoned the Castle. Rushworth, part iv. ii. 1325.

^{page 45 note c} Col. Roàes and Sir Henry Cholmley's regiments were disbanded early in January, 1649. Surtees Miscellany, p. 103, quoting Roundheads before Pontefract in 17th and 18th vols. of Tait's Ed. Mag.

^{page 46 note a} Manuscript note made by Alderman Eayney (born 1667, died 1731), in his copy of Clarendon, published in 1707, now in the possession of Charles Jackson, Esq. of Doncaster.

^{page 46 note b} From a letter written by John Wandesford, probably to Hyde, dated 18 Nov. 1648, it seems that the first intelligence of the murder received by the foreign exiles was to the effect that Rainborowe had been killed by a party “of the horse which formerly layd before Pontefract,” that is, members of the Parliamentary forces under the command of Cholmley and Eodes. The information reached Amsterdam by a vessel which “departed from Hull vpon Thursday last.” Clarendon MSS. 1648, 2917.

^{page 46 note c} Paulden.

^{page 47 note a} Clarendon, 370.

^{page 47 note b} Rayney's annotated Clarendon, and Hunter's Notes from Nathaniel Johnston's MSS. in his own copy of the South Yorkshire, in the possession of the Rev. John Edward Jackson.

^{page 47 note c} Their spy was to meet them at sunrise. On the 29th of October, 1648, o.s. at Doncaster, the centre of the sun's disc would be on the horizon at 7h. 17 m. A.M. The sun would almost certainly not seem to rise quite so early as this, on account of the fog, which almost always obscures its rising in those parts in the autumn.

^{page 47 note d} Paulden.

^{page 47 note e} Col. Hacker's and Col. White's regiments were lying at Rotherham. Hunter's MS. note, quoting Johnston's MSS.

^{page 47 note f} A letter from Doncaster in Packets of Letters from Scotland and the North Parts of England. 4to. London: Printed by Robert Ibbitson, in Smithfield, 1648.Google Scholar Much suspicion fell on Smith, and, in consequence, he published a pamphlet exculpating himself, entitled “The Innocent Cleared, or the Vindication of Captaine John Smith…” It is dated Amsterdam, Nov. 13, 1648. He admits that it was his duty to be on guard, but “was very ill, as many of the severall guards can testify,” and he was therefore persuaded to sit by a fire. The house he went into was an inn called the Hinde, and he was not aware that it was a house of evil fame. He says that his enemies have caused “ballads and songs to be made” concerning him, “and sung up and down London Streets,” and adds that many people of note will give him good character, among whom are “My Lord Eoberts, who is neer of kin to me,” Sir Edward Hunger-ford, and Col. Ludlow.

^{page 48 note a} Letter from J. Barnard, dated Doncaster, Oct. 30, in A Full and Exact Kelation of the Horrid Murder…of Col. Rainsborough. London: Printed for E. A. 1648.Google Scholar 4to. Cf. His Majesties Declaration… Also bloody news from the army, the executing of Col. Rainsborough by the King's Party.… London: Printed for Eobert Wilkinson. 1648. 4to.Google ScholarThe Kingdomes Weekly Intelligencer, Oct. 31—Nov. 7, 1648.Google ScholarMercurius Militaris, Oct. 31—Nov. 8, 1648.Google ScholarMercurius Melancholicus, Nov. 14-21, 1648Google Scholar.

^{page 48 note b} Moderate Intelligencer, Oct. 26—Nov. 2, 1648.Google Scholar

^{page 48 note c} e.g. he says Morris was the leader of the party, and that the attack took place “in the end of August,” p. 669.

^{page 48 note d} When the tragedy was yet fresh in men's minds some, at least, of the King's party admitted that murder, not capture, was the design of the Pontefract horsemen. It is but justice to add that they condemned the action. “I allow not but utterly condemne the fact of those rash gentlemen; who dismissed his soule with their ponyards, shedding the blood of warre under the pretense of peace.” Mercurius Melan-cholicus, Nov. 14-21, 1648Google Scholar.

^{page 49 note a} p. 6.

^{page 49 note b} Hunter's Notes from Johnston's MSS. in his annotated South Yorkshire.

^{page 49 note c} This was William Rasine, a younger son of George Easine, of Pontefract. , Hunter's Famil. Minor. Gent. Add. MSS. 24,458Google Scholar.

^{page 50 note a} , Paulden'sSom. Tra. vii. 7.Google Scholar

^{page 50 note b} Packets of Letters from Scotland and the North Parts of England… 1648, 4to. pp. 4–6.Google Scholar

^{page 51 note a} Cornet Michael Blackburn was hanged at York 23rd August, 1649.Google Scholar Lloyd in his Memoirs speaks of his “7 years faithful service to his Sovereign,” p. 563, State Trials. In the Famous Tragedy of Charles I. a play, two editions of which were printed in 1649 and another in 1709, Rainborowe's death is travestied, and Blackburn is represented as the actual perpetrator of the deed.

^{page 51 note b} The proper spelling is Austwick. His father, Thomas, was mayor of Pontefract on two occasions. Alan was a lieutenant of horse in the royal service. He was excepted from mercy on the surrender of Pontefract Castle, but made his escape. He died in 1665. , Dugdale's Visit. Ebor. (Surtees Soc), p. 23Google Scholar.

^{page 51 note c} This is probably a mistake for Sir Charles Dallison. He was third son of Sir Thomas Dallison, of Greetwell, co. Lincoln, Knt. by Anne, dau. of Humfrey Littlebury, of Stainsby, in the same county; recorder of Lincoln Jan. 1637; knighted at Lincoln 15 July, 1642; colonel of a regiment of horse in the King's army; serjeant-at-law 1664; died at his house in Bloomsbury, co. Middlesex, 12 January, 1669. His wife was Elizabeth, daughter and coheiress of Robert Smith, of Lincoln, “attorney-general” to that city. Information furnished by Arthur Larken, Esq.

^{page 51 note d} Paulden, p. 7.

^{page 51 note e} Com. Jour. vi. 69; Mercurius Eleuticus, Nov. 1-8, 1648.Google Scholar There seems no ground whatever for thinking that the Parliamentary authorities were not active in their endeavours to punish the murderers. A violent party pamphlet of the time, in the Forster Collection at South Kensington, entitled “To the Supreme Authority in England…The sad representation of the uncertain and dangerous condition of the Commonwealth,” indeed, states that “his brother receives no furtherance but rather all discouragement that may be in searching after and prosecuting the causers of that so bloody and inhumane a butchery;” but there is every reason for believing that this assertion is based upon nothing more trustworthy than fierce party hatred. It seems to be the production of some extreme person of the levelling faction.

^{page 52 note a} , TannerMSS. LVII. ii. 411.Google Scholar

^{page 52 note b} The Moderate, Oct. 31—Nov. 7, 1648;Google ScholarMercurius Militaris, Oct. 31—Nov. 8, 1648Google Scholar.

^{page 52 note c} Mercurius Impartialis, Dec. 5-12, 1648.Google Scholar

^{page 52 note d} Moderate Intelligencer, Nov. 4-16, 1648.Google Scholar

^{page 52 note e} Adm. Books Reg. of Prerog. Court of Canterbury, fol. 135b.

^{page 52 note f} Nov. 14-21,1648.

^{page 53 note a} Com. Jour. vi. 429.

^{page 53 note b} , Somers'Tracts, vii. 65;Google ScholarMercurius Melancholicus, Oct. 30—Nov. 6, 1647;Google Scholar Nov. 14-21, 1648.

^{page 53 note c} Whitelock, pp. 396, 397.

^{page 55 note a} Sandal Castle was surrendered to the Parliament early in October 1645. Memorable Dayes and Workes of God, p. 6.Google Scholar

^{page 54 note b} Robert Overton, of Easington Hall, in Holderness.

^{page 58 note a} Battle of Preston, 17 August, 1648.Google Scholar

^{page 59 note a} Allerton-Bywater, a township in the parish of Kippax, wapentake of Skyrack, about five miles from Pontefract. Boat seems to have been at this time a Yorkshire word for a ferry. In Eyre's Diary, 25 Jan. 1647,Google Scholar mention is made of Medley boat, that is, the ferry at Methley, about six miles from Pontefract. Yorks. Diaries (Surtees Soc), p. 7.

^{page 59 note b} , Uttoxeter. The Duke of Hamilton was taken prisoner there circa 25 August, 1648.Google Scholar Com. Jour, v. 688.

^{page 61 note a} Cromwell's summons is dated 9 November, 1648. It may be seen with Morris's answer in worth's, RushHist. Coll. part iv. ii. 1325Google Scholar.

^{page 61 note b} This is a singular error of memory. Charles II. was , Kingde jure in March, 1649,Google Scholar and the royalists i n Pontefract Castle had, soon after the execution of Charles I. struck a siege-piece with the legend: Post Mortem Patris Pro Filio. The writer says in his printed account, “We kept the castle till after King Charles the First was martyred, when we solemnly proclaimed King Charles the Second in it, and did not deliver it up till almost two months after.” Somers' Tracts, vii. 8.

^{page 62 note a} This paragraph has been an afterthought. In the MS. it is written after the notes.

^{page 62 note b} Paces is probably the word wanting in these places.