^{page 1 note 1} For a complete account, with map and list of sites, see Bittel, P. F. K. passim.

^{page 2 note 1} The material will be published by Mr. S. Gönçer, Director of the Afyon Museum.

^{page 2 note 2} The maps and drawings are by Mr. Macartney with the exception of figs. 1–4 and items on figs. 5, 10, 17, 23, 24. Miss Gardner's survey of the mound in 1935 is incorporated in pl. II.

^{page 3 note 1} An artificial datum, called 100 m., was used for convenience during the excavation, and the corresponding numbers are quoted in this publication because they are shorter, but the actual levels are given in the map, pl. I. We owe accurate information as to the height above sea-level to Dr. Fiedler, who is in charge of engineering operations in connexion with the railway. Miss Gardner connected the levels he supplied with the mound: our 100 m, point = 1075·15 m. above sea-level.

^{page 4 note 1} A.J.A. xxxviii, 230, 233, xxxix, 562; Thermi, 210

^{page 5 note 1} In this part of the trench the wares below 89·45 m. are definitely A, those above 90·10 m. definitely B.

^{page 5 note 2} Thermi, 21.

^{page 5 note 3} P.F.K. 29; Thermi, 61 ff.

^{page 6 note 1} In figs. 2, 3, it is drawn as though wider; the bad preservation of the outer face makes the original dimensions uncertain.

^{page 8 note 1} The thick yellow clay which sealed the deposit (p. 6) may be the remains of the bakehouse roof, whether flat or domed we cannot say.

^{page 8 note 2} The oven at Olynthus was identified by the excavator as a pottery kiln, but the fire, as at Kusura, was regulated by an elaborate system of vents: cf. Mylonas, Excavations at Olynthus, i, 12 ff.

^{page 8 note 3} This is, of course, larger than the area shown in pl. II, which was the surface area at the top of the cliff. Great care was taken to distinguish the stratified earth from the fallen earth on the cliff-side.

^{page 10 note 1} Good examples, Thermi, 39, fig. 15.

^{page 10 note 2} For the desirability of having hearth and oven side by side, see Tsoundas, ΔΣ 104–6; Hutchinson, Thermi, 55.

^{page 10 note 3} There were three walls: the low one, conspicuous in the photograph by reason of its straightness and regularity, showed the joints of the slabs of mud from which it was made; two more walls were above it, side by side.

^{page 10 note 4} Mr. Stewart is inclined to regard this complex as a primitive device for drainage. He compares the arrangement described by Waterman, Tel Umar, 9, 11, fig. 3, which is, of course, more elaborate and of Parthian date. Our burial would, on this theory, have been inserted at a later date.

^{page 10 note 5} Arrangements are being made for the examination of the human remains by an expert as soon as possible.

^{page 11 note 1} Thermi, 70.

^{page 11 note 2} These proved to be Fumaria (fumitory): see p. 12. I am indebted to Mrs. Reid for identifying these and all other seeds from the settlement.

^{page 12 note 1} Mrs. Reid, who has kindly examined the seeds, identifies them as Fumaria (fumitory) and heliotrope. These, especially the former, may have been cultivated on account of their medicinal properties.

^{page 13 note 1} Depth 0·15 m., diam. 0·35 m. The clay edges were 0·04–0·06 m. wide.

^{page 14 note 1} In excavating, we found it practical to continue this line in searching for the lower floor and clearing the pithoi. In the photograph, therefore, one sees both the back or higher step, which is the genuine face of the mud-brick wall, and the front or lower step, which is artificial except in the corner.

^{page 15 note 1} One other example belongs to the early stages of the B period.

^{page 15 note 2} The fragment illustrated is from a stratum transitional between A and B, but is typical of the A wares.

^{page 16 note 1} For this site, see Türk Tarih, ii, 3 ff., especially 52–4; Bittel, P.F.K., pl. vi, iv, 2, 60–1, 72–4.

^{page 16 note 2} Türk Tarih, i, 38, fig. 17.

^{page 16 note 3} Åberg, Bronzezeitliche und früheisenzeitliche Chronologie, iv, 54, figs. 94–6; 87, fig. 167.

^{page 17 note 1} One lug in the photograph gives the impression of being pierced horizontally, but the cavity is superficial.

^{page 17 note 2} For the types, see SS., 82, 83. For the stratification, A.J.A. xxxviii, 233, xxxix, 562.

^{page 19 note 1} A very sharp beak like that of SS., no. 619, appears once only.

^{page 21 note 1} B.S.A. xviii, 80 ff., pls. v–vii.

^{page 21 note 2} e.g. SS, no. 722.

^{page 21 note 3} B.S.A. xviii, pl. VIII, 4.

^{page 21 note 4} P.F.K., 73.

^{page 21 note 5} The handles of the jug on pl. VII, II, are, of course, different from those of the other vases.

^{page 22 note 1} See Frankfort, Studies, ii, 58, note 2, for references; add Thermi, 79.

^{page 23 note 1} Thermi, 86.

^{page 24 note 1} A.H. i, 109.

^{page 24 note 2} Not the horse-shoe lug, but one with a shallower curve.

^{page 28 note 1} For these, compare the stems of braziers from Kish: Mackay, Report on the Excavations of the A Cemetery at Kish, i, pls. i, xi, xii; ii, XLIX, L. The resemblance, though accidental, emphasizes the fact that ringed stems may be quite early.

^{page 28 note 2} Thermi, 91, note 1.

^{page 28 note 3} Türk Tarih, ii, 82–4.

^{page 28 note 4} A.H. i, 54, fig. 62, b 2182, 103, 751.

^{page 29 note 1} Schliemann, Troja, 141, fig. 70; Bericht, 1890, pl. I, fig. 2.

^{page 29 note 2} Thermi, pl. XX, especially nos. 29.9 and 29. 1.

^{page 29 note 3} Liverpool Annals, ii, pl. XXVI, XXVII, 145 ff.

^{page 29 note 4} P.F.K. 14, 15, 17.

^{page 30 note 1} P.F.K. 74.

^{page 30 note 2} A.H. i, 47, fig. 56, and 122, fig. 150, b 1527, 1919.

^{page 34 note 1} Thermi, 162.

^{page 34 note 2} A.H. ii, 106, 107; i, 149, 150.

^{page 34 note 3} Thermi, 159.

^{page 34 note 4} Ibid, summarizes the references.

^{page 34 note 5} A.H. ii, 106.

^{page 34 note 6} See also Thermi, 164, for the absence of spit-supports on all Troadic sites outside Lesbos.

^{page 37 note 1} To avoid complication we omitted it, together with the examples at 103·55 m. in VI and 102·25 m. in III described below, from the plan on pl. IV. Both the terracottas in III belong to the later architectural stage, p. 13, while the hearth in III is earlier.

^{page 37 note 2} Bossert, Šantaš und Kupapa, 84. The sign in question is

^{page 39 note 1} Analyses by Professor Desch, p. 64.

^{page 39 note 2} A.H. i, 151.

^{page 39 note 3} The other pin from A has no head.

^{page 41 note 1} He implies (op. cit., 154) that its blade is slightly serrated. Our blade is too worn to show the nature of its cutting edge.

^{page 41 note 2} E. F. Schmidt suggests that the rings at Alişar were used as small change: A.H. i, 165.

^{page 43 note 1} I am indebted to Miss Caton Thompson for reading the section on flints and making corrections and suggestions.

^{page 45 note 1} A.H. i, 64, fig. 73, b 388 (Alişar I); 209, fig. 273, a 1006 (Alişar III). See also P.F.K. 77.

^{page 45 note 2} Thermi, 192, describes hammers with somewhat similar profile, but of soft stone and never bored completely.

^{page 45 note 3} e.g. Montelius, La Grèce préclassique, i, pls. I, 12, II, 24; Goldman, Eutresis, 207, fig. 278, no. 7.

^{page 45 note 4} P.F.K. 42–5.

^{page 47 note 1} P.F.K. 78.

^{page 47 note 2} Thermi, 182.

^{page 47 note 3} P.F.K. 46.

^{page 47 note 4} P. of M. i, 54.

^{page 50 note 1} Bittel, P.F.K. 36, 37; Evans, P. of M. i, 45 ff.; J.R.A.I, xxx, 251 ft.

^{page 50 note 2} e.g. P.F.K. pl. XVI, 14, IX, 7.

^{page 50 note 3} Ibid. 37.

^{page 50 note 4} This example has not been tested, but a similar fragment proves to be limestone.

^{page 51 note 1} A.H. i, 209, and 167, 168, fig. 212, b 1501, 776.

^{page 51 note 2} P.F.K. 13, 14.

^{page 51 note 3} Op. cit. 168, 169, fig. 214.

^{page 54 note 1} No detailed comparative study of early burials in the Aegean has been attempted, as out of place in this context; nor has it yet been possible to make or obtain an anthropological report on the skeletal remains from Kusura, though this will be undertaken as soon as possible.

^{page 55 note 1} Publication in progress.

^{page 55 note 2} This is not intended to make a claim that all Mysian bodies were laid with the heads to the east. The Baba Köy evidence is less conclusive than that from Kusura, as regards quantity.

^{page 57 note 1} For this practice in Greece during the Middle Helladic times see Blegen and Wace in Symbolae Osloenses, IX, 1930, 33 ff.Google Scholar

^{page 57 note 2} Alişar. A.H. i, 181 ff. The period represented (Alişar II) is later.

^{page 57 note 3} The character of the soil in this locality is prejudicial to the survival of skeletal remains.

^{page 57 note 4} Cups. Pl. X, 2, 4, 5; also Grave 5, lower, not catalogued. Jugs. Pl. X, 1, 3, 6, 8, 9, 11, 13; also two pots found in trenching, one pl. X, 12.

^{page 59 note 1} The date suggested for the beginning of period A is the close of the fourth millennium (p. 4).

^{page 59 note 2} P. 16, note 1. See also p. 21.

^{page 59 note 3} P. 21, note 1.

^{page 59 note 4} Brit. Mus. Cat. Vases, i, 1, A 35, Yortan. Seven knobs and another at the base of the handle. I owe this reference to Miss Lamb.

^{page 59 note 5} Engberg and Shipton, Notes on the Chalcolithic and Early Bronze Age Pottery of Megiddo. The treatment at Megiddo is much more compact than at Kusura, and is confined to bowls and bowl compounds. There is no reason to suppose that the motive at Kusura was derived from a stone prototype, as it is a logical expansion of an existing idea.

^{page 60 note 1} Blegen and Wace, op. cit., 31, and for further references, Goldman, Eutresis, 221–6.

^{page 60 note 2} A.H. i, loc. cit.

^{page 60 note 3} Miss Lamb has observed that in Lesbos a local potter considered a pithos to be the most difficult form to execute.

^{page 60 note 4} Türk Tarih, ii, 88 ff.

^{page 63 note 1} So W. L.: J. S. considers that the surface shows traces of polish.