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I. A Sketch of the History of the Asylum, or Sanctuary, from its Origin to the final Abolition of it in the Reign of James I. By the Rev. Samuel Pegge
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 24 July 2012
Extract
The institution proposed for the subject of the following memoir, is of very ancient and even divine original: and as it has undergone, at times and in different countries, so many alterations and revolutions, and I may add such horrible and scandalous abuses, the history of its various fate and fortune may deservedly become a proper object of enquiry and elucidation.
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References
page 3 note [a] Mr. Staveley, Hist. of Churches, p. 165.
page 3 note [b] Mr. Strype's edition, 1754, 2 vol. fol.
page 3 note [c] The privilege, or immunity, was called by the Greeks, and the Deity presiding . Plutarch, Romulus, p. 22, edit. Franc. 1599. What Deity that was, Dionysius Hal. [lib. ii.] says, was uncertain, but the Authors of the Univ. Hist. vol. XI. p. 282. think he was probably Jupiter, though others say, Deus Lycoreus, Serv. ad Æn. II. 761. The particular Deity of the temple one would suppose should be the . The word Asylum comes not from α and , traho, as some have fancied, but from α and . Staveley, p. 166. Hospin. de Templ. p. 77.
page 3 note [d] Compare Stamford, Pleas of the Crown, II. p. 38.
page 3 note [e] Gilbert Cognatus apud Hospin. p. 78.
page 4 note [f] Dr. Stukeley, indeed, thinks the Druids, who, as he supposes, derived their religion from the Patriarchs, had temples of like structure as our Cathedrals; Archaeologia I. p. 40, Itin: Cur. part ii. p. 13, but few, I believe, will concur with him in that notion.
page 4 note [g] Exodus xxi. 13.
page 4 note [h] Numbers xxxv. 6. Deut. xix. 4. seq. Three more were to be assigned, when their borders were enlarged. Deut. xix. I. seq. and this, it must be owned, was a most salutary provision; that the manslayer might not have too far to go, or run too much hazard, before he arrived at a place of safety.
page 4 note [i] The slayer, resorting to the temple, was brought sooner to trial. If found gailty of murder, he was forced away even from the altar, and put to death; if innocent, he was conducted to some city of refuge. Calmet, Dict. v. Refuge and Asylum.
page 5 note [k] Numb. xxxv. 16. 35. Deut. xix. 3. 11. Exod. xxi. 12. 14.
page 5 note [l] Numb. xxxv. 11. 22. seq. Deut. xix. 4. seq. Josh. xx. 3.
page 5 note [m] Numb. xxx. 12. Deut. xix. 6. Josh. xx. 6. 9.
page 5 note [n] Deut. xxxii. 35.
page 5 note [o] Deut. xix. 3.
page 5 note [p] Numb. xxxv. 26.
page 5 note [q] Numb. xxxv. 25. Josh. xx. 6.
page 6 note [r] Plutarch, Theseus versus finem.
page 6 note [s] Tacitus, Annal. III. 60.
page 6 note [t] That of Cadmus at Thebes, Alex. ab Alexandro III. c. 20. that of the Heraclidæ at Athens, Serv. ad Æn. II. 761. VIII. 342.
page 6 note [u] Staveley, p. 167. Calmet, Dict. v. Asylum.
page 6 note [w] I take the liberty of adding here, that there was an asylum at Troy, Serv. ad Æn. II. 761, and that Hercules Ægyptius had another in that country for servants or slaves. Herodot. Euterpe, c. 113.
page 6 note [x] Hospinian, p. 80.
page 6 note [y] See the Story of Cylon in Univ. Hist. vol. VI. p. 295. edit. 80.
page 7 note [z] There are, however, some instances of this in Potter's Antiq. of Greece. I. p. 199. and Univ. Hist. VI. p. 296.
page 7 note [a] Plutarch. Alexander, p. 689.
page 7 note [b] Idem. Demosthenes, versus finem.
page 7 note [c] Potter, Antiq. l. c. Corn. Nepos, Pausanias, c. 5
page 7 note [d] Suetonius, Tiberius, c. 37.
page 7 note [e] Tacitus, Annal. III. c. 63.
page 7 note [f] MS. penes me on Tursellinus, lib. ii. p. 285.
page 7 note [g] Vide Pitisc. ad Sueton. l. c.
page 8 note [h] Æ II. 761. et Servius ad loc.
page 8 note [i] Staveley speaks of asyla at Rome; but qu. whether there was any other than this one instituted by Romulus?
page 8 note [k] That of Cadmus at Thebes was probably devised for the same purpose; Livy therefore properly stiles Romulus' project, Vetus consilium.
page 8 note [l] Servius, ad Æn. VIII. 432.
page 8 note [m] The words are ‘Ne vana urbis magnitudo esset, adjiciendæ multitudinis ‘causa, vetere consilio condentium urbes, qui obscuram atque humilem conciendo ‘ad se multitudinem, natam e terra sibi prolem ementiebantur. … asylum ‘aperit.’ Livy, I. c. 8. where, if I be not mistaken, we should read vacua for vana. See also L. Florus, I. 1.9. Aurel. Victor, c. 2.
page 9 note [n] Dionys. Hal. lib. ii.
page 9 note [o] Juvenal. VIII. 273.
page 9 note [p] Lactantius, II. c. 6.
page 9 note [q] Plutarch. Romulus, p. 22. & de Superstit. p. 166. & Univ. Hist. XI. p. 281.
page 9 note [r] Hospinian, p. 79. Spelm. Gloss. v. Sanctuarium.
page 9 note [s] Hospin. l. c. Staveley, p. 165. 168. 170.
page 10 note [t] See this explained in the following page.
page 10 note [u] Platina. p. 106. Rycaut's translation.
page 10 note [w] Sigebert. Gemblac.
page 10 note [x] Hospin. p. 79.
page 10 note [y] Stowe, Survey, I. p. 608. edit. Strype.
page 11 note [z] Girald. Cambr. p. 891. edit. 1603.
page 11 note [a] Polyd. Verg. de Rerum Invent. III. c. 12.
page 11 note [b] Apud Hospin. p. 81.
page 11 note [c] MS. Notes. ut supra, tom. iii. p. 526. This particular is not mentioned by Sir P. Rycaut.
page 11 note [d] See also the case at Malta this very year, 1784. Lloyd's Evening Post, Oct. 6.
page 11 note [e] Smollet, Travels, p. 279.
page 11 note [f] Salmuth ad Panciroll. p. 118.
page 12 note [g] MS. Notes, ut supra, et l. c.
page 12 note [h] Polyd. Vergil, III. c. 12. and see Hospin. p. 78.
page 12 note [i] Linwood, p. 256.
page 12 note [k] idem, ibid.
page 12 note [l] Mr. Johnson, in Collection of Canons on archbishop Boniface's Constit. 1261, art. 8.
page 12 note [m] Ecclesia religionis; meaning, we may suppose, a monastical church.
page 12 note [n] Wilkins, Concil. I. p. 313. By chapel must be meant a chapel of ease, not a private oratory.
page 12 note [o] Mr. Johnson, l. c.
page 13 note [p] Mr. Johnson ad archbishop Boniface, l. c.
page 13 note [q] Linwood, p. 255. Pat. Sanderson, Hist. of Durham Abbey, p. 44.
page 13 note [r] Archbishop Boniface, l. c. Ottobon. art. 12. The obstruction arose from the evil intention of the prosecutor, desirous of making the abode of the refugé as hard and insupportable to him as he could.
page 13 note [s] Vide infra, Case of Hauley, and of Hubert de Burgh, p. 41. See also Strype, Memorials, III. 353, relative to a passage in the reign of queen Mary.
page 14 note [t] Mons. Gaillard, Hist. de Charlemagne, tom. iii. p. 80.
page 14 note [u] See Mr. Staveley, p. 170. 172. So when king John founded the abbey of Beaulieu, he endowed it with sanctuary, Rapin, I. p. 263. See also Stowe, Survey, II. p. 814, Ed. Strype.
page 15 note [w] ‘Hujus Henrici tempore nullus latro neque raptor, homicida, vel qualiscunque ‘sceleratus gaudere potuit privilegio immunitatis sanctæ ecclesiæ, neque ‘clericus nec sacerdos, quin eos ab ecclesia eriperet, et judicio regni astare cogeret ‘secundum eorum delicti quantitatem puniendos, nullam ferens sanctæ ‘ecclesiæ in hac parte reverentiam.’ H. de Knyghton, apud X Script. col, 2400.
page 15 note [x] Lord Lyttelton, Life of Henry II, vol. IV. p. 418.
page 15 note [y] Ibid. p. 84.
page 16 note [a] Dr. Stukeley, Itin. part ii, p. 13. Rowland, Mona antiqua, p. 55, seq.
page 16 note [b] Hamilton, Voyage, p. 311. Max. Tyrius, Dissert. III. § 8. and Dr. Davies on the place. Stillingfleet, Antiq. of Lon. p. 474. 546. Bosman, p. 349. 362. Dickinson, p. 192.
page 16 note [c] Evelyn, Sylva. p. 614.
page 16 note [d] Vide infra.
page 16 note [e] Spelm. Gloss. p. 362. & Selden on Drayton, XVI. p. 317.
page 17 note [f] Jeffrey of Monm. II. c. 17.
page 17 note [g] Matth. Westm. p. 29. Alured. Beverl. p. 15. Higden. III. p. 214. Brompton col. 956. Rudborne, in Angl. Sacr. p. 182. Harding, Chron. fol. CXI. 6. Sheringham, p. 125, and many others. But these, who are more modern authors, might be easily misled by Jeffrey.
page 17 note [h] P. 8.
page 17 note [i] See many of those writers cited in Note [g].
page 17 note [k] Spelm. Life of Ælfred, p. 96. Mr. Hearne, indeed, endeavours to invalidate the arguments there used, but does it in a very weak and unsatisfactory manner. Ælfred does not so much as mention the Molmutian laws. V. Sir Henry Spelman in Gloss. p. 362; and Mr. William Clarke, in his excellent Preface to the Welch Laws.
page 18 note [k] The Molmutine laws were Pagan, not Christian, as Ælfred's are. Sheringham, p. 125.
page 18 note [l] Clarke, Præf. ad Leges Wallicas.
page 18 note [m] Rudborne says the same, p. 182.
page 18 note [n] Page 10, 11.
page 18 note [o] See also Selden on Drayton, Song 16. Weever, Fun. Mon. p. 181.
page 18 note [p] Matth. Westm. says, p. 60, that Lucius indulged all churches and their cemeteries with the privilege of sanctuary.
page 19 note [q] Stowe, Survey, II. p. 614. edit. Strype.
page 19 note [r] See, above, p. 11.
page 19 note [s] Widmore, Enq. into the foundation of Westm. Abbey, Lond. 1743, 4°.
page 19 note [t] Wilkins, Legg. Sax. p. 15.
page 19 note [u] Hospinian, p. 80.
page 20 note [w] Exod. xxi. 12, 13, 14. Wilkins, Legg. Sax. p. 29, the word for asylum is , or as it is also called . Spelm. Gloss. v. Fridstoll. The latter accords best with sedes or cathedra pacis.
page 20 note [x] Wilkins, p. 34.
page 20 note [y] Ibid. p. 15 and 110.
page 20 note [z] Wharton, Angl. Sacr. p. 699. Sim. Dunelm. p. 121. Ed. Bedford.
page 20 note [a] Staveley, p. 176.
page 20 note [b] Drake, p. XCI of Appendix.
page 21 note [c] V. supra, p. 10, 11. Antiquar. Repert. p. 43. supra, p. 13.
page 21 note [d] Polyd. Vergil. c. 12.
page 21 note [e] Drake, Eborac. p. 79.
page 21 note [f] Weever, p. 181. Drake, Eborac. p. LXXXIX and XCI of Appendix.
page 21 note [g] Drake, Eborac. p. 407. Appendix, p. LXXXVII. Leland, Collect. IV p. 401. Spelm. Gloss. v. Fridstoll. Weever, Fun. Mon. p. 181.
page 21 note [h] Leland, Collect. IV. p. 110. Drake, p. 79.
page 21 note [i] Page 31.
page 21 note [k] Wotton Leg. Wall. p. 384. The Britons called sanctuary nawdda and noddfa.
page 21 note [l] Ibid. p. 118.
page 22 note [m] The Saxon word is ; and Dr. Wilkins notes in his Glossary, ‘An autem corrupte , pro , vel ‘, scribatur, vel an vox hæc a , habitaculum, et pax derivetur, ‘affirmare non audeo; illud certa constat, asyla fugientium denotare.’
page 22 note [n] Edgar's Canons, N° 16.
page 22 note [o] Page 12, 13, 14.
page 22 note [p] Page 14.
page 22 note [q] Mr. Johnson's Collect. of Eccl. Laws, in Ottobon, A. 1268.
page 23 note [r] Wilkins, Leg. Sax. p. 197.
page 23 note [s] This has been disproved above, p. 19.
page 23 note [t] Edgar did repair and restore the monastery. Widmore, Hist. of Westm. Abbey, p. 4. seq. but nothing is there said of the sanctuary: so that all this is groundless inference.
page 23 note [u] Stowe, Survey, II. p. 614.
page 23 note [w] Widmore, l. c. p. 15.
page 24 note [x] Camden, Britannia. Sussex.
page 24 note [y] Camden l. c.
page 24 note [z] Fuller, Ch. Hist. book iii. p. I. et v. supra, p. 13.
page 24 note [a] Wilkins, Legg. Sax. p. 197.
page 25 note [b] Page 15.
page 25 note [c] Wilkins, Concil. II. p. 183. See Weever, p. 181. Selden on Drayton's Polyolb. Song 16. Matth. Westm. p. 60.
page 25 note [d] It is probable there were such round Beverley. One of them still remaining is engraved in plate IV. of vol. III. of the new edition of Camden's Britannia, p. 73. Plate IV. fig. 2.
page 26 note [e] The veneration for relicks, it appears, was at this time very profound, ranking with that for the fridstoll itself. And in Wales, a person might go out of an asylum, and be safe, if he carried relicks with him, but then the relicks could not uphold or protect him if he committed any evil acts. Legg. Hoel Dda, lib. ii. c. 8. They are held here in the same estimation as a cross or a crucifix, v. infra, p. 34.
page 26 note [f] Mr. Staveley, p. 173. citing Ric. Prior Hagulstad. de statu et episcopis Hagustaldensis ecclesiæ apud X Script, ch. 13. col. 308. See also Mr. Drake, Eborac. p. 548, and Appendix, p. xc. Widmore, Hist. of Westm. Abbey, p. 105.
page 26 note [g] Mr. Drake, Ebor. p. 548, takes the hundred for men of the hundred, but in that I think he must be mistaken, as the hundred is said to contain 81. and see Dr. Thoroton, p. 313, where much the same account is given of the privilege at York. One copy there, however, rates the hundred at 61.
page 26 note [h] Leg. Wall. p. 199 compared with p. 201. See for this, Gent. Magaz. 1753. p. 268.
page 26 note [i] Archbishop. Boniface, H. 126. art. 8. Linwood, p. 256. and by a law of king Alfred, 120s. a very heavy fine then, was to be paid to the violated church on this account. Leg. Alfredi in Wilkinfii Concil. I. p. 191.
page 27 note [k] Leland, Collect. II. p. 101. Drake, Eborac. p. LXXXVIII and XC of Appendix.
page 27 note [l] Leland, ibid. p. 110. Mr. Drake, l. c. p. XCI, XCII. Leuca there meaning a mile.
page 27 note [m] Stowe, Survey, I. p. 611. 613. edit. Strype, where see the regulations prescribed by Henry VI.
page 27 note [n] Lord Lyttelton, Life of Hen. II. vol II. p. 358.
page 27 note [o] Drake, Eborac. p. 548.
page 27 note [p] Spelm. Gloss. v. Fridstoll. The inscription is put in a different tense in Drake, Eborac. p. XCI. and has other small variations. See Camden, col. 891. It stands now against the South wall of St. John's chapel in the minster. The inscription has been long gone. R. G.
page 28 note [q] Drake, p. 548.
page 28 note [r] Vide supra.
page 28 note [s] Gent. Magaz. 1755. p. 440.
page 28 note [t] Concilium Claromont 1093. apud Du Fresne, tom. ii. col 1184.
page 28 note [u] Wilkins, Legg. Sax. p. 197. Weever, p. 182. Access was to be easy in the Holy Land. See p. 4.
page 29 note [x] This is rendered summum capitolium; meaning a dignitary in a cathedral a precentor perhaps, or head of the school. Du Fresne, v. Capitolus.
page 29 note [y] Wilkins, Legg. Sax. p. 110.
page 29 note [z] Spelm. Gloss. v. Fridstoll. See also Wilkins, Legg. Sax. p. 197.
page 29 note [a] Wilkins, Legg. Sax. p. 197.
page 30 note [b] Archbishop Boniface, Constitut. 1261. art. 8.
page 30 note [c] Stowe, Survey, I. p. 607. Lord Bacon, Hist. of Hen. VII. p. 104.
page 30 note [d] Patr. Sanderson, Antiq. of Durham Abbey, p. 43. seq. the altar was I presume, in the Galilee.
page 30 note [e] Stowe, ibidem.
page 30 note [f] Lord Bacon, l. c. Stowe, p. 607, 608. Stat. 28 Hen. VIII. c. 1.
page 30 note [g] The effects of refugés, if within the place, were under protection; but t. H. VII. those without were not. Lord Bacon, l. c.
page 30 note [h] Stowe, ibidem.
page 31 note [i] Widmore, Hist. of Westm. Abbey, p. 141.
page 31 note [k] Hoel Dda, in Wilkins, Concil. I. p. 210.
page 31 note [l] Stowe, I. p. 607, also II. p. 615. seq.
page 31 note [m] Wilkins, ibid. Lord Bacon, Hist. of Hen., VII. p. 24.
page 31 note [n] Stowe, I. p. 608.
page 31 note [o] Ibid. ibidem.
page 31 note [p] Ibid. p. 614.
page 31 note [q] Ibid. p. 609. Widmore, p. 141. Dr. Stukeley, Archaeologia, I. p. 43.
page 31 note [r] Ibid. p. 608.
page 31 note [s] Widmore, ibidem.
page 31 note [t] Stowe, II. p. 615. Spelman, Gloss. v. Fridstol.
page 32 note [u] Dr. Stukeley, ibid. p. 39. He does not tell us why there were two. One perhaps might be for criminals, the other for debtors and inhabitants.
page 32 note [w] Strype, Mem. III. p. 310. Stowe, I. p. 614.
page 32 note [x] Ottobon, 1268, art. 12.
page 32 note [y] Of Hoel Dda, p. 104. 348. edit. Clarke. See also Justinian. Novell. 17, de Mandat. Princ.
page 32 note [z] Rapin, I. p. 803. Lord Bacon, Hist. Hen. VIII. p. 12. Staveley, p. 173. 175.
page 32 note [a] Smollet, Trav. p. 279.
page 32 note [b] Linwood, p. 257, where minus Catholicus means, we may presume, an Heretick.
page 32 note [c] Mr. Johnson on Archbishop Boniface's Constitut.
page 32 note [d] Ibid. art. 8.
page 33 note [e] Collier, Eccles. Hist. I. p. 568. Staveley, p. 173.
page 33 note [f] Stowe, Survey, II. p. 614.
page 33 note [g] What is said above, p. 31, of the security of cattle in Wales, is spoken of the cattle of felons.
page 33 note [h] Dugd. Bar. I. p. 697. he, however, thought proper to consent.
page 33 note [i] Ibid. p. 697.
page 33 note [k] Temp. Eliz. Stowe, Survey, II. p. 615, where the form of the oath may be seen.
page 33 note [l] V. p. 15.
page 33 note [m] Stowe, Survey, I. p. 608. Ottobon 1268. art. 12.
page 34 note [n] Mr. Johnson on archbishop Boniface's Constit. 1261. art. I. Linwood, p. 256.
page 34 note [o] Stowe, Survey, II. p. 615.
page 34 note [p] Ibid. I. p. 607. v. supra, p. 30.
page 34 note [q] Hospin. p. 78. See above, p. 5.
page 34 note [r] Wilkins, Concil. I. p. 210. et supra, p. 31.
page 34 note [s] Page 29.
page 34 note [t] This is different from the case of debtors in sanctuaries of that extent, who lived by their own labour.
page 34 note [u] Clerks were not bound to abjure. Linwood, p. 256, but yielding themselves up to the laws of the realm, might enjoy the liberties of the church, and so be delivered to the ordinary. Antiquar. Repert. I. p. 175.
page 34 note [x] The proper term was foris jurare, v. Spelman in voce, where, however, we should read nec redeat for nec videat, as in Dr. Wilkins, edit, p. 198. The form of the oath is in Antiq. Repert. l. c. See Stat. 32 Hen. VIII. c. 12.
page 35 note [y] V. infra, p. 41. Linwood, p. 256. Antiq. Repert. l. c. Sanctuary-men wore cross keys on their garments in a procession at Westminster. Strype, Mem. III. p. 310.
page 35 note [z] Archbishop Boniface, Constitut. 1261. art. 8. Antiq. Repert. l. c.
page 35 note [a] Boniface 1261. art. 8.
page 35 note [b] Antiq. Repert. I. p. 175.
page 35 note [c] Ibid. l. c.
page 35 note [d] Stat. 21 Hen. VIII. c. 2.
page 35 note [e] Stat. 28 Hen. VIII. c. 5. also, 32 Hen. VIII. c. 12.
page 35 note [f] Stat. 32 Hen. VIII. c. 13.
page 36 note [g] Linwood, p. 257, where the reasons of his opinion may be seen.
page 36 note [h] Rapin, I. p. 240.
page 36 note [i] Ibid. Diceto, col. 691.
page 36 note [k] See charter of Edw. Conf. in Stowe's Survey, II. p. 614.
page 36 note [l] Leland, Collect. IV. p. 103. ex vita Joan. Beverl. I look upon this to be the same case with that of Trusten, p. 104, where for petiit we ought to read periit from p. 103.
page 36 note [m] Supra, p. 26.
page 36 note [n] Du Fresne, v. Sanctarium. Weever, p. 491.
page 36 note [o] Wilkins, Concil. I. p. 310.
page 37 note [p] Rapin, I. p. 310.
page 37 note [q] Lord Bacon, p. 105.
page 37 note [r] Knyghton, apud X Script. col. 2400.
page 37 note [s] Lord Lyttelton, Life of Hen. II. vol. II. p. 289. See also an Instance of Contempt, p. 359.
page 37 note [t] Archbishop Boniface, Constitut. art. 8. See the story of Hubert de Burgh below.
page 38 note [u] Collier, Eccl. Hist. I. p. 568, or Mr. Widmore, Hist. of Westm. Abbey, p. 104, where the story is more circumstantially related. See also the case of Humph. Stafford, t. H. VII. in Staveley, p. 174. Stowe, Surv. I. p. 608.
page 38 note [w] Stowe, Surv. I. p. 606. 608. II. p. 615. Leland. Collect. IV. p. 110.
page 38 note [x] Widmore, History of Westminster Abbey, p. 105.
page 38 note [y] A chapel of case to South Weld, Newcourt, II. p. 646.
page 38 note [z] This seems to be called a crucifix above, p. 35.
page 39 note [a] Dugd. Bar. I. p. 696. Rapin, p. 306.
page 40 note [b] Vide supra, p. 7. Lord Bacon, Hen. VII. p. 104.
page 40 note [c] See his Constitutions, art. 8. and Ottobon, A. 1268. art. 12.
page 40 note [d] Dugd. l. c. p. 695. Ottobon. l. c. excommunicates burners and breakers of churches. see Flor. Vigorn. p. 640, or Godwin de Præful. p. 730.
page 40 note [e] Smollet, Trav. p. 279.
page 40 note [f] Perizon ad Tursellin. III. p. 473. MS. ut supra. Belisarius played Sylverius much the same trick, Idem. ibid. p. 490. and Phocas, in like manner shamefully broke promise with Constantina wife of Mauritius. Idem. ibid. p. 514.
page 40 note [g] V. supra, p. 12.
page 40 note [h] Story of Hubert de Burgh, above.
page 41 note [a] Girald. Cambr. Desc. Cambr. c. 8. Lord Lyttelton, II. p. 359.
page 41 note [b] Charta Kenulphi regis in Du Fresne, v. Sanctarium. Staveley, p. 174.
page 41 note [c] Supra, p. 28.
page 41 note [d] Camden, Brit. col. 135. Lord Bacon, Hist. Hen. VII p. 104. Rapin, I. p. 263.
page 41 note [e] Spelm. Gloss. v. Fridstoll & Sanctuarium. Camden, Brit. col. 891. Drake, Eborac. p. LXXXIX of Appendix.
page 41 note [f] Camden, Brit. col. 209. p. 29. above. Fuller, Ch. Hist. lib. iii. p. 1.
page 41 note [g] Lord Bacon, p. 11. Staveley, p. 174.
page 41 note [h] Stat. 32 Hen. VIII. c. 12. All Saints Church was then collegiate.
page 41 note [i] Pat. Sanderson, Antiq. of the church of Durham, p. 43. Staveley, p. 43.
page 41 note [k] Antiq. Repert. p. 175. supra, p. 36.
page 41 note [l] Staveley, p. 173, Richard. prior Hagustald. ut sup. p. 25.
page 41 note [m] Stat. 32 Hen. VIII. c. 12. Staveley, p. 176, has Launceston.
page 41 note [n] Carta H. III. in Du Fresne, v. Sanctuarium.
page 41 note [o] Stat. 32 Hen. VIII. c. 12.
page 41 note [p] Supra, p. 38.
page 41 note [q] Stat. 32 Hen. VIII. c. 12.
page 41 note [r] Stat. 32 Hen. VIII. c. 12.
page 42 note [s] Leland, Collect. IV. p. 110. Dugd. Mon. I. p. 172. Drake, Eborac. p. XCI of Appendix.
page 42 note [t] Weever, p. 300. Stowe, Surv. I. 606 seq. It was given by king Henry VII. to Westminster, p. 612. II. p. 615. Newcourt, Repert. I. p. 424, seq. Supra, p. 27.
page 42 note [u] Supra, p. 36.
page 42 note [w] Weever, p. 441.
page 42 note [x] Stat. 32 Hen. VIII. c. 12.
page 42 note [y] Weever, p. 491. Stowe, Surv. II. p. 614 seq. Antiq. Repert. p. 43.
page 42 note [z] Supra, p. 36.
page 42 note [a] Spelm. Gloss. v. Fridstoll. Drake, Eborac. p. 548.
page 42 note [b] Mr. Drake, p. 547, where Alfred should be Alfric, though he is called Alfrid Leland, Collect. IV. p. 102.
page 42 note [o] Pennant's Tour in Scotland 1772, P. ii. p. 246.
page 43 note [d] V. supra, p. 37.
page 43 note [e] Stat. 26 Hen. VIII. c. 13. § 3.
page 43 note [f] Stat. 32 Hen. VIII. c. 12.
page 44 note [g] Strype, Mem. III. p. 310. 383.
page 44 note [h] Widmore, History of Westminster Abbey, p. 141.
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